This document provides an overview of watershed development. It defines a watershed as an area of land that drains water to a common point. It describes the characteristics of watersheds including size, shape, physiography, slope, climate, drainage, vegetation, geology and soils, hydrology, and socioeconomics. It outlines the objectives, advantages, management measures, types, and aims of watershed development programs. It also discusses rainwater harvesting, development work carried out in watersheds, economic assessment, and the role of cooperative societies in watershed management.
This document discusses watershed management and development in Karnataka, India. It begins with introducing watersheds and their importance. It then covers principles of watershed management, factors affecting it, common practices used, and different types of approaches. The document also discusses the need for watershed management in Karnataka due to issues like drought and soil erosion. It provides examples of specific watershed development programs and case studies in Karnataka. In conclusion, it emphasizes that watershed management is essential for sustainable land and water resource management.
T7: SUSTAINABLE WATERSHED MANAGEMENT: AN ESSENTIAL COMPONENT OF INTEGRATED ...FAO
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SUSTAINABLE WATERSHED MANAGEMENT: AN ESSENTIAL COMPONENT OF INTEGRATED WATER MANAGEMENT, BY: A.ELMAJOUDI, Water, Soil Conservation and Forests Protection Division (HCEFLCD- MOROCCO), Land and Water Days in Near East & North Africa, 15-18 December 2013, Amman, Jordan
This document provides an overview of watershed management and development. It defines a watershed and explains their importance for sustaining life. Watershed management aims to manipulate natural, agricultural, and human resources within a watershed to provide desired resources suitably. The objectives are to protect and improve land and water resources. Key perspectives include hydrological, environmental, socio-economic, financial, and administrative aspects. Approaches involve people's participation and a hierarchical organizational structure. Geological aspects that influence watersheds like soil, water, natural hazards are also described.
This presentation deals with Watershed Management In India and areas where there is scope of development. It also talks about a solution and our urges that our approach should be based on sustainability.
Groundwater systems & its depletion, causes, measures adopted in India Pranay Kandakatla
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Groundwater systems in India are being depleted at an unsustainable rate, primarily due to overextraction for agricultural irrigation. Key points:
- Groundwater provides over 60% of irrigation needs but extraction exceeds recharge in many areas, leading to falling water tables.
- Overextraction is driven by power subsidies that make deep tubewell pumping inexpensive, and crop pricing policies that incentivize water-intensive crops like rice and wheat.
- Many regions are now categorized as "overexploited" with extraction over 100% of recharge. Continued overuse could leave 60% of aquifers in a critical state within 20 years according to some estimates.
- Management strategies aim to strengthen ground
This document provides an overview of watershed development. It defines a watershed as an area of land that drains water to a common point. It describes the characteristics of watersheds including size, shape, physiography, slope, climate, drainage, vegetation, geology and soils, hydrology, and socioeconomics. It outlines the objectives, advantages, management measures, types, and aims of watershed development programs. It also discusses rainwater harvesting, development work carried out in watersheds, economic assessment, and the role of cooperative societies in watershed management.
This document discusses watershed management and development in Karnataka, India. It begins with introducing watersheds and their importance. It then covers principles of watershed management, factors affecting it, common practices used, and different types of approaches. The document also discusses the need for watershed management in Karnataka due to issues like drought and soil erosion. It provides examples of specific watershed development programs and case studies in Karnataka. In conclusion, it emphasizes that watershed management is essential for sustainable land and water resource management.
T7: SUSTAINABLE WATERSHED MANAGEMENT: AN ESSENTIAL COMPONENT OF INTEGRATED ...FAO
Â
SUSTAINABLE WATERSHED MANAGEMENT: AN ESSENTIAL COMPONENT OF INTEGRATED WATER MANAGEMENT, BY: A.ELMAJOUDI, Water, Soil Conservation and Forests Protection Division (HCEFLCD- MOROCCO), Land and Water Days in Near East & North Africa, 15-18 December 2013, Amman, Jordan
This document provides an overview of watershed management and development. It defines a watershed and explains their importance for sustaining life. Watershed management aims to manipulate natural, agricultural, and human resources within a watershed to provide desired resources suitably. The objectives are to protect and improve land and water resources. Key perspectives include hydrological, environmental, socio-economic, financial, and administrative aspects. Approaches involve people's participation and a hierarchical organizational structure. Geological aspects that influence watersheds like soil, water, natural hazards are also described.
This presentation deals with Watershed Management In India and areas where there is scope of development. It also talks about a solution and our urges that our approach should be based on sustainability.
Groundwater systems & its depletion, causes, measures adopted in India Pranay Kandakatla
Â
Groundwater systems in India are being depleted at an unsustainable rate, primarily due to overextraction for agricultural irrigation. Key points:
- Groundwater provides over 60% of irrigation needs but extraction exceeds recharge in many areas, leading to falling water tables.
- Overextraction is driven by power subsidies that make deep tubewell pumping inexpensive, and crop pricing policies that incentivize water-intensive crops like rice and wheat.
- Many regions are now categorized as "overexploited" with extraction over 100% of recharge. Continued overuse could leave 60% of aquifers in a critical state within 20 years according to some estimates.
- Management strategies aim to strengthen ground
This document outlines an innovative watershed approach to reducing nutrient losses from agricultural landscapes. The key points are:
1) Past conservation efforts have successfully reduced soil erosion but more is needed to reduce nutrients like nitrogen and phosphorus. The scale of the problem requires solutions at the watershed scale rather than just the farm scale.
2) By understanding how landscapes have changed and nutrient flowpaths, critical source areas and sink areas can be identified. Restoring sinks on just 1-2% of the landscape can decrease downstream loads by 45%.
3) The watershed approach follows nutrient flowpaths and prioritizes practices to reduce sources, transport, and restore sinks. These may include improved fertilizer management, cover crops
This document discusses the concepts, objectives, planning, and measures of watershed management. It defines a watershed as a drainage area that contributes surface water runoff to a common point. The key objectives of watershed management are to conserve and utilize water resources within the watershed for the benefit of local communities through practices like water harvesting, soil conservation, and flood control. Effective watershed management requires assessing hydrological and socioeconomic factors and developing a comprehensive plan that identifies problems, proposed solutions, costs/benefits, and responsibilities of various stakeholders. The plan should aim to balance environmental protection, water management, and land use. Common watershed management measures include both non-structural practices like altered cropping patterns and structural practices like
This document provides an overview of watershed management in Iran, with an emphasis on erosion and sediment control. It discusses the objectives of watershed management programs in Iran, which include soil and water conservation, erosion control, flood control, and improving livelihoods. It then reviews the history of watershed management practices in Iran dating back 3000 years, and describes traditional soil and water conservation techniques. The document outlines Iran's natural features and issues related to soil erosion, and describes structural and biological measures used in watershed management projects, including check dams, terracing, and reforestation activities.
Watershed management: Role of Geospatial Technologyamritpaldigra30
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Watershed management is the study of the relevant characteristics of a watershed which is done to enhance watershed functions that affect the plant, animal and human or other living communities within the watershed boundary.
This PPT dscribes the Role of Geospatial Technology in Watershed Management
watershed management by remote sensing
PPT contains basic remote sensing, need, and objective,concept of watershed management, benefits,application and conclusion.
The document discusses the Indus River watershed and the Indus Waters Treaty between India and Pakistan. It provides background on the watershed and then summarizes the key points of the treaty, including:
1) The treaty divided control of the Indus river system between the two countries, giving the eastern rivers to India and the western rivers to Pakistan.
2) It was brokered by the World Bank in 1960 to resolve disputes over sharing the river's waters.
3) The treaty allowed India to build projects on western rivers subject to constraints to ensure Pakistan's interests, but disputes have arisen such as over the Baglihar and Kishanganga projects.
4) Critics argue the
The document discusses watersheds and the watershed approach. It defines a watershed as a topographic area that drains runoff water to a common point. The objectives of watershed management are outlined, including controlling runoff, soil erosion, and flooding. The document notes that the watershed approach involves stakeholders collecting and analyzing data to develop and implement strategies to maintain water quality standards. Specific steps of the watershed approach include planning, data collection, assessment, strategy development, and implementation.
This project presentation summarizes the proposed total watershed management of Madgyal Village in collaboration with IIT Bombay. It provides background on the location, population, and water scarcity issues of Madgyal Village. The objectives are to analyze water resources, understand socio-economic conditions, assess water demand and supply, and suggest watershed management techniques. Components of the design include GIS analysis to delineate the watershed boundary and drainage patterns. The methodology discusses data collection, feasibility analysis of alternatives like contour bunding and check dams, and recommendations for future implementation and monitoring.
Watershed management experiences in Amhara Region, EthiopiaILRI
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Presented by Fentahun Mengistu at the Stakeholdersâ Workshop on Enhancing Communitiesâ Adaptive Capacity to Climate Change Induced Water Scarcity in Kabe Watershed, South Wollo Zone, Wollo University, Dessie, Ethiopia, 24-25 November 2011.
This document discusses integrated watershed management and rainwater harvesting. It covers India's water resources, watershed development and modeling, integrated watershed management approaches, water conservation techniques, and provides a case study of a successful watershed management project in Jhabua, India. The key points are:
1) Integrated watershed management aims to manage water resources in an integrated way across river basins and account for all interests. It involves community participation and addresses social and economic issues.
2) Watershed modeling uses computer models and remote sensing to help plan and manage limited water resources.
3) A case study of Jhabua, India showed how integrated management including water conservation, reforestation, and
Watershed Management for Sustainable Development of Rainfed areasAntaraPramanik
Â
This document summarizes watershed management approaches for sustainable development of rainfed areas in India. It discusses that watershed development is an eco-friendly approach to manage rainwater and address issues in rainfed areas. Over 120 million hectares of land in India are degraded. Objectives of watershed management include controlling soil erosion and runoff, rehabilitating degraded land, and improving agricultural production. Different management practices discussed include check dams, contour bunding, strip cropping, and agroforestry. Research findings show that watershed programs in India have increased crop yields and resource use efficiency while reducing soil erosion.
The document discusses watershed management and deterioration. It notes that watershed deterioration occurs due to faulty management practices related to agriculture, forestry, mining, construction, and apathy. This results in less production, increased erosion, reservoir siltation, lowered water tables, and poverty. Watershed development techniques aim to address this through soil and water conservation methods tailored for different land types, like contour trenches, bench terracing, check dams, plantation, and agroforestry. The goal is integrated management of human resources, land, water, crops, livestock, and other components for sustainable watershed development.
Assalam U Alikum.
I hope you all fine.
In these slides we shortly discuss watershed management its objectives, principles, advantages, disadvantages and more stuff like this.
Enjoy my these slides & I will share another slides soon.
Jazak Allah Khair.
Assalam U Alikum.
Role of different departments in watershed managementAbdullah Khan
Â
This document discusses the roles of different government departments and non-governmental organizations in watershed management in Pakistan. At the federal level, key organizations include WAPDA, which constructs dams and barrages for irrigation; IRSA, which regulates water distribution among provinces; and PCRWR, which conducts research on water resources. Provincial departments involved include soil and water conservation, forestry, and agriculture. NGOs such as WWF-Pakistan and the International Centre for Integrated Mountain Development conduct awareness campaigns and test watershed management strategies.
This document discusses urban watershed management. It begins by defining a watershed and watershed management. It then describes some of the challenges of urban watersheds, including increased impervious surfaces and changes to the terrain. The document outlines the steps to manage urban watersheds, which include delineating boundaries, inventorying resources, mapping drainage and land use, identifying pollution sources, and setting priorities. Building local partnerships and determining action priorities to reduce pollution and improve habitats are also discussed.
This document outlines an innovative watershed approach to reducing nutrient losses from agricultural landscapes. The key points are:
1) Past conservation efforts have successfully reduced soil erosion but more is needed to reduce nutrients like nitrogen and phosphorus. The scale of the problem requires solutions at the watershed scale rather than just the farm scale.
2) By understanding how landscapes have changed and nutrient flowpaths, critical source areas and sink areas can be identified. Restoring sinks on just 1-2% of the landscape can decrease downstream loads by 45%.
3) The watershed approach follows nutrient flowpaths and prioritizes practices to reduce sources, transport, and restore sinks. These may include improved fertilizer management, cover crops
This document discusses the concepts, objectives, planning, and measures of watershed management. It defines a watershed as a drainage area that contributes surface water runoff to a common point. The key objectives of watershed management are to conserve and utilize water resources within the watershed for the benefit of local communities through practices like water harvesting, soil conservation, and flood control. Effective watershed management requires assessing hydrological and socioeconomic factors and developing a comprehensive plan that identifies problems, proposed solutions, costs/benefits, and responsibilities of various stakeholders. The plan should aim to balance environmental protection, water management, and land use. Common watershed management measures include both non-structural practices like altered cropping patterns and structural practices like
This document provides an overview of watershed management in Iran, with an emphasis on erosion and sediment control. It discusses the objectives of watershed management programs in Iran, which include soil and water conservation, erosion control, flood control, and improving livelihoods. It then reviews the history of watershed management practices in Iran dating back 3000 years, and describes traditional soil and water conservation techniques. The document outlines Iran's natural features and issues related to soil erosion, and describes structural and biological measures used in watershed management projects, including check dams, terracing, and reforestation activities.
Watershed management: Role of Geospatial Technologyamritpaldigra30
Â
Watershed management is the study of the relevant characteristics of a watershed which is done to enhance watershed functions that affect the plant, animal and human or other living communities within the watershed boundary.
This PPT dscribes the Role of Geospatial Technology in Watershed Management
watershed management by remote sensing
PPT contains basic remote sensing, need, and objective,concept of watershed management, benefits,application and conclusion.
The document discusses the Indus River watershed and the Indus Waters Treaty between India and Pakistan. It provides background on the watershed and then summarizes the key points of the treaty, including:
1) The treaty divided control of the Indus river system between the two countries, giving the eastern rivers to India and the western rivers to Pakistan.
2) It was brokered by the World Bank in 1960 to resolve disputes over sharing the river's waters.
3) The treaty allowed India to build projects on western rivers subject to constraints to ensure Pakistan's interests, but disputes have arisen such as over the Baglihar and Kishanganga projects.
4) Critics argue the
The document discusses watersheds and the watershed approach. It defines a watershed as a topographic area that drains runoff water to a common point. The objectives of watershed management are outlined, including controlling runoff, soil erosion, and flooding. The document notes that the watershed approach involves stakeholders collecting and analyzing data to develop and implement strategies to maintain water quality standards. Specific steps of the watershed approach include planning, data collection, assessment, strategy development, and implementation.
This project presentation summarizes the proposed total watershed management of Madgyal Village in collaboration with IIT Bombay. It provides background on the location, population, and water scarcity issues of Madgyal Village. The objectives are to analyze water resources, understand socio-economic conditions, assess water demand and supply, and suggest watershed management techniques. Components of the design include GIS analysis to delineate the watershed boundary and drainage patterns. The methodology discusses data collection, feasibility analysis of alternatives like contour bunding and check dams, and recommendations for future implementation and monitoring.
Watershed management experiences in Amhara Region, EthiopiaILRI
Â
Presented by Fentahun Mengistu at the Stakeholdersâ Workshop on Enhancing Communitiesâ Adaptive Capacity to Climate Change Induced Water Scarcity in Kabe Watershed, South Wollo Zone, Wollo University, Dessie, Ethiopia, 24-25 November 2011.
This document discusses integrated watershed management and rainwater harvesting. It covers India's water resources, watershed development and modeling, integrated watershed management approaches, water conservation techniques, and provides a case study of a successful watershed management project in Jhabua, India. The key points are:
1) Integrated watershed management aims to manage water resources in an integrated way across river basins and account for all interests. It involves community participation and addresses social and economic issues.
2) Watershed modeling uses computer models and remote sensing to help plan and manage limited water resources.
3) A case study of Jhabua, India showed how integrated management including water conservation, reforestation, and
Watershed Management for Sustainable Development of Rainfed areasAntaraPramanik
Â
This document summarizes watershed management approaches for sustainable development of rainfed areas in India. It discusses that watershed development is an eco-friendly approach to manage rainwater and address issues in rainfed areas. Over 120 million hectares of land in India are degraded. Objectives of watershed management include controlling soil erosion and runoff, rehabilitating degraded land, and improving agricultural production. Different management practices discussed include check dams, contour bunding, strip cropping, and agroforestry. Research findings show that watershed programs in India have increased crop yields and resource use efficiency while reducing soil erosion.
The document discusses watershed management and deterioration. It notes that watershed deterioration occurs due to faulty management practices related to agriculture, forestry, mining, construction, and apathy. This results in less production, increased erosion, reservoir siltation, lowered water tables, and poverty. Watershed development techniques aim to address this through soil and water conservation methods tailored for different land types, like contour trenches, bench terracing, check dams, plantation, and agroforestry. The goal is integrated management of human resources, land, water, crops, livestock, and other components for sustainable watershed development.
Assalam U Alikum.
I hope you all fine.
In these slides we shortly discuss watershed management its objectives, principles, advantages, disadvantages and more stuff like this.
Enjoy my these slides & I will share another slides soon.
Jazak Allah Khair.
Assalam U Alikum.
Role of different departments in watershed managementAbdullah Khan
Â
This document discusses the roles of different government departments and non-governmental organizations in watershed management in Pakistan. At the federal level, key organizations include WAPDA, which constructs dams and barrages for irrigation; IRSA, which regulates water distribution among provinces; and PCRWR, which conducts research on water resources. Provincial departments involved include soil and water conservation, forestry, and agriculture. NGOs such as WWF-Pakistan and the International Centre for Integrated Mountain Development conduct awareness campaigns and test watershed management strategies.
This document discusses urban watershed management. It begins by defining a watershed and watershed management. It then describes some of the challenges of urban watersheds, including increased impervious surfaces and changes to the terrain. The document outlines the steps to manage urban watersheds, which include delineating boundaries, inventorying resources, mapping drainage and land use, identifying pollution sources, and setting priorities. Building local partnerships and determining action priorities to reduce pollution and improve habitats are also discussed.
The Coming Change in Social Media Business ApplicationsElizabeth Lupfer
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Social Media Today presents a whitepaper on the coming change in social media business applications. From the intro: Companies have been using social media primarily as a general communications toolâmostly for public relations and marketing. Thatâs about to change, as
businesses discover its value as an essential tool for customer engagementâ
providing lead generation, immediate customer contact, and customer interaction.
http://socialmediatoday.com/submitform/socialmediabusinesswhitepaper50109
San Dionisio in ParaÃąaque city will be the location of a clean-up site near a grotto. The clean-up site will be in a parking area close to the grotto in San Dionisio, ParaÃąaque. A parking area near a grotto in San Dionisio, ParaÃąaque will be used as the site for a clean-up project.
1) Flexible IT policies play a major role in employee satisfaction and retention. Employees with access to flexible policies like telework and social media report higher satisfaction and are less likely to plan to leave their employer.
2) Employees expect work technology to be on par with their personal technology experiences, but report their work technology is often outdated, slower, and less user-friendly. Addressing basic IT issues like speed and support is important.
3) Employees are driving technological change in the workplace as they transfer their consumer technology experiences. Many expect to use similar tools at work and home.
This document summarizes a presentation given by Henny Chen about engaging students' learning through Web 2.0 tools. It discusses Moreau Catholic High School's one-to-one laptop program for 9th-11th grade students and some of the Web 2.0 tools being used in Chinese language classes, including eBooks, online drills and exercises, Moodle, Quia, iMovie, Comic Life and tools for listening, speaking, presentations and recording like Audacity, VoiceThread, YouTube and Vocaroo. Examples of specific Web 2.0 tools highlighted are Twitter, reading tools, puzzle games, Google Docs, Flickr, eStroke software and Prezi.
Este documento apresenta uma semana acadÃĒmica sobre empresas e tecnologias para administraçÃŖo e ciÃĒncias contÃĄbeis, design de moda e sistemas de informaçÃŖo. Ele discute tÃŗpicos como inovaçÃŖo, empreendedorismo, tecnologia, colaboraçÃŖo e como criar ideias de negÃŗcios valiosas que ninguÊm estÃĄ desenvolvendo ainda.
The International Coastal Cleanup engages volunteers to remove trash from beaches and waterways around the world in order to identify the sources of debris and pollution and inspire behavioral changes to address those sources. The 2007 ICC was sponsored by major corporations like Coca-Cola, Bank of America, and Oracle as well as environmental foundations focused on species protection and marine sanctuaries.
This white paper presents the Lionbridge view on Web globalization and describes what we believe to be an effective approach to mastering it. We believe that to create and sustain a strong global Web solution, an organization must address each of the four âWeb pillars.â
This presentation is a composite of answers offered by the Linkedin community to my question,"What is your #1 strategy for gaining followers on Twitter?"
explains how businesses can benefit from a carefully considered social media strategy â beginning with the recognition that companies and their products are already being discussed online. The guide shows how you can start to listen to and participate in these discussions, and build trust with your existing and prospective customers.
The Axum civilization had strong influences from Arabia, China, and India due to trade. They were one of the first African kingdoms to use currency, matching their coins to Roman coins. Originally, Axum worshipped Egyptian deities and built tall obelisks, but in 325 AD the king converted to Christianity, making it the dominant religion. Once Christian, Axum allied more with Rome and isolated from the rest of Africa. Axum was also known for constructing tall stelae and castles using dry stone construction without mortar.
The document discusses how companies can use social media to strengthen their brands through employee and customer engagement. It provides an overview of how the traditional brand model is shifting to focus on deeper relationships and brand communities. Specific strategies and best practices are presented for developing a brand-based social media presence, including establishing goals, listening to conversations, empowering employees through guidelines, and encouraging discussions that build the brand.
Ocean Conservancy released its annual report on trash in the ocean based on data from the 2007 International Coastal Cleanup, which found that cigarette butts, plastic cups and food wrappers were among the top 10 debris items collected. The report highlighted the harmful impacts of marine debris on ocean life and that the Coastal Cleanup aims to engage volunteers to remove trash from beaches and waterways worldwide.
Brands in Social Media Report08 090224053849 Phpapp02Elizabeth Lupfer
Â
The immediate future (IF) âbrands in social mediaâ research document, now in its second year, looks to offer topline insight into the growing impact of social media and online conversation on leading brands. Using the Interbrand Top 100 and Millward Brown
BrandZ rankings as reference points, the IF report represents a snapshot (accurate to
June 2008) of online discussions, sentiment and visibility of some of the worldâs largest
brands.
The Role Of Trees in the Bioremediation of Drinking Waterearthseva
Â
The document summarizes a research experiment in Sri Lanka that tested using trees for bioremediation of contaminated drinking water. Trees were planted densely around a drinking well to uptake contaminants through their roots. Native tree species formed a "root mat" in the buffer zone. Additional trees were used as wind breaks and crops were grown organically nearby. Water quality was monitored over time, showing reductions in nitrate, nitrite and other contaminants. The experiment demonstrated that establishing forests can help clean contaminated groundwater in a sustainable way.
Managing tank cascades in the dry zone for Optimum supplyDr. P.B.Dharmasena
Â
Presentation made at the seminar organized
by IEPSL on 19th August 2011 at Waters Edge, Colombo to explain the importance of tank cascade management in sustainable water resources management
Malaysia; Global Warming and Rain Water HarvestingV9X
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1) Climate change and global warming have led to rising temperatures, sea levels, and extreme weather events like floods and droughts around the world according to the IPCC.
2) An estimated 700 million people currently live in water-stressed areas, and that number is projected to rise to over 3 billion by 2025 as populations grow and weather patterns change.
3) Rainwater harvesting techniques can help balance the water cycle, provide local water sources, and mitigate problems from extreme weather by retaining more rainfall on land through watershed management and rooftop collection systems.
The document summarizes an ecosystem restoration project in Jordan that aimed to improve water and food security. It discusses how degraded lands and lack of water threatened sustainability. The project used community-based management of 'Himas' (protected areas), water harvesting techniques, and planting of suitable species. Monitoring showed improved biomass, water retention, species recovery, and forage production. The project demonstrated that proper management can secure water and food even in arid areas with little rain, improving food security and livelihoods.
A review on use of sea water & solar power for agricultural purpose in co...pradip patel
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In Coastal area plants do not grow properly because of the seawater. So to overcome these difficulties, the use of this technique can provide a proper plant growth. The seawater combines a solar desalination system with an environment for cultivating crops in which transpiration is minimized. To provide fresh water we use sunlight, seawater and cooled humid air to supply more sustainable environment condition for cultivation of crops in arid coastal region. This project tries to describe simulation the seawater considering condition of the arid region in district like Kutch (Gujarat) and in many countries like Iran, Oman. With desalination of seawater, it aims to provide sustainable local production of food by combining a growing environment in which water usage is minimized by solar energy. The technique is adapted for farms in arid coastal region that are suffering from salt infected soils and shortages of potable ground water. This technique may produce around 90-95% of total fresh water
This document discusses how trees and forests can help reduce flooding. It provides several ways that vegetation can control floods:
1. Trees intercept rainfall with their canopies, reducing the amount of water reaching the ground by up to 45%. Their roots also absorb water and reinforce riverbanks.
2. Forest soils are better able to absorb and store rainwater due to their open structure and root networks, slowing runoff.
3. Trees and debris in streams increase hydraulic roughness, slowing flood velocities and allowing floodwaters to spread out across floodplains.
4. Maintaining vegetated buffers along waterways provides multiple flood-control benefits like reducing erosion, filtering sediment, and stabilizing banks. The
Nepal's history of water management_Dr. Hari Krishna ShreshthaSaciWATERs
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Nepalâs History of Water Management Institutions: Is there a Role for them in Adapting to
Water Scarcity?
- Dr. Hari Krishna Shrestha, Nepal Engineering College
Global water resources are under increasing pressure from rising populations and changing climate. Most water on Earth is undrinkable saltwater, while freshwater is unevenly distributed and demand is growing. In India, irrigation accounts for 84% of total water usage, far exceeding the global average of 65%. Competing demands for water include agricultural, industrial, residential, and power generation uses. As populations increase, so does water consumption, depleting groundwater supplies. Conservation methods like rainwater harvesting, afforestation, and efficient irrigation can help reduce water demand and promote more sustainable water management.
Water conservation is the practice of using water efficiently to reduce unnecessary water usage. According to Fresh Water Watch, water conservation is important because fresh clean water is a limited resource, as well as a costly one.
Drought conditions in much of the US have led government officials to regulate water use in agriculture through irrigation restrictions. A new technology called the Optimizer treats saline groundwater in order to increase crop yields from irrigating with what would normally be toxic levels of saline water. Field tests show the Optimizer can increase crop production by 18-70% by lowering the saline levels in the soil water available to plants. It does this through a two-step process of introducing a negative charge to the water to increase its adhesion and cohesion, followed by grounding the water to neutralize salts in the soil. This reduces osmotic stress on plants. A trial in California found a 7.5% increase in strawberry yields from
This document discusses drought and was submitted by several students to their professor. It begins by defining drought and then discusses the main causes of drought such as temperature changes, air circulation patterns, soil moisture levels, and the supply and demand of water. It also covers the effects of drought including hunger, disease, wildfires, impacts on wildlife, social conflicts, reduced electricity generation, and migration. Prevention methods involve better water management through interlinking resources, monitoring water levels, changing agricultural practices, and developing water storage. Control measures include prioritizing water use, identifying root zones, irrigation techniques, applying mulch, and checking soil moisture.
CPWF Program Director , Dr Alain Vidal, shows how interdisciplinary research supports the productivity and resilience of social and ecological systems of the world's poorest communities. Specifically how Multiple water uses (MUS), techniques and sources, and its resulting community organization, increase resilience in poor agricultural areas. The ability to adapt and mitigate change - such as economic or climatic change - enables people a better chance to climb out of poverty.
Dr Vidal says the green-to-blue water continuum in water-for-food management for agriculture contributes to this resilience, and should not be overlooked by institutions and groups managing water.
Global Water Challenges: River Basin Management Opportunities and Risks
A presentation by Don Blackmore
(The presentation has been modified from the original version to remove any copyrighted material)
Water Land and Ecosystems
High Level Dialogue New Delhi
3 May 2013
Global Water Challenges: River Basin Management Opportunities and Risks
A presentation by Don Blackmore
(The presentation has been modified from the original version to remove any copyrighted material)
Water Land and Ecosystems
High Level Dialogue New Delhi
3 May 2013
This document discusses how NREGA works can help rural communities adapt to climate change and mitigate its impacts. It notes that over 80% of NREGA works are related to water, land and forestry, which provide local environmental services and climate benefits. Works like water conservation, irrigation, afforestation, and land development can rejuvenate natural resources, sequester carbon, strengthen resilience, and boost agricultural yields. The document advocates using NREGA to promote climate-smart agriculture and expand irrigation potential in rainfed areas to drought-proof smallholder farms. Overall, it argues that by rehabilitating the environment, NREGA works can help rural livelihoods adapt to increasing climate stresses.
This document provides information on various types of natural resources including land, water, and energy resources. It discusses renewable and non-renewable resources. For land resources, it describes land use and land cover, and factors like deforestation, mining, and dam building that can impact the environment. For water resources, it discusses issues like over-utilization, floods, droughts and conflicts over water between regions and nations. It also categorizes different energy sources as renewable (solar, wind, hydro, etc.) and non-renewable (coal, oil, gas, nuclear).
The document discusses water resources and constraints. It notes that while water covers most of the Earth's surface, only 1% is readily available freshwater. There are limited global freshwater supplies and uneven distribution between regions. Rising population growth and increasing development are driving higher water demand, straining scarce resources further. Countries face water constraints and are responding by increasing supplies through various methods like expanding catchment areas, desalination, water recycling, and international agreements. Conservation efforts are also key to sustainably manage limited water supplies.
The Marathwada region of Western India is increasingly vulnerable to climate change impacts like droughts and floods due to factors like erratic rainfall and the El NiÃąo phenomenon. Over the last 5 years, the region has faced continuous drought characterized by inadequate rainfall and crop damage from hailstorms. Groundwater levels have also lowered alarmingly due to overextraction. Initiatives to promote more efficient irrigation techniques, drought-resistant crops, rainwater harvesting, and providing farmers resources and knowledge to adopt risk mitigation measures have been undertaken. Long-term climate modeling predicts increased precipitation variability and drought, posing challenges for sustainable farming. Adaptation measures include efficient water usage, soil conservation, protective irrigation infrastructure, and investment in water-saving
1-Presentation - Food,Water,Energy Nexus in arena of Climate changeKirit Shelat
Â
This document discusses the interconnected challenges of water, energy, and food security, and how addressing them through a nexus approach can help adapt to climate change. It notes increasing global demands for these resources and competition between sectors. A nexus approach seeks coordinated solutions across sectors through policies, planning, and stakeholder engagement. Addressing the drivers of vulnerability in specific sectors can build resilience while providing co-benefits across the nexus, like increasing resource use efficiency and availability. Examples discussed include adopting more efficient irrigation techniques, renewable energy, drought-resistant crops, and managing watersheds and river basins in an integrated way.
- The study examined intraspecific variation in water source use among 56 populations of Aleppo pine (Pinus halepensis) grown in a common garden. Xylem and soil water samples were collected on three different dates representing wet and dry conditions.
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leewayhertz.com-AI in predictive maintenance Use cases technologies benefits ...alexjohnson7307
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5th LF Energy Power Grid Model Meet-up SlidesDanBrown980551
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5th Power Grid Model Meet-up
It is with great pleasure that we extend to you an invitation to the 5th Power Grid Model Meet-up, scheduled for 6th June 2024. This event will adopt a hybrid format, allowing participants to join us either through an online Mircosoft Teams session or in person at TU/e located at Den Dolech 2, Eindhoven, Netherlands. The meet-up will be hosted by Eindhoven University of Technology (TU/e), a research university specializing in engineering science & technology.
Power Grid Model
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For the upcoming meetup we are organizing, we have an exciting lineup of activities planned:
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See how organizational priorities and strategic approaches to data security and privacy are evolving around the globe.
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We believe integration and automation are essential to user experience and the promise of efficient work through technology. Automation is the critical ingredient to realizing that full vision. We develop integration products and services for Bonterra Case Management software to support the deployment of automations for a variety of use cases.
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Interested in deploying letter generation automations for Bonterra Impact Management? Contact us at sales@sidekicksolutionsllc.com to discuss next steps.
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1. A REPORT TO THE
SANGGUNIANG
PANGLALAWIGAN
NG ILOILO
Rainwater Harvesting in IWRM for
Climate Change Adaptation Project
UNEP- IWMC-TAWMB, 2007-2008
By Jessica Calfoforo Salas, Project Manager
7. Rainwater
Potential
Community
Application
Annual Average Rainfall
Dry Season Rainfall
Rainy Season Rainfall
Dry Season Rainfall â 50%
Rainy Seaso Rainfall
+ 50%
Average Annual Rainfall
+/ - 50%
Protect Natural Storage:
Old Growth Forest &
Groundwater
Projections in Sub
Basin 17, 14, 12,
10 and 6
GIS
Maps
Sub-
Basin
Maps
Mianas Micro Watershed:f forested
Upland agriculture: Alimodian,
Cabatuan, Sta. Barbara
Lowland agriculture: Oton
Pavia, Built Up area
Iloilo City, Built up area
PROJECT
CONCEPT
FRAME
WORK
Provide Man-made
storage: in soil & cisterns
12. Maraget Sandstone
aquifer
Recharge Dry
Season Ave540
mm/year or .
054m3
7,781.9 CMD
MIWD DATA
EXTRACTION
2007 =
10,380 CMD
Max. 1 pump capacity @ 20
lps = 15,552 CMD.
Capacity of total present
facility (9 pumps) = 205 lps
Outcrop
area is
52.6 km2
Since MIWD is serving only 24% of the city population, it is
possible that total actual extraction is far more than the
recorded extraction of MIWD.
An example:
13. Ground Water Supply Condition
âAlthough a relatively large amount of deep ground
water exists at the center of the Iloilo plain, its
development has already exceeded the
sustainable level.â p.15 JISRADP study
īŽ Low efficiency in MIWD wells indicates lowering
ground water level (Engr. Calasara, MIWD Operations Manager).
īŽ âIt would be difficult to develop the deep
groundwater in the other area because of its low
potential as investigated by the test well in the
field survey.â p. 18 JISRADP study
īŽ Further studies may be needed to define the
aquifer
14. STORAGE IN
FOREST SOIL
Rain on
Land
Surface
Runoff
Evaporate
Infiltrate
In Sub-surface soil
Through the soil profile
15. Trees at Maasin Watershed 90.6%
survival rate at sub project
16.
17. Issues:
Poor biodiversity
Mono-cropping in large areas:
bamboo, mahogany, gmelina
Accelerated spread of invasive
species
No cutting of harvestable stands in
a plantation-8 to 12 yrs old
Drying of rivers & creeks during
summer & drought
Observations
Today
33-year old plantation
7-12 year old trees
21. Witnesses to a Lost Swamp
Tigbaw, Kagang, Tabun-ak,
Badyang
22. Influence of Ground Cover on Surface Runoff and Soil Loss
Taken from Study on Sediment Condition in the Jaro and Iloilo River
Basins, Iloilo Flood Control Project. , DPWH. Fig. 4.2, p84.â
23. POLICY DIALOGUE AT IWMC
Revisited Assumptions and their
Scientific Bases
24. Reference No. 1.
Fact Sheet, Tree and Forest
(Dept of Environment Conservation, New York State)
īŽ âTrees provide protection for our watersheds.
īŽ The forest floor, to which trees add leaves and decaying
wood, acts as a sponge and store water.
īŽ âIf the forest floor is a SPONGE, a tree is a PUMP that
transpires water into air make rain for the land.
īŽ âA medium-sized tree (40 to 50Ft tall) will drink 10,000
gallons of water from the soil in a growing season.
īŽ âForest soil 36-inches deep can absorb and hold as
much as 18 inches of rain, or nearly 1 million gal per
hectare.
25. īŽ âA medium-sized tree (40 to 50Ft
tall) will drink 10,000 gallons of
water from the soil in a growing
season.
īŽ âBaltimore City Watershed
experimented with converting open
areas to young pine forests. The
result was a decline in water yield of
283,000 gallons per year.
īŽ If the forest floor is a SPONGE, a
tree is a PUMP that transpires water
into air make rain for the land.
26. Reference # 2. Media Release
by Ellen Wilson, Jeff Haskins/ Coimbra Sirica at Business
Communications
īŽ âTrees Overplayed as Solutions to Worldâs Water
Problems, Finds Sweeping Report from UKâs
Tropical Forestry Research Programme
īŽ Misguided Views on Water Management Have
Encouraged Major Investments in Water
Resource Projects that are Ineffective or
Counterproductive, says Report.
īŽ Calls on Policymakers to Design Water Projects
Based on Scientific Evidence of Benefits.â
27. Reference # 3 Internet Posting
http:/www.guardian.co.uk
âResearch Pours Cold Water on
Moisture Conservation Role for
Forests.â
By Tim Radford, science editor
Friday, July 29, 2005, The Guardian
28. Reference # 4: Mallin Falkenmark, âWater
Management and Ecosystemsâ
Living with Change, TEC Background Papers No. 9. Global Water Partnership
Technical Committee.
âMotherhood statements on forests and water which
are against scientific evidence:
Forests increase rainfall â Forests increase runoff â
Forests regulate flows â Forests reduce erosion â
Forests reduce floods.
âA more questioning attitude is advised. The
challenge of Adaptive Management is to uphold
two incompatible imperatives: Respect the
ecosystem imperative and commit to a set of
human livelihood imperativesâ
29. Reference # 5 â Watershed Magazine, Jan-June,
2005 âFlip flop Hydrologyâ by Albert Nauta
Expert meeting led by Director Romeo T. Acosta
(FMB-DENR, ) drafted joint statements which
included:
īŽ âPlantation forestry or forest regeneration on
grassland or crop will greatly reduce annual
water yields (approx 400-700 mm/yr) due to their
high water use.
īŽ âForest clearing leads to increased annual water
yield but seriously impairs infiltration
opportunities. This is due to gradual soil
degradation or extensive compacted areas.
30. Reference 6: GWP TEC # 9
īŽ Terrestrial ecosystems consumed 2/3 of the
rainfall over the continents, a total of 71,000
km3/year and temperate and tropical
forests/woodlands consume 40,000km3 of
this or 56%. Other areas consuming rain are
croplands, grasslands, swamps and
marshes, tundra and desert and other
systems.
31. Reference # 7. Calder, The Blue Revolution:
Land Use and Water Resources Management.
Earthscam, London, UK, 1999
īŽ The perception that forests are good for the
water environment and for water resources
has grown out of observation that linked land
degradation with less forest and rehabilitation
and conservation with more forest.
Reference # 8. Savanije, âNew Definition for
Moisture Recycling and Relationships with Land-
Use Changes in the Sahelâ Journal of Hydrology,
1995.
32. Recommendations to Enhance
Storage in Natural ForestīŽ Understand forest soil
īŽ Use natural Regeneration
īŽ Assisted natural regeneration
īŽ Rainforestation
īŽ Protect biological diversity
īŽ Protect forest from exotic and invasive
species
īŽ Create buffer zones
īŽ Study erosion pattern, protect rivers
34. Steps Taken
Rainwater Harvesting Project UNEP &
IWMC-TAWMB
īŽ GIS Mapping/ study of the rainfall and the
land characteristics of the watershed
īŽ Stakeholdersâ assembly and planning
īŽ Identification of demonstration areas for
rainwater harvesting
īŽ Integration of rainwater harvesting in the
municipal and provincial development plans.
35.
36.
37.
38.
39.
40.
41. Demo for
Lowland
agriculture
Demo for
artificial
recharge
Demo for forest
enhancement
Demo for
upland
agriculture
Demo for
household
storage
Demo for
Forested Area
Demo for
Household
Storage
Demo for
Upland
Storage
Demo for
Lowland
Storage
Demo for
Built Up
Area
Storage
42. RWH Applications for the
Maasin Watershed to Mitigate
Impact of Exotic Tree Plantation
43. A Watershed Planted with Exotic Trees
May take 20 years for trees to stabilize and trees may stop drinking much water
but no storage in forest soil may be formed due to inability of organisms to decay
exotic leaves. (University of Minnesota, Cornell University & ESSC (Ateneo
University opinions). Fast growing exotic species mature and die in 15 to 20 yrs
44. Plantation creates dry soil. Rainwater ponds could help enrich soil and
help growing trees in commercial plantation
Water pits
47. Camilo Sacupon
Rainfed farm:
Yield â 120 sacks/cropping x 3
cropping or 6 tons a year for 2
hectares. NIA average is 3.3
tons/hectare
With 1,250 m2 mother tank and
100 m2 daughter tank, water can
support 3 cropping of rice in a 2
ha. service area.
48. Andres Calfoforo Jr.
Yield of 1.5 ha., 120 sacks /
ha. or 6 tons for 1.5 hectares
With 2,500 sq.m pond, water
can support 3 croppings of
rice and other selected crops
such as pepper, tomatoes,
etc.
NIAâs cost to provide irrigation to
1 hectare of riceland is
P250,000 to P600,000 / hectare
52. Potential Benefits of Integrating
Rainwater Harvesting
īŽ Retains and stores rainwater during rainy season
īŽ Helps mitigate flooding: urban & rural
īŽ Reduces use of processed public system water
īŽ Reduces use of river stream flow to allow
downstream use
īŽ Recharges shallow ground water
īŽ A tool for managing water demand
54. Extreme weather; major disasters
īŽ Increase in frequency and magnitude
īŽ 76% of the 100-year flood events
occurred during the last half of the
century
īŽ Cost of direct damage increased 5 times
since 1980
īŽ Drought areas on earth surface doubled
from 1970 to 2000.
56. The most vulnerable ones
īŽ Are those in developing countries, because of
īą High poverty level
īą Poor financial resources
īą High dependence on ecosystem functions for
livelihood:
īŽ Agriculture
īŽ Fishing
īŽ Tourism
īą Weak institutions
īą Limited awareness re. Climate Risk Resiliency
īą High prevalence of communicable diseases (HIV,
TB)
57. Philippinesâ Inherent Vulnerability to
Extreme Weather Variability
īŽ Geographical location â an archipelago in a ring
of fire
īŽ Large mountainous terrain
īŽ Narrow coastal plain
īŽ Interior valleys
UNDP Report on disaster:
īŽ Philippines is highest in # of tropical cyclones
with average of 20 cyclones a year.
īŽ Third highest in terms of people impact
58. Impact of Typhoon Frank on the
natural resources of the Tigum-
Aganan Watershed
īŽ Leon â total eroded land is 660 m with 30-40
m high
īą Wells covered with soil
īą Aganan River changed course
īŽ San Miguel
īą 800 meters length, eroded land, 2-6 m wide
īŽ Pavia
īą Household water resources contaminated
59. īŽ Maasin
īą Waterfalls eroded, 3 hectares wide
īą River embankment erosion, 300 m long
īą River width 50 m.widened
īą 30,000 trees damaged in plantation
īą Creeks damaged, decreasing 20% surface water
supply
īą Observation that terraced farms have less
damage
60. How may RWCS help communities
adapt to climate variability
īŽ User has to manage demand (discipline in use of water)
īŽ Low cost
īŽ Adaptable to individual situation, needed in extreme
weather variability.
īŽ Control of ownâs resources
īŽ Encourages total community involvement
īŽ Protects river & ground water ecosystems
īŽ Green house gas contribution is 50% less compared
with urban piped water system/ lesser than centralized
irrigation system
īŽ
62. Steps in the
integration
process:
1. TAWMB Planning to integrate rainwater harvesting
recommendations to the TigumAganan Watershed Management
Plan.
2. Approval of the ammended Watershed Management Plan 2008-
2010 by the Tigum-Aganan Watershed Management Board.
3. Municipal Planning Workshops in 5 municipalities to integrate
stakeholdersâ recommendations in the municipal development
plan.
4. Approval of the Municipal Development Plan and the Annual
Investment Plan
64. Surface Water â Storage in the Forest
īŽ Restoration of damaged areas in the forest
(slopes and riverbanks).
īŽ Restoration of endemic species and biodiversity
at the Maasin Watershed
īŽ Soil enhancement in afforested areas and agro-
forestry areas.
īŽ Use of appropriate farming methods, especially in
the upland.
īŽ Institutional support: ordinances, sustainable
upkeep of the upland through payment for
environmental services
65. Ground Water Storage
īŽ Inventory and monitor ground water
extraction
īŽ Limit sealed areas as part of CLUP
īŽ Pre-decision as to the volume of ground
water to be used/ extracted
īŽ Use artificial ground water recharge, where
needed, provide incentives and create a
TWG to implement program
īŽ Institutional Support â IEC, ordinances,
creation of a Ground Water TWG at IWMC
66. Rainwater Harvesting
īŽ Integrate rainwater harvesting in municipal and
provincial development plan
īŽ Create a program to promote and provide fund for
rainwater harvesting in government buildings.
īŽ Require rainwater facilities for all new buildings as
part of permit requirement.
īŽ Require upland farms to use appropriate farming
methods to control erosion, particularly use of
terraces and ponds
īŽ Encourage farmers and provide incentives to use
rainwater ponds to irrigate their farms.
īŽ Integrate Rainwater Harvesting in water and
sanitation programs to provide water to households
in rural and remote areas