SUSTAINABLE WATERSHED MANAGEMENT: AN ESSENTIAL COMPONENT OF INTEGRATED WATER MANAGEMENT, BY: A.ELMAJOUDI, Water, Soil Conservation and Forests Protection Division (HCEFLCD- MOROCCO), Land and Water Days in Near East & North Africa, 15-18 December 2013, Amman, Jordan

1. SUSTAINABLE WATERSHED
SUSTAINABLE WATERSHED
MANAGEMENT: AN
MANAGEMENT: AN
ESSENTIAL COMPONENT OF
ESSENTIAL COMPONENT OF
INTEGRATED WATER
INTEGRATED WATER
MANAGEMENT
MANAGEMENT
BY: A.ELMAJOUDI
BY: A.ELMAJOUDI
Water, Soil Conservation
Water, Soil Conservation
and Forests
and ForestsNear East and North Africa Land & Water Days
Near East
Protection Division and North Africa Land & Water Days
Protection Division
15-18 December
15-18 December
(HCEFLCD- MOROCCO) 2013, Amman, Jordan
(HCEFLCD- MOROCCO) 2013, Amman, Jordan

2. PRESENTATION OUTLINE
1.
Water Ressources in Morocco:
 Limited Potentiel
 Main constraints
 Major challenges facing
2. National Watershed Management Plan
3. Conclsions
 Main achievements
 Principal learning

3. 1
W
ater Ressources in
M
orocco

4. 1
W
ater Ressources in
M
orocco
-10 m
Potential under a great demand :
Alarming drop in the majority of the ground
water
Climat change:(extreme events)
 Frequent droughts: 20 periods during the
past 35 years,
Long durations up to 5 year
-30
-50
-70
1982 1985 1988
1991
1994 1997
2000 2003
2006
Reduction of Souss groundwater level 60 m in 24 years
Reduction of Souss groundwater level 60 m in 24 years
Rainfall deficits sometimes exceeding
60%
 Frequent floods :
Serious floods in urban and rural areas with
human and material damages
Decrease in rainfall by 40% by the year 2080
Importance of dams for water regulation, storage, and floods mitigation
Importance of dams for water regulation, storage, and floods mitigation

5. 1
W
ater Ressources in
M
orocco
Soil Erosion
Multiple causes:
 Natural factors: weakness of vegetable cover, Climatic
aggressiveness, steeply sloping relief;
 Human factors : Overgrazing, deforestation, improper
agricultural practices.
Heavy consequences:
11 Million ha threatened by water erosion;
 Soil loss (500 t/Km2/year
in the Atlas and more than
5,000t/Km2/year in Rif);
 Diminution of the soil productivity;
 Loss of dams water storage capacity by more than 75
Million m3/year;
Loss of 10% in capacity of dam reservoirs,
 Water quality deterioration.
1500
1400
Perte en retenues de barrages (millions m3)
1000
895
475
500
155
0
5
1950
50
1960
1970
1980
1990
2000

6. Some types of Soil Erosion
Runoff and soil loss

7. Overgrazing and overexploitation of forests
Serious consequences on water
resources and soil both in upstream
and in downstream

8. Major challenges facing

9. NATIONAL WATERSHED MANAGEMENT PLAN
The Watershed Management at the dams upstream : main
component of integrated water management

10. NATIONAL WATERSHED MANAGEMENT PLAN
Intervention Priorities per
watershed area:
- 22 Watershed;
- 1,5 million ha over 20 years;
- 75 000 ha/ ha/year,
1.1. Mohamed V
Mohamed V
2.2. El Wahda
El Wahda
3.3. Hassan 1er
Hassan 1er
4.4. My Youssef
My Youssef
5.5. O. Makhazin
O. Makhazin
6.6. Idriss 1er
Idriss 1er
7.7. Allal El Fassi
Allal El Fassi
8.8. El Kansera
El Kansera
9.9. Bin El Ouidane
Bin El Ouidane
10. Mansour Eddahbi
10. Mansour Eddahbi
11. Med A. Khattabi
11. Med A. Khattabi
12. Lalla Takerkoust
12. Lalla Takerkoust
13. Med B. Abdellah
13. Med B. Abdellah
14.Youssef B.Tach
14.Youssef B.Tach
15. Aoulouz
15. Aoulouz
16.Al Massira
16.Al Massira
17. Hassan Eddakhil
17. Hassan Eddakhil
18. Ibn Batouta
18. Ibn Batouta
19. Nakhla
19. Nakhla
20. Abdelmoumen
20. Abdelmoumen
21. El Hachef
21. El Hachef
22. Mellah
22. Mellah

11. NATIONAL WATERSHED MANAGEMENT PLAN
Management Plans elaborated for 18
Management Plans elaborated for 18
watershed (6.640.000 ha)
watershed (6.640.000 ha)
Ongoing Watershed projects in 18
Ongoing Watershed projects in 18
Actions of protective plantations, pastoral and forest
Actions of protective plantations, pastoral and forest
areas development , ,treatment of erosion
areas development treatment of erosion
concentrated areas and supporting infrastructure
concentrated areas and supporting infrastructure

12. Biological Treatment

13. Mechanical treatment

14. THE WATERSHED MANAGEMENT NEW APPROACH
Evaluation to promote exchange and
dissemination of
experiences in the
implementation of watershed management
projects executed from 1990 to 2000 to
develop a new generation programs and
development projects.
Ongoing interregional programme for poverty alleviation and combating
desertification through collaborative watershed management: Ecuador, Morocco and
Mauritania

15. Strategies and policies at horizontal and sectoral levels
contributing to watershed management
Sectoral level
Sectoral level
F orests
National Forest Plan
 Decennial program
Development plan for protected areas
 Master reforestation plan
Master plan of action against forest fires
 Plan forestier national
Water
 integrated water resources
management director Plan
 National Water Plan
Agriculture
Green Morocco Plan, Pillar 2: fair
agriculture
Pasture: pasture Strategy Development
Horizontal and integrator
Horizontal and integrator



National Action Plan for the Environment
National Action Programme to combat
against desertification
Integrated Rural Development Strategy 2020
Implementation Instruments
Implementation Instruments
 Laws: Water Law…
 Fund for Agricultural Development;
 Fund for Rural Development;
 National Forest Fund;
 Technical and financial cooperation,

16. SUSTAINABLE WATERSHED MANAGEMENT
 Mitigation of erosion and floods events (Ourika, Sefrou, El Hajeb ...)
 Organization of the populations and emergence of a local development
dynamics
 Involvement of development stakeholders (institutions, NGOs, CL) in a
conventional setting and exchange of knowledge and experience;
 Capacity building of actors / appropriation of the participatory approach.

17. SUSTAINABLE WATERSHED MANAGEMENT
Promoting sustainable watershed management requires:

An inclusive approach involving all stakeholders and oriented towards the long
term without forgetting local population short term needs;

Strengthening and synchronization of sectoral action to better integrate local and
regional programs

The adaptation funding mechanisms with the requirements of the participative
approach
Implementation of aaregional project with the support of FAO to the operationalize the
Implementation of regional project with the support of FAO to the operationalize the
new Watershed magt approach; and ongoing negotiations with KFW for
new Watershed magt approach; and ongoing negotiations with KFW for
implementation of an integrated water management in aa pilot watershed, involving aa
implementation of an integrated water management in pilot watershed, involving
continuous process of dialogue between stakeholders.
continuous process of dialogue between stakeholders.

18. ‫المشاريع التنموية‬
SUSTAINABLE WATERSHED MANAGEMENT