This Spanish grammar book covers topics such as verb conjugation in the present tense, irregular verbs, ser and estar, verbs like gustar, nouns and articles, adjectives, preterite vs imperfect tenses, the present subjunctive, subjunctive usage in noun and adjective clauses, commands, and object and prepositional pronouns. It provides examples and explanations of grammar concepts and includes tables of verb conjugations.
The document is a table of contents for a Spanish 4 grammar book. It lists and provides page numbers for various grammar topics covered in the book, such as the present tense, irregular verbs, ser and estar, object pronouns, the preterite vs imperfect tenses, the present subjunctive, and more.
The document is a Spanish 4H grammar book that provides explanations and examples of key grammatical concepts in Spanish including the present tense, irregular verbs, the difference between ser and estar, verbs like gustar, nouns and articles, and the difference between the preterite and imperfect tenses. It covers topics such as stem-changing verbs, irregular yo forms, uses of ser and estar, verbs that work like gustar, gender of nouns, and trigger words to distinguish between the preterite and imperfect tenses.
The document outlines the table of contents for a Spanish 4 grammar book, which covers topics such as verb tenses like the present, preterite, and imperfect, uses of ser and estar, stem-changing verbs, irregular verbs, object and possessive pronouns, and uses of the subjunctive mood.
This document provides an overview of a Spanish grammar book titled "Libro de Gramática" by Taloradora. It includes a table of contents listing 16 chapters that cover topics such as the present tense, ser and estar, verbs like gustar, nouns and articles, the preterite vs imperfect tenses, subjunctive moods, commands, and object pronouns. The document then provides examples and explanations of the present tense conjugations, uses of ser and estar, and the differences between the preterite and imperfect tenses.
This document is the table of contents for a Spanish 4 grammar book. It lists 14 chapters covering various topics of Spanish grammar, including the present tense, ser vs estar, gustar verbs, preterite and imperfect tenses, subjunctive mood, commands, object pronouns, and more. Each chapter title is listed along with the page numbers for that section.
This document provides an overview of Spanish grammar concepts including:
1. The present tense and how it is used to describe ongoing actions.
2. Stem-changing verbs and irregular verb conjugations in the present tense.
3. The differences between using ser and estar.
4. Additional irregular verb forms and conjugations in the preterite, imperfect, and other verb tenses.
5. Key terms, examples, and tables to illustrate Spanish verb usage and conjugations.
This grammar book provides an overview of key Spanish grammar topics in 14 sections:
1. El Presente - formation of regular and irregular present tense verbs.
2. Ser y Estar - uses of ser and estar with adjectives to describe permanent vs. temporary qualities.
3. Verbs like Gustar - construction and uses of verbs like gustar, encantar, and faltar.
4. Nouns and Articles - agreement of nouns and articles based on gender and number.
5. Adjectives - agreement of adjectives with nouns.
6. Preterite vs. Imperfect - uses of the preterite and imperfect
The document provides a summary of key Spanish grammar topics organized in numbered sections, including: verb conjugations, stem changers, irregular verbs, saber vs conocer, reflexives, the present tense with diphthongs, gustar verbs, verbs ending in -uir/-guir and -cer/-cir, and more advanced topics like the preterite vs imperfect, future vs conditional, por vs para, commands, and the subjunctive mood.
The document is a table of contents for a Spanish 4 grammar book. It lists and provides page numbers for various grammar topics covered in the book, such as the present tense, irregular verbs, ser and estar, object pronouns, the preterite vs imperfect tenses, the present subjunctive, and more.
The document is a Spanish 4H grammar book that provides explanations and examples of key grammatical concepts in Spanish including the present tense, irregular verbs, the difference between ser and estar, verbs like gustar, nouns and articles, and the difference between the preterite and imperfect tenses. It covers topics such as stem-changing verbs, irregular yo forms, uses of ser and estar, verbs that work like gustar, gender of nouns, and trigger words to distinguish between the preterite and imperfect tenses.
The document outlines the table of contents for a Spanish 4 grammar book, which covers topics such as verb tenses like the present, preterite, and imperfect, uses of ser and estar, stem-changing verbs, irregular verbs, object and possessive pronouns, and uses of the subjunctive mood.
This document provides an overview of a Spanish grammar book titled "Libro de Gramática" by Taloradora. It includes a table of contents listing 16 chapters that cover topics such as the present tense, ser and estar, verbs like gustar, nouns and articles, the preterite vs imperfect tenses, subjunctive moods, commands, and object pronouns. The document then provides examples and explanations of the present tense conjugations, uses of ser and estar, and the differences between the preterite and imperfect tenses.
This document is the table of contents for a Spanish 4 grammar book. It lists 14 chapters covering various topics of Spanish grammar, including the present tense, ser vs estar, gustar verbs, preterite and imperfect tenses, subjunctive mood, commands, object pronouns, and more. Each chapter title is listed along with the page numbers for that section.
This document provides an overview of Spanish grammar concepts including:
1. The present tense and how it is used to describe ongoing actions.
2. Stem-changing verbs and irregular verb conjugations in the present tense.
3. The differences between using ser and estar.
4. Additional irregular verb forms and conjugations in the preterite, imperfect, and other verb tenses.
5. Key terms, examples, and tables to illustrate Spanish verb usage and conjugations.
This grammar book provides an overview of key Spanish grammar topics in 14 sections:
1. El Presente - formation of regular and irregular present tense verbs.
2. Ser y Estar - uses of ser and estar with adjectives to describe permanent vs. temporary qualities.
3. Verbs like Gustar - construction and uses of verbs like gustar, encantar, and faltar.
4. Nouns and Articles - agreement of nouns and articles based on gender and number.
5. Adjectives - agreement of adjectives with nouns.
6. Preterite vs. Imperfect - uses of the preterite and imperfect
The document provides a summary of key Spanish grammar topics organized in numbered sections, including: verb conjugations, stem changers, irregular verbs, saber vs conocer, reflexives, the present tense with diphthongs, gustar verbs, verbs ending in -uir/-guir and -cer/-cir, and more advanced topics like the preterite vs imperfect, future vs conditional, por vs para, commands, and the subjunctive mood.
The document contains a list of Spanish grammar topics and concepts organized under headings. It includes topics such as verb conjugations, irregular verbs, uses of reflexive verbs, saber vs conocer, gustar expressions, preterite vs imperfect, por vs para, commands, present perfect, double object pronouns, adverbs, subjunctive, se impersonal, and progressive tenses. The document serves as a study guide or reference sheet for reviewing key elements of Spanish grammar.
This document defines and provides examples of different types of pronouns:
- Pronouns take the place of nouns and their categories include personal, possessive, demonstrative, reflexive, interrogative, and indefinite pronouns.
- Personal pronouns represent specific people or things and depend on number, person, gender, and case.
- Possessive pronouns show ownership and never use apostrophes.
- Demonstrative pronouns single out nouns by distance or time as this/these (near) and that/those (far).
The document discusses personal, possessive, and substantive pronouns in Portuguese. It provides tables of personal and possessive pronouns and their forms. It notes that possessive pronouns can function as adjectives or substantives. It also provides examples of how possessive pronouns are used differently in English than Portuguese in terms of agreement. It includes exercises to choose the correct pronouns to fill in blanks.
The document provides an overview of Spanish grammar concepts including:
- Present tense conjugations
- Stem changers and irregular "yo" verbs
- The differences between saber and conocer
- Reflexive and impersonal se verbs
- Verbs like gustar
- Preterite, imperfect, and future tense conjugations
- Irregular verb patterns and spelling changes
It explains these concepts through examples and conjugation tables to summarize the key elements of Spanish verb usage and grammar.
This document provides an overview of Spanish grammar topics including nationalities, stem changers, para, indirect object pronouns, pronoun placement, gustar, superlatives, reflexives, commands, sequencing events, preterite, trigger words, car/gar/zar verbs, deber + infinitive, modal verbs, present progressive, and adverbs. It includes definitions, examples, and conjugations for each topic. The table of contents outlines 18 different grammar points that are explained in the document.
The document summarizes English grammar tenses and structures, including:
1) The simple present, present continuous, simple past, past continuous, future with "going to", simple future, and future continuous tenses.
2) The present perfect, present perfect continuous, past perfect, and used to structures.
3) Expressions using be + used to + verb + ing to describe habits in the present and past.
The document provides an overview of key grammatical concepts in Spanish, including:
- Verb tenses like the present, preterite, imperfect, and future tenses.
- Irregular verbs and their conjugations.
- Reflexive verbs and the impersonal se.
- Similar verbs like saber and conocer.
- Hacer expressions that indicate duration or frequency of an action.
- Comparatives and superlatives.
The document provides an overview of the material that will be covered on an upcoming Spanish semester exam. It lists the chapters and topics students need to study, including vocabulary and grammar for breakfast/lunch, health, leisure activities, parties/celebrations, and ordering food. Conjugation charts and explanations of verbs like comer, ser, ir, jugar, tener, venir, and estar are also provided. Students are instructed to bring specific tests and materials from their semester 2 folder to help prepare for the exam.
This document contains a table of contents for a grammar book. It lists and provides brief explanations of topics like nationalities, stem changers, para, object pronouns, gustar, affirmative and negative words, superlatives, reflexives, commands, sequencing events, preterite, deber, present progressive, -mente, and more. The document provides examples and conjugations to demonstrate key grammar concepts in Spanish.
This document contains a grammar book table of contents covering topics such as nationalities, stem changers, para, object pronoun placement, indirect object pronouns, gustar, affirmative and negative words, superlatives, reflexives, commands, sequencing events, preterite (past tense), deber, present progressive, -mente adverbs, adjective endings, and preterite irregular verbs. The table of contents lists 20 sections that provide explanations and examples of Spanish grammar concepts.
This document provides a grammatical summary of the English and Spanish languages. It discusses the verbs "to be", "to have", and "to do" in English, including their present, past and future forms. It also covers pronouns, demonstratives, indefinite articles, questions words and other grammatical elements in English such as subject-verb agreement and the impersonal "there is/there are". The summary is intended as a reference for both English and Spanish grammar.
This document provides a table of contents and sections from a Spanish 4 grammar book, including:
1) A summary of verb conjugations for the present tense
2) An overview of the differences between ser and estar
3) Explanations of gustar and how to use it with nouns, articles, and adjectives
4) A comparison of the preterite and imperfect tenses
This document provides a summary of Spanish grammar concepts including:
- The present tense formation of regular and irregular verbs.
- The differences between ser and estar.
- Verbs like gustar and their usage.
- Spanish noun and adjective agreement including gender and number.
- The differences between the preterite and imperfect tenses.
This document provides a summary of key grammar concepts in Spanish 2 including the uses of ser and estar, verbs like gustar, hacer expressions, preterite and imperfect tenses, commands, reflexive verbs, saber vs conocer and more. It includes over 30 topics organized alphabetically with explanations and examples for each.
This document provides a summary of Spanish grammar topics including nationalities, stem changing verbs, para, indirect object pronouns, pronoun placement, gustar, affirmative and negative words, superlatives, reflexives, commands, sequencing events, the preterite tense, trigger words, verbs ending in -car, -gar, -zar, deber and the infinitive, modal verbs, the present progressive, and adverbs. The document covers essential grammar structures and their usage in Spanish.
This document provides an overview of Spanish grammar concepts including:
- Present tense conjugations of -ar, -er, and -ir verbs
- Stem-changing and irregular yo verbs
- Uses of ser and estar
- Verbs like gustar and their conjugation
- Differences between preterite and imperfect tenses
- Saber vs conocer, reflexive verbs, and se impersonals
- Verb conjugations with diphthongs and accents
- Forms like the present perfect and pluperfect tenses
The document provides an overview of key Spanish 4 grammar concepts including:
1. The present tense and its regular conjugations as well as irregular yo forms.
2. Ser and estar and how they are used with adjectives.
3. Gustar and similar verbs like gustar that follow the same conjugation.
4. The preterite and imperfect tenses, including how to identify them using "trigger words" and their regular and irregular conjugations.
The document provides an outline for a second semester Spanish grammar book. It includes sections on verb tenses and moods such as the imperfect, preterite, stem-changing verbs, modal verbs, the progressive tense, future, conditional, and commands. Other sections cover topics like adverbs, irregular verbs, superlatives, pronouns as objects of prepositions, and demonstrative adjectives.
This document provides a grammar book outline covering topics such as: present tense verbs ending in ar, er, ir; stem changers; irregular verbs; saber vs conocer; reflexives; the se impersonal; diphthongs; gustar verbs; verbs ending in uir/guir, cer/cir, ger/gir; hacer + que + present; ser vs estar; the imperfect tense; the preterite; car, gar, zar verbs; comparatives and superlatives; and the future tense. The outline includes 20 sections and covers basic Spanish grammar concepts.
The document provides an overview of key grammatical concepts in Spanish, including:
1) Present tense conjugations of -ar, -er, and -ir verbs as well as stem changers and irregular verbs.
2) Differences between saber and conocer, reflexive verbs, the impersonal se, and uses of the present tense.
3) Verbs like gustar and verbs ending in -uir/-guir, -cer/-cir, -ger/-gir.
4) Uses of the imperfect and preterite tenses.
5) Comparatives and superlatives.
6) The future tense.
This document provides a summary of key grammatical concepts in Spanish, organized into 23 sections. It covers topics such as verb conjugations, irregular verbs, uses of ser and estar, gustar constructions, preterite vs imperfect, the subjunctive mood, commands, object pronouns, possessive adjectives and pronouns, demonstratives, reflexives, and the differences between por and para.
The document contains a list of Spanish grammar topics and concepts organized under headings. It includes topics such as verb conjugations, irregular verbs, uses of reflexive verbs, saber vs conocer, gustar expressions, preterite vs imperfect, por vs para, commands, present perfect, double object pronouns, adverbs, subjunctive, se impersonal, and progressive tenses. The document serves as a study guide or reference sheet for reviewing key elements of Spanish grammar.
This document defines and provides examples of different types of pronouns:
- Pronouns take the place of nouns and their categories include personal, possessive, demonstrative, reflexive, interrogative, and indefinite pronouns.
- Personal pronouns represent specific people or things and depend on number, person, gender, and case.
- Possessive pronouns show ownership and never use apostrophes.
- Demonstrative pronouns single out nouns by distance or time as this/these (near) and that/those (far).
The document discusses personal, possessive, and substantive pronouns in Portuguese. It provides tables of personal and possessive pronouns and their forms. It notes that possessive pronouns can function as adjectives or substantives. It also provides examples of how possessive pronouns are used differently in English than Portuguese in terms of agreement. It includes exercises to choose the correct pronouns to fill in blanks.
The document provides an overview of Spanish grammar concepts including:
- Present tense conjugations
- Stem changers and irregular "yo" verbs
- The differences between saber and conocer
- Reflexive and impersonal se verbs
- Verbs like gustar
- Preterite, imperfect, and future tense conjugations
- Irregular verb patterns and spelling changes
It explains these concepts through examples and conjugation tables to summarize the key elements of Spanish verb usage and grammar.
This document provides an overview of Spanish grammar topics including nationalities, stem changers, para, indirect object pronouns, pronoun placement, gustar, superlatives, reflexives, commands, sequencing events, preterite, trigger words, car/gar/zar verbs, deber + infinitive, modal verbs, present progressive, and adverbs. It includes definitions, examples, and conjugations for each topic. The table of contents outlines 18 different grammar points that are explained in the document.
The document summarizes English grammar tenses and structures, including:
1) The simple present, present continuous, simple past, past continuous, future with "going to", simple future, and future continuous tenses.
2) The present perfect, present perfect continuous, past perfect, and used to structures.
3) Expressions using be + used to + verb + ing to describe habits in the present and past.
The document provides an overview of key grammatical concepts in Spanish, including:
- Verb tenses like the present, preterite, imperfect, and future tenses.
- Irregular verbs and their conjugations.
- Reflexive verbs and the impersonal se.
- Similar verbs like saber and conocer.
- Hacer expressions that indicate duration or frequency of an action.
- Comparatives and superlatives.
The document provides an overview of the material that will be covered on an upcoming Spanish semester exam. It lists the chapters and topics students need to study, including vocabulary and grammar for breakfast/lunch, health, leisure activities, parties/celebrations, and ordering food. Conjugation charts and explanations of verbs like comer, ser, ir, jugar, tener, venir, and estar are also provided. Students are instructed to bring specific tests and materials from their semester 2 folder to help prepare for the exam.
This document contains a table of contents for a grammar book. It lists and provides brief explanations of topics like nationalities, stem changers, para, object pronouns, gustar, affirmative and negative words, superlatives, reflexives, commands, sequencing events, preterite, deber, present progressive, -mente, and more. The document provides examples and conjugations to demonstrate key grammar concepts in Spanish.
This document contains a grammar book table of contents covering topics such as nationalities, stem changers, para, object pronoun placement, indirect object pronouns, gustar, affirmative and negative words, superlatives, reflexives, commands, sequencing events, preterite (past tense), deber, present progressive, -mente adverbs, adjective endings, and preterite irregular verbs. The table of contents lists 20 sections that provide explanations and examples of Spanish grammar concepts.
This document provides a grammatical summary of the English and Spanish languages. It discusses the verbs "to be", "to have", and "to do" in English, including their present, past and future forms. It also covers pronouns, demonstratives, indefinite articles, questions words and other grammatical elements in English such as subject-verb agreement and the impersonal "there is/there are". The summary is intended as a reference for both English and Spanish grammar.
This document provides a table of contents and sections from a Spanish 4 grammar book, including:
1) A summary of verb conjugations for the present tense
2) An overview of the differences between ser and estar
3) Explanations of gustar and how to use it with nouns, articles, and adjectives
4) A comparison of the preterite and imperfect tenses
This document provides a summary of Spanish grammar concepts including:
- The present tense formation of regular and irregular verbs.
- The differences between ser and estar.
- Verbs like gustar and their usage.
- Spanish noun and adjective agreement including gender and number.
- The differences between the preterite and imperfect tenses.
This document provides a summary of key grammar concepts in Spanish 2 including the uses of ser and estar, verbs like gustar, hacer expressions, preterite and imperfect tenses, commands, reflexive verbs, saber vs conocer and more. It includes over 30 topics organized alphabetically with explanations and examples for each.
This document provides a summary of Spanish grammar topics including nationalities, stem changing verbs, para, indirect object pronouns, pronoun placement, gustar, affirmative and negative words, superlatives, reflexives, commands, sequencing events, the preterite tense, trigger words, verbs ending in -car, -gar, -zar, deber and the infinitive, modal verbs, the present progressive, and adverbs. The document covers essential grammar structures and their usage in Spanish.
This document provides an overview of Spanish grammar concepts including:
- Present tense conjugations of -ar, -er, and -ir verbs
- Stem-changing and irregular yo verbs
- Uses of ser and estar
- Verbs like gustar and their conjugation
- Differences between preterite and imperfect tenses
- Saber vs conocer, reflexive verbs, and se impersonals
- Verb conjugations with diphthongs and accents
- Forms like the present perfect and pluperfect tenses
The document provides an overview of key Spanish 4 grammar concepts including:
1. The present tense and its regular conjugations as well as irregular yo forms.
2. Ser and estar and how they are used with adjectives.
3. Gustar and similar verbs like gustar that follow the same conjugation.
4. The preterite and imperfect tenses, including how to identify them using "trigger words" and their regular and irregular conjugations.
The document provides an outline for a second semester Spanish grammar book. It includes sections on verb tenses and moods such as the imperfect, preterite, stem-changing verbs, modal verbs, the progressive tense, future, conditional, and commands. Other sections cover topics like adverbs, irregular verbs, superlatives, pronouns as objects of prepositions, and demonstrative adjectives.
This document provides a grammar book outline covering topics such as: present tense verbs ending in ar, er, ir; stem changers; irregular verbs; saber vs conocer; reflexives; the se impersonal; diphthongs; gustar verbs; verbs ending in uir/guir, cer/cir, ger/gir; hacer + que + present; ser vs estar; the imperfect tense; the preterite; car, gar, zar verbs; comparatives and superlatives; and the future tense. The outline includes 20 sections and covers basic Spanish grammar concepts.
The document provides an overview of key grammatical concepts in Spanish, including:
1) Present tense conjugations of -ar, -er, and -ir verbs as well as stem changers and irregular verbs.
2) Differences between saber and conocer, reflexive verbs, the impersonal se, and uses of the present tense.
3) Verbs like gustar and verbs ending in -uir/-guir, -cer/-cir, -ger/-gir.
4) Uses of the imperfect and preterite tenses.
5) Comparatives and superlatives.
6) The future tense.
This document provides a summary of key grammatical concepts in Spanish, organized into 23 sections. It covers topics such as verb conjugations, irregular verbs, uses of ser and estar, gustar constructions, preterite vs imperfect, the subjunctive mood, commands, object pronouns, possessive adjectives and pronouns, demonstratives, reflexives, and the differences between por and para.
The document provides an outline of 30 grammar topics in Spanish including: verb conjugations, uses of ser and estar, pronouns, commands, subjunctive mood, por vs para, and future tense conjugations. It covers essential concepts in Spanish grammar and provides examples to illustrate each topic.
This document provides an outline of 30 grammar topics in Spanish including: verb conjugations, irregular verbs, uses of ser and estar, pronouns, commands, and moods such as subjunctive. It covers essential concepts such as stem-changing verbs, direct and indirect object pronouns, possessive adjectives and pronouns, and uses of preterite vs imperfect tense. The document serves as a comprehensive reference guide for key elements of Spanish grammar.
This document provides an index and overview of topics covered in a Spanish grammar book. The index lists 12 chapters covering topics such as the present tense, ser vs estar, verbs like gustar, nouns and adjectives, the preterite vs imperfect tenses, the subjunctive, commands, object pronouns, and more. Sample conjugations and explanations of uses are provided for various verb types in the chapter about the present tense. The chapter on ser vs estar outlines the key uses of each verb.
This document provides a table of contents for a Spanish 4 grammar book. The table of contents lists 37 chapters covering various Spanish grammar topics like verb tenses (present, preterite, imperfect), uses of ser and estar, gustar and similar verbs, object pronouns, subjunctive mood, commands, and prepositions. Each chapter title is accompanied by the page numbers for that chapter.
This document provides a grammar guide for Spanish verbs and verb tenses. It covers topics such as present tense conjugations, stem changers, irregular verbs, saber vs conocer, reflexives, se impersonal, gustar verbs, hacer expressions, preterite vs imperfect, comparatives and superlatives, the future tense, ser vs estar, por vs para, commands, the present perfect, double object pronouns, adverbs, the subjunctive mood, and progressive tenses. The guide is presented through tables, examples, and explanations to teach Spanish grammar concepts.
This document provides a grammar book summary for the first and second semesters of Spanish. It includes tables of contents that list grammar topics such as verb tenses, stem changers, reflexives, comparatives, commands, and more. Each topic is then explained concisely through examples and conjugation tables. The document serves as a helpful reference guide for learning essential Spanish grammar concepts.
This document contains a table of contents for a Spanish grammar book covering topics such as verb conjugations, irregular verbs, stem changes, uses of por vs para, commands, and the subjunctive mood. It provides example conjugations and explanations for present tense verbs, stem changing verbs, irregular yo forms, saber vs conocer, reflexive verbs, and se impersonal verbs. It also covers uses of the imperfect vs preterite, future/conditional forms, por vs para prepositions, commands, the present perfect, double object pronouns, adverbs, and progressive tenses.
The document provides a review for a Spanish II mid-term exam, outlining various topics and grammar points students should study. It includes: listening questions focusing on comprehension; vocabulary from all units to study; cultural sections to review; ensuring strong knowledge of Unit 5; familiarity with present, preterite, and present progressive verb tenses; reflexive verbs; direct and indirect object pronouns; the verb "doler"; comparatives; and the uses of "ser" and "estar".
This document provides a grammar guide in Spanish. It includes:
1) A table of contents outlining tenses and topics covered such as the present, future, imperfect, preterite, stem changers, reflexives, comparatives and superlatives.
2) Explanations and conjugations of verb tenses including the present, stem changers, irregular verbs, saber vs conocer, reflexives, impersonal se, diphthongs with accents, hace + time + que constructions, ger/gir and cer/cir verbs.
3) Discussions of the preterite tense triggers and irregular conjugations.
4) Descriptions of the imperfect tense,
The document is a Spanish grammar book that provides explanations and examples of key Spanish grammar topics across 14 sections. It covers topics such as present and preterite verb forms, stem changers, saber vs conocer, reflexives, por vs para, commands, and the subjunctive and imperfect tenses. Each section defines and illustrates the usage of the grammar points through clear examples and explanations.
This document provides information on Spanish grammar concepts including:
- Verb conjugations for -ar, -er, and -ir verbs in the present tense.
- Stem-changing verbs and irregular "yo" forms.
- Uses of reflexive pronouns and verbs.
- Formation of the preterite, imperfect, future, and conditional tenses.
- Differences between por and para prepositions.
- Forms of commands, adverbs, subjunctive mood, impersonal "se", and verbs like gustar.
Repaso de las conjugaciones verbales final salsichmsalsich
The document provides an overview of verb conjugations in different tenses in Spanish, including:
1. The preterite of regular and irregular verbs as well as verbs with spelling changes.
2. The imperfect tense and how it differs from the preterite.
3. The present subjunctive and how to conjugate regular verbs.
4. Triggers that require the subjunctive such as escapa, tal vez, quizás, and impersonal expressions.
5. Differences between the present subjunctive and imperfect subjunctive tenses.
6. Formation of the future, conditional, present perfect, and pluperfect tenses.
This document provides an outline of topics covered in a grammar book, including:
1) Present tense verbs and irregular forms
2) Stem-changing verbs
3) Verbs like saber vs conocer, reflexives, and impersonal se
4) Verb conjugations, irregular verbs, and uses of hacer
5) Imperfect, preterite, and future tenses along with comparative and superlative structures.
The document includes examples and explanations of grammatical structures and concepts.
This document provides a table of contents and explanations of various Spanish grammar topics, including:
- The difference between "que" and "cual"
- How to use "ser" and "estar"
- The structure of sentences using verbs like "gustar"
- Common Spanish transition words
- Forms of imperfect verbs and how they are used
- Trigger words that indicate the imperfect tense
- The construction of "acabar de + infinitive"
- Formulas and expressions using "hacer"
- Characteristics of reflexive verbs and verbs like "gustar"
- Forming affirmative and negative tú commands
- Placement of the direct object pronoun and uses
This grammar book contains information about Spanish grammar topics such as verb conjugations, irregular verbs, saber vs conocer, por vs para, commands, and more. It includes charts, examples, and explanations of grammar points. The table of contents outlines the chapters on present tense, stem changers, reflexives, the preterite, imperfect, and future tenses, comparatives, por vs para, commands, and other concepts.
This document provides a table of contents and overview for a Spanish grammar book. It covers topics such as the present tense, stem changing verbs, ser vs estar, gustar and similar verbs, nouns and articles, preterite vs imperfect, the subjunctive, commands, object pronouns, possessive adjectives and pronouns, demonstrative adjectives and pronouns, reflexive verbs, por vs para, and verbs to express becoming something. The document provides conjugation charts and explanations of grammar concepts.
This document provides a summary of Spanish grammar topics in 18 numbered sections. It includes explanations of verb conjugations, stem changers, reflexive verbs, impersonal expressions, diphthongs, saber vs conocer, the preterite and imperfect tenses, por vs para, and other grammar concepts. Tables are included showing examples of conjugations and stem changes.
1. The document provides an overview of Spanish grammar concepts including the present tense, irregular yo forms, ser vs estar, gustar constructions, preterite, imperfect, and differences between the preterite and imperfect tenses.
2. Key topics covered include forming the present tense of regular verbs, common irregular yo forms, uses of ser and estar, how gustar is used and followed by infinitives, forming the preterite and imperfect, and when to use the preterite versus imperfect to indicate completed versus ongoing past actions.
3. Examples are provided throughout to illustrate concepts like conjugations, tense uses, and differences between tenses.
2. Table of Contents
3: El Presente 23: Negative Formal
4: Irregular Yo Forms Commands
5: Irregular Verbs 24: Informal Commands
(present tense) 25: Nosotros Commands
6: Ser y Estar 27: Object Pronouns
8: Verbos Como Gustar 29: Prepositional
10: Nouns & Articles Pronouns
11: Adjetivos 30: Double Object
12: Preterite v. Pronouns
Imperfect
31: Possessive Adjectives
15: Present Subjunctive
32: Possessive Pronouns
19: Subjunctive in Noun
Clauses 33: Demonstrative
20: Subjunctive in Adjectives
Adjective Clauses 34: Demonstrative
21: DOP & IOP with Pronouns
commands 37: Reflexive Pronouns
22: Formal Commands 38: Por y Para
39: To Become
3. El Presente
• present tense of regular verbs is formed by dropping the infinitive
ending “-ar, -er, -ir”
• used to express habitual actions or actions that will take place in the
near future
Stem-changing verbs
>-ar/-er: e to ie and o to ue
>-ir: e to i
**no stem-changing in the nosotros and vosotros forms
>JUGAR: u to ueconstruir, destruir, incluir, influir (add y before personal
endings)
Ejemplos
1) Yo como una hamburguesa para mi almuerzo.
2) Ella juega fútbol con su amigas.
3) Escribimos con un lapiz en mi cuaderno.
4. Irregular Yo Forms
• -er/-ir have irregular yo forms in the present
tense
• -cer/-cir change to -zco in the yo form
• -ger/-gir change to –jo
• many verbs have irregular -go endings
>caer, to fall: yo caigo
>conducir, to drive: yo conduzco
>dirigir, to direct/manage: yo dirijo
>caber, to fit: yo quepo
>saber, to know: yo sé
>ver, to see: yo veo
5. Irregular Verbs, Present Tense
>dar: doy, das, da, damos, dais, dan
>decir
>estar Ejemplos
>ir 1) Yo hago mucha comida durante los
vacaciones de diciembre.
>ser 2) Yo pongo mis libros en mi escritorio.
3) Yo salgo mi casa para ir al aeropuerto.
4) Yo conduzco con mi madre para recibir mi
>tener licencia.
>venir
6. Ser y Estar
“to be”
not interchangeable
SER ESTAR
• nationality and place of • express things temporarily
origin (qualities or conditions that
• profession or occupation change with time)
• characteristics of people, • location or spatial
animals, and things relationships
• generalizations • health
• possession • emotional states
• material of composition • certain weather expressions
• time, date, or season • ongoing actions
• where or when an event (progressive tenses)
takes place • results of actions (past
participles)
• death: “muerto/a”
7. Ser y Estar contd.
SER Ejemplos ESTAR Ejemplos
1) Soy de Woodstock, GA. 1) Estoy en Nueva York
2) Ella es colombiana. para esta semana.
3) Mi madre es una 2) Ellos están aburridos
doctora.
en la clase de
4) Los gemelos, Ana y Nico,
son morenos con ojos ciencias.
verdes. 3) Porque es octubre,
5) El libro Twilight es de estamos en el otoño.
Selena.
4) Mi amiga Marisol está
6) El concierto de Jingle
Ball es en diciembre.
enferma con la gripe.
8. Verbos Como Gustar
• gustar: “to please” • Aburrir: to bore
>the thing/person • Caer bien/mal: to get along
that pleases is the subject; • Disgustar: to upset
gustar agrees in person and • Doler: to hurt
number • Encantar: to enjoy
>singular or plural • Faltar: to lack
• when gustar is followed by • Fascinar: to fascinate
one or more verbs in
infinitive, singular form of • Hacer falta
gustar is always used • Importar
• used in conditional to • Interesar: to interest
soften a request • Molestar: to bother
• a+[prep. pronoun] or • Preocupar: to worry
a+[noun] emphasizes who • Quedar: to leave; to fit
is pleased
(clothing)
• Sorprender: to surprise
9. Verbos Como Gustar contd.
1) Me gusta la revista de InStyle.
2) Nos gustan las vacaciones en Florida.
3) Me fascina Central Park en Nueva
York.
4) Te duelen mis piernas.
10. Nouns & Articles
• nouns in Spanish are either masculine
or feminine (masculine usually ends in –
o, feminine usually ends in –a)
Definite Articles Indefinite Articles
el un
la una
los unos
las unas
Feminine: -a, -dad/-tad/-tud, - Masculine: -o, -ma/-ta/-pa
ción/-sión/-gión, -ez, -triz, -umbre,
and nouns referring to women
Examples: feminine--la fruta, la ciudad, la canción, la validez, la
actriz, la costumbre, la madre; masculine--el programa, el día
11. Adjetivos
• adjectives are used to describe nouns
• they take the form of either masculine or
feminine, depending on the gender of
the word they are describing (la fresa
roja, el libro aburrido)
• either singular or plural, again depending
on the noun it‟s describing (EX: el chico
alto, los chicos altos)
• adjectives that end in -e for the singular
also end in –es for the plural
12. Preterite v. Imperfect
PRETERITE IMPERFECT
“Snapshot” of the past “Video” of the past without a specific
beginning or stopping point
>actions viewed as single events
>habitual actions
>actions repeated a specific
>actions that “set the stage” for other
number of times past actions
>actions that occurred during a >time
specific time period >date
>part of a chain of events >weather
>state the beginning/end of an >age
action >mental states
Preterite >describing characteristics of people,
é í things, or conditions
aste iste
ó ió Imperfect
amos imos aba ábamos ía íamos
asteis isteis abas abais ías íais
aron ieron aba aban ía ían
13. Preterite v. Imperfect contd.
PRETERITE IMPERFECT
Trigger Words: ayer, Trigger Words: a veces,
anoche, el otro día, cada día, cada
entonces, esta semana/mes/año, muchas
mañana/tarde, la semana veces, nunca, mientras,
siempre, todos los días
pasada, el año pasado
>would, used to,
were/was…
Example
Juan habló con la Example
estudiante. Las chicas hablaban en
Juan spoke with the inglés.
student. The girls used to speak in
English.
14. Preterite v. Imperfect contd.
• -gar changes g to gu
• -car changes c to qu
• -zar changes z to c
• verbs that end in -aer, -eer, -oír, -oer, &
uir change ió to yó & ieron to yeron
15. Present Subjunctive
Subjunctive Main clause -ar: e, es, e, Irregulars
Mood + emos, en dar (dé)
*attitudes connector estar (esté)
*uncertainty + -er/-ir: a, as, a, ir (vaya)
*hypothetical subordinate amos, an saber (sepa)
clause haber (haya)
ser (sea)
Tenga
Wishing/Wanting **Subjunctive is SUBJECTIVE Venga
Emotion *iffy
Doubt *indicative Dé/Diga
Disbelief I vaya
Impersonal Sea
Expressions Haga/Haya
Negation Esté
God/Grief Sepa
17. Present Subjunctive contd.
Expressions of Emotion
*alegrarse (de): to be happy
*esperar: to hope, to wish
*sentir (e-ie): to be sorry, to regret
*sorprender: to surprise
*temer: to be afraid, to fear
*Es triste: It‟s sad
*Ojalá (que): I hope (that), I wish (that)
18. Present Subjunctive contd.
Expressions of Doubt, Disbelief, & Denial
*dudar: to doubt
*negar (e-ie): to deny
*Es imposible: It‟s impossible
*Es improbable: It‟s improbable
*No es cierto: It‟s not true, It‟s not certain
*No es seguro: It‟s not certain
*No es verdad: It‟s not true
19. Subjunctive in Noun Clauses
• noun clause: dependent clauses that serve as
a direct object or complement of a verb
• the subjunctive mood is used with noun
clauses when:
*subj. of the verb is different than that of
the dependent clause
*the verb is influence/willing (want, prefer,
desire), emotion (fear, happy), doubt/negation
(uncertain, deny), and impersonal expression
(es posible, es importante)
EX: Dudo que vaya al Inglaterra en el verano.
Creo que tengamos una prueba en ciencias.
20. Subjunctive in Adjective Clauses
• adjective clause: an entire clause that
describes a noun or pronoun
• the subjunctive mood is used with
adjective clauses when the
antecedent is indefinite, unknown,
nonexistent, or negated
EX: Necesito un libro que me explique
esto.
Busco una doctora que sepa español.
21. DOP & IOP with Commands
AFFIRMATIVE NOSOTROS
Tú: drop the ‘s’ Ud./Uds.: put it in ‘yo’ form, change
Irregulars: di, haz, ve, pon, sal, sé, to opposite vowel
ten, ven Irregulars: TVDISHES
Tú: put it in „yo‟ form and change Ud./Uds.: same as above
to the opposite vowel, add „s‟ Irregulars: TVDISHES
Irregulars: TVDISHES
NEGATIVE NOSOTROS
*DOP + IOP + „se‟ can attach to affirmative
*DOP + IOP + „se‟ must go before the negative
command
22. Formal Commands
• use when addressing someone you don‟t know well or
someone you show respect to
• all usted and ustedes commands are formed the same as
the present subjunctive
1. start with the yo form of the present tense
**irregularity carries
2. drop the –o ending over from the yo form
to command form
3. add the following endings: >tenga, tengan
*-ar: -e (usted), -en (ustedes) >traiga, traigan
>venga, vengan
*-er/-ir: -a (usted), -an (ustedes)
**stem-changing verbs
*hable, hablen *Affirmative &
transition the same as
*coma, coman Negative
irregulars
*escriba, escriban commands use
>cuente, cuenten
the same verb
>vuelva, vuelvan
forms*
>pida, pidan
23. Negative Formal Commands
• add “no” in front of the formal
command
EX: No saquen sus libros.
No ponga su mochila aquí.
No lleguen tarde.
24. Informal Commands
• use when addressing family or friends
• affirmative tú commands are formed the same as the
present tense usted form
*hablar –ar + a= habla
*comer –er + e= come
*escribir –ir + e= escribe
*EX: Compra la camisa.
*pronoun attached to the end of aff. Commands
*IRREGULARS: decir-di, salir-sal, hacer-haz, ser-sé,
ver-ve, tener-ten, poner-pon, venir-ven
• negative informal commands use the tú form of the
present subjunctive (EX: no hables, no escribas)
*pronoun precedes the verb
25. Nosotros Commands
• used when the speaker suggests an action to be done
by a group, including the speaker
• two ways to form these commands: ir form and
subjunctive form
*IR: use present nosotros form of ir
EX: Vamos a nadar.
Vamos al restaurante.
*pronoun attached to the end
*SUBJUNCTIVE: use nosotros in the present
subjunctive form
EX: Tomemos un taxi.
Comamos aquí.
*pronouns nos & se-drop the final –s of the verb and
add to the end
26. Nosotros Commands contd.
Negative
• place “no” in front of the present subjunctive of nosotros
EX: No nademos.
No salgamos.
*reflexive, direct object, & indirect object pronouns
precede negative pronouns
EX: No los comamos.
Reflexive: Peinémonos el cabello. Cepillémonos
los dientes.
DO: Comámoslas. Pongámoslo.
IOP: Contestémosles.
**when attaching reflexive pronouns to the end of
a nosotros command, drop the final s of the
command form before the reflexive pronoun**
27. Object Pronouns
*direct object pronouns receive the
action of the verb
**indirect object pronouns identify to
whom or for whom an action is done
*direct/indirect object pronouns
precede the conjugated verb
*obj. pronouns may be attached to the
infinitive, gerund, affirmative command,
or placed before the conjugated verb
28. Object Pronouns contd.
**Le and Les change to se when they
are used with lo, la, los, or las
*when obj. pronouns are attached to
infinitives, participles, or commands, a
written accent is often required to
maintain proper word stress
29. Prepositional Pronouns
Mí: me, myself Él: him, it Nosotros/as: us, Ellos: them
ourselves
Ti: you, yourself Ella: her, it Vosotros/as: Ellas: them
you, yourselves
Ud.: you, yourself Sí: himself, Uds.: you, Sí: themselves
herself, itself yourselves
*prepositional pronouns function as the objects of
prepositions
>except for mí, ti, & sí, they are identical to their
corresponding subj. pronouns
*pronoun sí is used to refer back to the same third-person
subject (mismo/a(s) added for clarification)
*when mí, ti, & sí are used with con, they become conmigo,
contigo, & consigo
*these are used with tú and yo instead of ti and mí: entre,
excepto, incluso, menos, salvo, según
31. Possessive Adjectives
5 Possessive Adjectives: mi (my), tu (your informal),
su (his, her, their, your formal), nuestro (our), &
vuestro (your familiar or plural)
*mi, tu, and su have both singular and plural
forms: mi, mis, tu, tus, su, sus
• agree with the nouns they modify
• mi, tu, and su do not have feminine or masculine
forms (stay the same regardless of gender)
• nuestro and vuestro: nuestro, nuestra, nuestros,
nuestras & vuestro, vuestra, vuestros, vuestras
EX: mi libro, tus libros, su revista, nuestros carros,
vuestro cuaderno
32. Possessive Pronouns
• mine: el mío, la mía, los míos, las mías
• yours (familiars): el tuyo, la tuya, los tuyos, las tuyas
• yours (formal), his, hers: el suyo, la suya, los suyos, las
suyas
• ours: el nuestro, la nuestra, los nuestros, las nuestras
• yours (familiar): el vuestro, la vuestra, los vuestros, las
vuestras
• yours (formal), theirs: el suyo, la suya, los suyos, las
suyas
EX: Mi libro es grande pero el tuyo es pequeño.
Su carro es negro pero el mío es rojo.
33. Demonstrative Adjectives
Este Ese Aquel
este ese aquel
estos esos aquellos
esta esa aquella
estas esas aquellas
Neuter Forms (refer to abstract ideas)
*esto: this matter, this thing
*eso: that matter, that thing
*aquello: that matter/thing over there
34. Demonstrative Pronouns
• replace a noun in a phrase instead of
modifying it like an adjective would
1) replace noun(s) close to the speaker
(this one)
EX: Yo quiero ésta aquí.
Singular Plural
éste (this one here) éstos (this one here)
ésta (this one here) éstas (this one here)
35. Demonstrative Pronouns contd.
2) replace noun(s) that are not close to
the speaker (that one)
EX: Ésas son las más bonitas.
Singular Plural
ése (that one there) ésos (those there)
ésa (that one there) ésas (those there)
36. Demonstrative Pronouns contd.
3) replace noun(s) far from the speaker
and listener (that over there)
EX: Aquél allá es peligroso.
Singular Plural
aquél (that over there) aquéllos (those over
there)
aquélla (that over there) aquéllas (those over
there)
37. Reflexive Pronouns
• reflexive pronouns work with reflexive verbs to show that a
person is performing the action to him/herself (personal care &
daily routines)
• used to indicate an emotional response
EX: Me ducho cada mañana.
I shower (myself) every morning.
• placed immediately before simple conjugated verbs &
negative commands; attached to affirmative commands
Reflexive Verb Examples Singular Plural
cepillarse (to brush) 1st person me (to, for, from, or nos (to, for, from, or
off myself) off ourselves)
ducharse (to shower)
2nd person te (to, for, from, or os (to, for, from, or
secarse (to dry off) off yourself) off yourselves)
3rd person se (to, for, from, or se (to, for, from, or
off himself, herself, off themselves,
itself, yourself) yourselves)
38. Por y Para
POR PARA
*express gratitude or apology:
Gracias por la ayuda *destination: Ella salió para
*“through”, “along”, “by”, “in Madrid
the area of”: Andamos por el *use or purpose: El vaso es
parque para agua
*exchange, including sales
*“in order to”, “for the purpose
*“on behalf of”, “in favor of”
of”
*express length of time: Estudié
por dos horas *recipient: Este regalo es para
*“during” ti
*communication, *deadline or specific time
transportation: Viajo por tren y
hablo por teléfono
*express cause or reason
*idiomatic expression: por
ahora, por aquí, por ejemplo,
por favor, por fin, por último
39. To Become
• Hacerse: reflexive verb; to become, to
pretend; conjugated the same as
hacer (add the proper reflexive
pronoun-EX: me hago)
• Ponerse: me pongo, se ponen,
reflexive form of poner
• Volverse: me vuelvo, te vuelves
• Llegar a ser: Spanish phrasal verb that
means “to become”