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BIM

The document discusses Building Information Modeling (BIM) technology, outlining its capabilities in creating digital representations of building components that carry computable attributes and facilitate intelligent manipulation. It details the implementation steps, applications, and benefits of BIM for various stakeholders such as owners, architects, contractors, and subcontractors, emphasizing its role in improving collaboration, reducing errors, and optimizing project delivery. Additionally, it highlights the advantages of BIM in enhancing building performance, cost estimation, and energy efficiency throughout the design and construction processes.

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0 BIM BUILDING INFORMATION MODELING
1 TABLE OF CONTENTS
6 INTRODUCTION
7 WHAT IS BIM TECHNOLOGY? Building components that are represented with digital representations (objects) that carry computable graphic and data attributes that identify them to software applications, as well as parametric rules that allow them to be manipulated in an intelligent fashion Components that include data that describe how they behave, as needed for analyses and work processes, for example, take off, specification, and energy analysis Consistent and non redundant data such that changes to component data are represented in all views of the component and the assemblies of which it is a part Coordinated data such that all views of a model are represented in a coordinated way. “BIM is a modeling technology and associated set of processes to produce, communicate, and analyse building models”    
8 WHAT IS NOT BIM TECHNOLOGY? Models that contain 3D data only and no (or few) object attributes Models with no support of behaviour Models that are composed of multiple 2D CAD reference files that must be combined to define the building Models that allow changes to dimensions in one view that are not automatically reflected in other views    
9 BIM IMPLIMENTATION STEPS PROGRAM DESIGN CONSTRUCT DEPLOY Generic BIM Guide Product–Specific BIM Guides BIM Creation BIM Exchange and Data Validation BIM Data Reuse and Extension Project Agreement Requirements Workgroup Formation Process Map Exchange Requirements and Business Rules Exchange Requirement Models Generic Model View Definition Model View Definition and Implementation Specifications Facilitate SW Product Implementation and Certification Standard Requirements Standard Design Implementation in Software Use in Industry o Interest groups form, locate resources and/or define a new need. o Process description, and o Required, optional and variable data required at each exchange as agreed by experienced subject–matter experts. o Common grouping of date. o Non–software–specific description of how data grouping to be managed by applications. o Very specific association of data to specific version of IFC. o NBIMS works with software vendors who implement technical exchange definition into their software, and o Assist in getting software products tested. o Individual parties to contracts agree on BIM function to be provided using BIM Guides that are not product–specific. o Project parties create BIMs using Certified software & product- specific BIM Guides, content are checked using validation software. o BIM construction and data content are checked using validation software. o BIMs are used for many purposes by certified software. ProductsSteps
10 BIM APPLICATION Design Construction BIM Applications Post-Construction (Asset Mgmt. BIM Application) Concept Design Design Documentation (Generic Components) Construction Level Detailed Components As-Built with Operational Data FromConceptiontoRealisation FacilityStart-uptooperationandretrofit Increasinglevelofdetailinmodel Increasing level of scope by component type and integration Building Information Modelling Components (objects) Pro-forma Analysis Scenario Exploration Program Compliance Building Performance Operation Simulation (Emergency) Code Compliance Estimation Coordination Schedule Prefabrication Configuration (pre-sales) As-built Commissioning Facility Management Financial Asset Management Operation Simulation (Emergency) Performance Monitoring Configuration (retrofit) Masses Spaces Site Spaces Architectural Structural MEP Manufactured / Prefabricated Components Custom, Onsite Components Custom Asset Objects Sensor-Linked Components Example of associate purpose of BIM (application) with scope and level of detail Feasibility Through Operation
11 BIM STANDARD WORKFLOW Capture Program Requirements Excel BIM Storm Revit Sketchup 3D Rendering Revit, 3D Max Program Validation Revit, Excel MEP System Development Revit Building System Modeling Revit, 3D Max Material Schedules Revit Animation Walkthru 3D Max System Prototyping Revit, 3D Max Design Bid Docs Revit, Autocad, MEP, Civil, 3D Max Specifications E-Specs Submittal Review & Doc. in BIM Revit, Civil, 3D, Bentley, Projectwise? RFI Response, Design Change Documentation Revit, Projectwise? Operations Programming and Pre-Design Competitive Evaluation Process Design Phase Construction
12 USERS OF BIM
13 BIM FOR OWNERS AND FACILITY MANAGERS(1/2) Owners can realize significant benefits on projects by using BIM processes and tools to streamline the delivery of higher quality and better performing buildings. BIM facilitates collaboration between project participants, reducing errors and field changes and leading to a more efficient and reliable delivery process that reduces project time and cost. Increase Building Performance Through BIM-based energy and lighting design and analysis to improve overall building performance Reduce the Financial Risk Associated with the project using the BIM model to obtain earlier and more reliable cost estimates and improved collaboration of the project team Shorten Project Schedule From approval to completion by using building models to coordinate and prefabricate design with reduced field labour time Obtain Reliable and Accurate Cost Estimates Through automatic quantity take-off from the building model, providing feedback earlier in a project when decisions will have the greatest impact Assure Program Compliance Through automatic quantity take-off from the building model, providing feedback earlier in a project when decisions will have the greatest impact Optimize Facility Management and Maintenance By exporting relevant as-built building and equipment information to start the systems that will be used over the lifecycle of the facility
14 BIM FOR OWNERS AND FACILITY MANAGERS(2/2) Owner’s Building Information Model Type of Model Information Purpose Spaces and functions To support program compliance and facility management. In a typical design process, the spatial information is defined to meet program compliance and support code-checking analysis. These are critical for program compliance and use of the BIM for facility management. Performance specifications for HVAC and other facility operation equipment To support commissioning activities such as performance specifications As-built schedule and cost information For post-construction analysis and tracking as well as data for future forecasting Manufactured product information To budget and schedule maintenance Financial asset management data For replacement costs and time periods and assessment information Emergency information To plan and prepare for evacuation and other emergency crises Activity status To monitor and track progress of design, construction, or maintenance activities Sensor data To monitor building sensors and real-time control of building systems
15 BIM FOR ARCHITECTS AND ENGINEERS (1/2) By partially automating the detailing of construction-level building models, BIM redistributes the allocation of effort, placing more emphasis on conceptual design. Other direct benefits include easy methods guaranteeing consistency across all drawings and reports, automating spatial interference checking, providing a strong base for interfacing analysis/simulation/cost applications and enhancing visualization/ communication at all scales and phases of the project. Conceptual Design Addresses The conceptual and spatial organization of the project and determines its parti. BIM potentially makes easier generation of complex building shells and potentially supports more thorough exploration and assessment of preliminary design, but the workflows to support this are only partially in place. The Integration of Engineering Services BIM supports new information workflows and integrates them more closely with existing simulation and analysis tools used by consultants. Construction-level Modeling Includes detailing, specifications, and cost estimation. This is the base strength of BIM. This phase also addresses what potentially can be achieved through a collaborative design-construction process, such as with design-build and Integrated Project Delivery (IPD).
16 BIM FOR ARCHITECTS AND ENGINEERS (2/2) Due to its ability to automate standard forms of detailing, BIM significantly reduces the amount of time required for producing construction documents. Figure 5–1 illustrates the general relationship between design effort and time, indicating how effort is traditionally distributed (line 3) and how it can be redistributed as a result of BIM (line 4). This revision aligns effort more closely with the value of decisions made during the design and build process (line 1) and the growth in the cost of making changes within the project lifetime (line 2). The chart emphasizes the impact of early design decisions on the overall functionality, costs, and benefits of a building project. The fee structure in some projects is already changing to reflect the value of decisions made during schematic design and the decreased effort required for producing construction documents. The change in distribution of effort also makes assumptions about delivery method and contracting. Time Ability to impact cost and functional capabilities Cost of design changes Traditional design process Preferred design process PD SD DD CD PR CA OP Effort/Effect PD: Pre-design SD: Schematic design DD: Design development CD: Construction documentation PR: Procurement CA: Construction Administration OP: Operation
17 BIM FOR CONTRACTORS (1/2) By using BIM tools, architects are potentially able to provide models earlier in the procurement process that contractors can use for estimating, coordination, construction planning, fabrication, procurement, and other functions. At a minimum, the contractor can use this model to quickly add detailed information. To permit these capabilities, ideally a building model would provide contractors with the following types of information Detailed building information Contained in an accurate 3D model that provides graphic views of a building’s components comparable to that shown in typical construction drawings and with the ability to extract quantity and component property information. Temporary components To represent equipment, formwork, and other temporary components that are critical to the sequencing and planning of the project. Specification information associated with each building component With links to textual specifications for every component that the contractor must purchase or construct. This information is needed for procurement, installation, and commissioning. Analysis data related to performance levels and project requirements Such as structural loads, connection reactions and maximum expected moments and shear, heating and cooling loads for tonnage of HVAC systems, targeted luminance levels, and the like. This data is for procurement, fabrication, and MEP detailing. Design and construction status Of each component to track and validate the progress of components relative to design, procurement, installation, and testing (if relevant). This data is added to the model by the contractor.
18 BIM FOR CONTRACTORS (2/2) BIM process flow for a project where the contractor builds the construction model from 2D drawings and then uses it for quantity take-off, construction planning and clash detection Process flow for a project, where the architect and other designers and subcontractors use 3D modeling tools (or have a consultant develop a 3D model from 2D drawings) and contribute to a shared 3D model. 2D paper drawings from design/ engineering team Contractor or consultant builds/updates BIM 3D model 3D model/BIM BIM Visualizations for owner and project stakeholders Construction planning and scheduling Trade coordination Quantity take-off 2D paper drawings from design/ engineering team Contractor or consultant builds/updates BIM Shared 3D/ BIM model Visualizations for owner and project stakeholders Construction planning and scheduling Trade coordination Quantity take-off Contractor or consultant integrates models 3D/BIM Models from Project team
19 BIM FOR SUBCONTRACTORS AND FABRICATORS For subcontractors and fabricators, BIM supports the whole collaborative process of design development, detailing, and integration. In many recorded cases, BIM has been leveraged to enable greater degrees of prefabrication than was possible without it, by shortening lead times and deepening design integration. Marketing and Tendering BIM technology aids engineers in all three of these areas: developing multiple alternatives, detailing solutions to a reasonable degree, and measuring quantities. Reduced Production Cycle Times The use of BIM signifi cantly reduces the time required to generate shop drawings and material take-offs for procurement. Reduced Design Coordination Errors BIM offers numerous technical benefits that improve design coordination at all stages. Of particular interest to fabricators is the ability to create integrated models of potentially conflicting systems at production-detail levels. Lower Engineering and Detailing Costs Through the increased use of automated design and analysis software, Almost fully automated production of drawings and material take-offs and Reduced rework due to enhanced quality control and design coordination Increased Use of Automated Manufacturing Technologies BIM platforms model every part of a building using meaningful and computable objects, and so provide information from which the data forms required for controlling automated machinery can be extracted with relative ease. Increased Preassembly and Prefabrication By removing or drastically reducing the overhead effort required to produce shop drawings, BIM platforms make it economically feasible for companies to prefabricate a greater variety of pieces for any building project
20 BENEFITS OF BIM
21 RESPONSE TO THE INCREASING PRESSURE BIM technology and associated processes can help to respond to the increasing pressures on a building over its lifecycle. BIM Increased Pressures on the Building Process Reduced time for Design and construction Reduced cost for Design and construction Increased complexity of design Sustainable design & construction Reduced Cost for energy use Improved Building performance Reduced construction cost and time
22 PRECONSTRUCTION BENEFITS TO OWNER CONCEPT, FEASIBILITY AND DESIGN BENEFITS: Before owners engage an architect, it is necessary to determine whether a building of a given size, quality level, and desired program requirements can be built within a given cost and time budget. In other words, can a given building meet the financial requirements of an owner? If these questions can be answered with relative certainty, owners can then proceed with the expectation that their goals are achievable. Finding out that a particular design is significantly over budget after a considerable amount of time and effort has been expended is wasteful. An approximate (or “macro”) building model built into and linked to a cost database can be of tremendous value and assistance to an owner. INCREASED BUILDING PERFORMANCE AND QUALITY: Developing a schematic model prior to generating a detailed building model allows for a more careful evaluation of the proposed scheme to determine whether it meets the building’s functional and sustainable requirements. Early evaluation of design alternatives using analysis/simulation tools increases the overall quality of the building. IMPROVED COLLABORATION USING INTEGRATED PROJECT DELIVERY: When the owner uses Integrated Project Delivery (IPD) for project procurement, BIM can be used by the project team from the beginning of the design to improve their understanding of project requirements and to extract cost estimates as the design is developed. This allows design and cost to be better understood and also avoids the use of paper exchange and its associated delays.
23 DESIGN BENEFITS (1/2) EARLIER AND MORE ACCURATE VISUALIZATIONS OF A DESIGN: The 3D model generated by the BIM software is designed directly rather than being generated from multiple 2D views. It can be used to visualize the design at any stage of the process with the expectation that it will be dimensionally consistent in every view. AUTOMATIC LOW-LEVEL CORRECTIONS WHEN CHANGES ARE MADE: If the objects used in the design are controlled by parametric rules that ensure proper alignment, then the 3D model will be free of geometry, alignment, and spatial coordination errors. This reduces the user’s need to manage design changes. GENERATION OF ACCURATE AND CONSISTENT 2D DRAWINGS: Accurate and consistent drawings can be extracted for any set of objects or specified view of the project. This significantly reduces the amount of time and number of errors associated with generating construction drawings for all design disciplines. When changes to the design are required, fully consistent drawings can be generated as soon as the design modifications are entered. EARLIER COLLABORATION OF MULTIPLE DESIGN DISCIPLINES: Accurate and consistent drawings can be extracted for any set of objects or specified view of the project. This significantly reduces the amount of time and number of errors associated with generating construction drawings for all design disciplines. When changes to the design are required, fully consistent drawings can be generated as soon as the design modifications are entered.
24 DESIGN BENEFITS (2/2) EASY VERIFICATION OF CONSISTENCY TO THE DESIGN INTENT: BIM provides earlier 3D visualizations and quantifies the area of spaces and other material quantities, allowing for earlier and more accurate cost estimates. For technical buildings (labs, hospitals, and the like), the design intent is often defined quantitatively, and this allows a building model to be used to check for these requirements. For qualitative requirements (this space should be near another), the 3D model also can support automatic evaluations. EXTRACTION OF COST ESTIMATES DURING THE DESIGN STAGE: At any stage of the design, BIM technology can extract an accurate bill of quantities and spaces that can be used for cost estimation. In the early stages of a design, cost estimates are based either on formulas that are keyed to significant project quantities, for example, number of parking spaces, square feet of office areas of various types, or unit costs per square foot. As the design progresses, more detailed quantities are available and can be used for more accurate and detailed cost estimates. It is possible to keep all parties aware of the cost implications associated with a given design before it progresses to the level of detailing required of construction bids. At the final stage of design, an estimate based on the quantities for all the objects contained within the model allows for the preparation of a more accurate final cost estimate. As a result, it is possible to make better-informed design decisions regarding costs using BIM rather than a paper-based system. When using BIM for cost estimates, it is clearly desirable to have the general contractor and possibly key trade contractors who will be responsible for building the structure, as part of the project team. Their knowledge is required for accurate cost estimates and constructability insights during the design process. IMPROVEMENT OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY AND SUSTAINABILITY: Linking the building model to energy analysis tools allows evaluation of energy use during the early design phases. This is not practical using traditional 2D tools because of the time required to prepare the relevant input. If applied at all, energy analysis is performed at the end of the 2D design process as a check or a regulatory requirement, thus reducing the opportunities for modifications that could improve the building’s energy performance. The capability to link the building model to various types of analysis tools provides many opportunities to improve building quality.
25 CONSTRUCTION AND FABRICATION BENEFITS(1/2) USE OF DESIGN MODEL AS BASIS FOR FABRICATED COMPONENTS: If the design model is transferred to a BIM fabrication tool and detailed to the level of fabrication objects (shop model), it will contain an accurate representation of the building objects for fabrication and construction. Because components are already defined in 3D, their automated fabrication using numerical control machinery is facilitated. Such automation is standard practice today in steel fabrication and some sheet metal work. It has been used successfully in precast components, fenestration, and glass fabrication. This allows vendors worldwide to elaborate on the model, to develop details needed for fabrication, and to maintain links that reflect the design intent. This facilitates offsite fabrication and reduces cost and construction time. The accuracy of BIM also allows larger components of the design to be fabricated offsite than would normally be attempted using 2D drawings, due to the likely need for onsite changes (rework) and the inability to predict exact dimensions until other items are constructed in the field. It also allows smaller installation crews, faster installation time, and less onsite storage space. QUICK REACTION TO DESIGN CHANGES: The impact of a suggested design change can be entered into the building model and changes to the other objects in the design will automatically update. Some updates will be made automatically based on the established parametric rules. Additional cross-system updates can be checked and updated visually or through clash detection. The consequences of a change can be accurately reflected in the model and all subsequent views of it. In addition, design changes can be resolved more quickly in a BIM system because modifications can be shared, visualized, estimated, and resolved without the use of time-consuming paper transactions. Updating in this manner is extremely error-prone in paper-based systems. DISCOVERY OF DESIGN ERRORS BEFORE CONSTRUCTION: Because the virtual 3D building model is the source for all 2D and 3D drawings, design errors caused by inconsistent 2D drawings are eliminated. In addition, because models from all disciplines can be brought together and compared, multisystem interfaces are easily checked both systematically (for hard and clearance clashes) and visually (for other kinds of errors). Conflicts and constructability problems are identified before they are detected in the field. Coordination among participating designers and contractors is enhanced and errors of omission are significantly reduced. This speeds the construction process, reduces costs, minimizes the likelihood of legal disputes, and provides a smoother process for the entire project team.
26 CONSTRUCTION AND FABRICATION BENEFITS(2/2) SYNCHRONIZATION OF DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION PLANNING: Construction planning using 4D CAD requires linking a construction plan to the 3D objects in a design, so that it is possible to simulate the construction process and show what the building and site would look like at any point in time. This graphic simulation provides considerable insight into how the building will be constructed day-by-day and reveals sources of potential problems and opportunities for possible improvements (site, crew and equipment, space conflicts, safety problems, and so forth). This type of analysis is not available from paper bid documents. It does, however, provide added benefit if the model includes temporary construction objects such as shoring, scaffolding, cranes, and other major equipment so that these objects can be linked to schedule activities and reflected in the desired construction plan. BETTER IMPLEMENTATION OF LEAN CONSTRUCTION TECHNIQUES: Lean construction techniques require careful coordination between the general contractor and all subs to ensure that work can be performed when the appropriate resources are available onsite. This minimizes wasted effort and reduces the need for onsite material inventories. Because BIM provides an accurate model of the design and the material resources required for each segment of the work, it provides the basis for improved planning and scheduling of subcontractors and helps to ensure just-in-time arrival of people, equipment, and materials. This reduces cost and allows for better collaboration at the jobsite. The model can also be used with wireless hand-held computers to facilitate material tracking, installation progress, and automated positioning in the field. SYNC. OF PROCUREMENT WITH DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION: The complete building model provides accurate quantities for all (or most, depending upon the level of 3D modeling) of the materials and objects contained within a design. These quantities, specifications, and properties can be used to procure materials from product vendors and subcontractors (such as precast concrete subs). At the present time (2010), the object definitions for many manufactured products have not yet been developed to make this capability a complete reality. However, when the models have been available (steel members, precast concrete members, some mechanical components, some windows and doors), the results have been very beneficial.
27 POST CONSTRUCTION BENEFITS IMPROVED COMMISSIONING AND HANDOVER OF FACILITY INFO.: During the construction process the general contractor and MEP contractors collect information about installed materials and maintenance information for the systems in the building. This information can be linked to the object in the building model and thus be available for handover to the owner for use in their facility management systems. It also can be used to check that all the systems are working as designed before the building is accepted by the owner. BETTER MANAGEMENT AND OPERATION OF FACILITIES: The building model provides a source of information (graphics and specifications) for all systems used in a building. Previous analyses used to determine mechanical equipment, control systems, and other purchases can be provided to the owner, as a means for verifying the design decisions once the building is in use This information can be used to check that all systems work properly after the building is completed. INTEGRATION WITH FACILITY OPERATION AND MGMT. SYSTEMS: A building model that has been updated with all changes made during construction provides an accurate source of information about the as-built spaces and systems and provides a useful starting point for managing and operating the building. A building information model supports monitoring of real- time control systems, provides a natural interface for sensors, and remote operating management of facilities. Many of these capabilities have not yet been developed, but BIM provides an ideal platform for their deployment.
28 The Future: Building with BIM
29 BIM PROCESS AND TECHNOLOGY TRENDS Process Trends Technology Trends o Owners are demanding BIM and changing contract terms to enable its use. o New skills and roles are developing. o A recent survey showed that the proportion of “very heavy” BIM users among all respondents grew from 34 percent in 2008 to 45 percent in 2009. o Successful implementations in construction have led to corporatewide uptake by general contractors. o The benefits of integrated practice are receiving wide review and being tested intensively in practice. o Standards efforts are gathering steam. o Green building is increasingly demanded by clients. o BIM and 4D CAD tools have become common tools in large construction site offices. o Automated checking for code conformance and constructability using building information models is becoming available. o Major BIM platform vendors are adding functionality and integrating design assessment capabilities, providing even richer platforms for use. o Vendors are increasingly expanding their scope and providing discipline-specific BIM tools. o Building product manufacturers are beginning to provide parametric 3D catalogs. o BIM tools with construction management functions are increasingly available. o BIM is encouraging prefabrication for increasingly complex building subassemblies, which can be procured globally.
30 PREDICTIONS ABOUT BIM IN THE FUTURE In three, five and ten years’ time, the industry will no doubt look very different thanks to the evolution and use of BIM across the property industry Construction companies and clients will be saving money Constructors and clients will experience improved cost and time savings during the construction process. This will in turn drive greater demand for use of BIM from early stages of designs. FM Models will be actively demanded Improved user-friendly software and widespread adoption of BIM will have asset owners asking for Facilities Management (FM) models for management of their assets. This will drive greater demand for BIM use on existing buildings and new builds. Round table networks and teams will emerge Consultant “round table” networks will naturally emerge who will bid for projects as a group rather than individually, passing on the collective benefits to developers. People will get better and faster at BIM Levels of skills in the industry will gradually improve, reducing the initial inefficiencies of designing in BIM, and encouraging clients to demand more. One software giant will reign One dominant software package will have gained market share and become ‘Industry Standard’, making collaboration between consultant teams of specialist disciplines much easier and less technical. Those who use BIM will deliver faster and more efficiently The delivery and performance gap will widen between consultants that use BIM and those that don’t. The improving economy will allow developers more choice of suppliers An improving economy will shift the project risk back to the delivery and quality of design and documentation, enabling developers to confidently select the best team for the job, rather than the cheapest. New legal and contractual frameworks will emerge New legal and contractual frameworks will emerge that manage and balance risk of construction and design, as the design and development processes become more collaborative. Government requirements will also drive uptake Government will see the benefits in Facilities Management and construction time/cost and set their benchmarks for technology in design and FM higher. This in turn will drive the integration of BIM as a critical requirement as we have seen in the UK.
31 Thanks
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BIM

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    7 WHAT IS BIMTECHNOLOGY? Building components that are represented with digital representations (objects) that carry computable graphic and data attributes that identify them to software applications, as well as parametric rules that allow them to be manipulated in an intelligent fashion Components that include data that describe how they behave, as needed for analyses and work processes, for example, take off, specification, and energy analysis Consistent and non redundant data such that changes to component data are represented in all views of the component and the assemblies of which it is a part Coordinated data such that all views of a model are represented in a coordinated way. “BIM is a modeling technology and associated set of processes to produce, communicate, and analyse building models”    
  • 5.
    8 WHAT IS NOTBIM TECHNOLOGY? Models that contain 3D data only and no (or few) object attributes Models with no support of behaviour Models that are composed of multiple 2D CAD reference files that must be combined to define the building Models that allow changes to dimensions in one view that are not automatically reflected in other views    
  • 6.
    9 BIM IMPLIMENTATION STEPS PROGRAM DESIGN CONSTRUCT DEPLOY GenericBIM Guide Product–Specific BIM Guides BIM Creation BIM Exchange and Data Validation BIM Data Reuse and Extension Project Agreement Requirements Workgroup Formation Process Map Exchange Requirements and Business Rules Exchange Requirement Models Generic Model View Definition Model View Definition and Implementation Specifications Facilitate SW Product Implementation and Certification Standard Requirements Standard Design Implementation in Software Use in Industry o Interest groups form, locate resources and/or define a new need. o Process description, and o Required, optional and variable data required at each exchange as agreed by experienced subject–matter experts. o Common grouping of date. o Non–software–specific description of how data grouping to be managed by applications. o Very specific association of data to specific version of IFC. o NBIMS works with software vendors who implement technical exchange definition into their software, and o Assist in getting software products tested. o Individual parties to contracts agree on BIM function to be provided using BIM Guides that are not product–specific. o Project parties create BIMs using Certified software & product- specific BIM Guides, content are checked using validation software. o BIM construction and data content are checked using validation software. o BIMs are used for many purposes by certified software. ProductsSteps
  • 7.
    10 BIM APPLICATION Design ConstructionBIM Applications Post-Construction (Asset Mgmt. BIM Application) Concept Design Design Documentation (Generic Components) Construction Level Detailed Components As-Built with Operational Data FromConceptiontoRealisation FacilityStart-uptooperationandretrofit Increasinglevelofdetailinmodel Increasing level of scope by component type and integration Building Information Modelling Components (objects) Pro-forma Analysis Scenario Exploration Program Compliance Building Performance Operation Simulation (Emergency) Code Compliance Estimation Coordination Schedule Prefabrication Configuration (pre-sales) As-built Commissioning Facility Management Financial Asset Management Operation Simulation (Emergency) Performance Monitoring Configuration (retrofit) Masses Spaces Site Spaces Architectural Structural MEP Manufactured / Prefabricated Components Custom, Onsite Components Custom Asset Objects Sensor-Linked Components Example of associate purpose of BIM (application) with scope and level of detail Feasibility Through Operation
  • 8.
    11 BIM STANDARD WORKFLOW CaptureProgram Requirements Excel BIM Storm Revit Sketchup 3D Rendering Revit, 3D Max Program Validation Revit, Excel MEP System Development Revit Building System Modeling Revit, 3D Max Material Schedules Revit Animation Walkthru 3D Max System Prototyping Revit, 3D Max Design Bid Docs Revit, Autocad, MEP, Civil, 3D Max Specifications E-Specs Submittal Review & Doc. in BIM Revit, Civil, 3D, Bentley, Projectwise? RFI Response, Design Change Documentation Revit, Projectwise? Operations Programming and Pre-Design Competitive Evaluation Process Design Phase Construction
  • 9.
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    13 BIM FOR OWNERSAND FACILITY MANAGERS(1/2) Owners can realize significant benefits on projects by using BIM processes and tools to streamline the delivery of higher quality and better performing buildings. BIM facilitates collaboration between project participants, reducing errors and field changes and leading to a more efficient and reliable delivery process that reduces project time and cost. Increase Building Performance Through BIM-based energy and lighting design and analysis to improve overall building performance Reduce the Financial Risk Associated with the project using the BIM model to obtain earlier and more reliable cost estimates and improved collaboration of the project team Shorten Project Schedule From approval to completion by using building models to coordinate and prefabricate design with reduced field labour time Obtain Reliable and Accurate Cost Estimates Through automatic quantity take-off from the building model, providing feedback earlier in a project when decisions will have the greatest impact Assure Program Compliance Through automatic quantity take-off from the building model, providing feedback earlier in a project when decisions will have the greatest impact Optimize Facility Management and Maintenance By exporting relevant as-built building and equipment information to start the systems that will be used over the lifecycle of the facility
  • 11.
    14 BIM FOR OWNERSAND FACILITY MANAGERS(2/2) Owner’s Building Information Model Type of Model Information Purpose Spaces and functions To support program compliance and facility management. In a typical design process, the spatial information is defined to meet program compliance and support code-checking analysis. These are critical for program compliance and use of the BIM for facility management. Performance specifications for HVAC and other facility operation equipment To support commissioning activities such as performance specifications As-built schedule and cost information For post-construction analysis and tracking as well as data for future forecasting Manufactured product information To budget and schedule maintenance Financial asset management data For replacement costs and time periods and assessment information Emergency information To plan and prepare for evacuation and other emergency crises Activity status To monitor and track progress of design, construction, or maintenance activities Sensor data To monitor building sensors and real-time control of building systems
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    15 BIM FOR ARCHITECTSAND ENGINEERS (1/2) By partially automating the detailing of construction-level building models, BIM redistributes the allocation of effort, placing more emphasis on conceptual design. Other direct benefits include easy methods guaranteeing consistency across all drawings and reports, automating spatial interference checking, providing a strong base for interfacing analysis/simulation/cost applications and enhancing visualization/ communication at all scales and phases of the project. Conceptual Design Addresses The conceptual and spatial organization of the project and determines its parti. BIM potentially makes easier generation of complex building shells and potentially supports more thorough exploration and assessment of preliminary design, but the workflows to support this are only partially in place. The Integration of Engineering Services BIM supports new information workflows and integrates them more closely with existing simulation and analysis tools used by consultants. Construction-level Modeling Includes detailing, specifications, and cost estimation. This is the base strength of BIM. This phase also addresses what potentially can be achieved through a collaborative design-construction process, such as with design-build and Integrated Project Delivery (IPD).
  • 13.
    16 BIM FOR ARCHITECTSAND ENGINEERS (2/2) Due to its ability to automate standard forms of detailing, BIM significantly reduces the amount of time required for producing construction documents. Figure 5–1 illustrates the general relationship between design effort and time, indicating how effort is traditionally distributed (line 3) and how it can be redistributed as a result of BIM (line 4). This revision aligns effort more closely with the value of decisions made during the design and build process (line 1) and the growth in the cost of making changes within the project lifetime (line 2). The chart emphasizes the impact of early design decisions on the overall functionality, costs, and benefits of a building project. The fee structure in some projects is already changing to reflect the value of decisions made during schematic design and the decreased effort required for producing construction documents. The change in distribution of effort also makes assumptions about delivery method and contracting. Time Ability to impact cost and functional capabilities Cost of design changes Traditional design process Preferred design process PD SD DD CD PR CA OP Effort/Effect PD: Pre-design SD: Schematic design DD: Design development CD: Construction documentation PR: Procurement CA: Construction Administration OP: Operation
  • 14.
    17 BIM FOR CONTRACTORS(1/2) By using BIM tools, architects are potentially able to provide models earlier in the procurement process that contractors can use for estimating, coordination, construction planning, fabrication, procurement, and other functions. At a minimum, the contractor can use this model to quickly add detailed information. To permit these capabilities, ideally a building model would provide contractors with the following types of information Detailed building information Contained in an accurate 3D model that provides graphic views of a building’s components comparable to that shown in typical construction drawings and with the ability to extract quantity and component property information. Temporary components To represent equipment, formwork, and other temporary components that are critical to the sequencing and planning of the project. Specification information associated with each building component With links to textual specifications for every component that the contractor must purchase or construct. This information is needed for procurement, installation, and commissioning. Analysis data related to performance levels and project requirements Such as structural loads, connection reactions and maximum expected moments and shear, heating and cooling loads for tonnage of HVAC systems, targeted luminance levels, and the like. This data is for procurement, fabrication, and MEP detailing. Design and construction status Of each component to track and validate the progress of components relative to design, procurement, installation, and testing (if relevant). This data is added to the model by the contractor.
  • 15.
    18 BIM FOR CONTRACTORS(2/2) BIM process flow for a project where the contractor builds the construction model from 2D drawings and then uses it for quantity take-off, construction planning and clash detection Process flow for a project, where the architect and other designers and subcontractors use 3D modeling tools (or have a consultant develop a 3D model from 2D drawings) and contribute to a shared 3D model. 2D paper drawings from design/ engineering team Contractor or consultant builds/updates BIM 3D model 3D model/BIM BIM Visualizations for owner and project stakeholders Construction planning and scheduling Trade coordination Quantity take-off 2D paper drawings from design/ engineering team Contractor or consultant builds/updates BIM Shared 3D/ BIM model Visualizations for owner and project stakeholders Construction planning and scheduling Trade coordination Quantity take-off Contractor or consultant integrates models 3D/BIM Models from Project team
  • 16.
    19 BIM FOR SUBCONTRACTORSAND FABRICATORS For subcontractors and fabricators, BIM supports the whole collaborative process of design development, detailing, and integration. In many recorded cases, BIM has been leveraged to enable greater degrees of prefabrication than was possible without it, by shortening lead times and deepening design integration. Marketing and Tendering BIM technology aids engineers in all three of these areas: developing multiple alternatives, detailing solutions to a reasonable degree, and measuring quantities. Reduced Production Cycle Times The use of BIM signifi cantly reduces the time required to generate shop drawings and material take-offs for procurement. Reduced Design Coordination Errors BIM offers numerous technical benefits that improve design coordination at all stages. Of particular interest to fabricators is the ability to create integrated models of potentially conflicting systems at production-detail levels. Lower Engineering and Detailing Costs Through the increased use of automated design and analysis software, Almost fully automated production of drawings and material take-offs and Reduced rework due to enhanced quality control and design coordination Increased Use of Automated Manufacturing Technologies BIM platforms model every part of a building using meaningful and computable objects, and so provide information from which the data forms required for controlling automated machinery can be extracted with relative ease. Increased Preassembly and Prefabrication By removing or drastically reducing the overhead effort required to produce shop drawings, BIM platforms make it economically feasible for companies to prefabricate a greater variety of pieces for any building project
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    21 RESPONSE TO THEINCREASING PRESSURE BIM technology and associated processes can help to respond to the increasing pressures on a building over its lifecycle. BIM Increased Pressures on the Building Process Reduced time for Design and construction Reduced cost for Design and construction Increased complexity of design Sustainable design & construction Reduced Cost for energy use Improved Building performance Reduced construction cost and time
  • 19.
    22 PRECONSTRUCTION BENEFITS TOOWNER CONCEPT, FEASIBILITY AND DESIGN BENEFITS: Before owners engage an architect, it is necessary to determine whether a building of a given size, quality level, and desired program requirements can be built within a given cost and time budget. In other words, can a given building meet the financial requirements of an owner? If these questions can be answered with relative certainty, owners can then proceed with the expectation that their goals are achievable. Finding out that a particular design is significantly over budget after a considerable amount of time and effort has been expended is wasteful. An approximate (or “macro”) building model built into and linked to a cost database can be of tremendous value and assistance to an owner. INCREASED BUILDING PERFORMANCE AND QUALITY: Developing a schematic model prior to generating a detailed building model allows for a more careful evaluation of the proposed scheme to determine whether it meets the building’s functional and sustainable requirements. Early evaluation of design alternatives using analysis/simulation tools increases the overall quality of the building. IMPROVED COLLABORATION USING INTEGRATED PROJECT DELIVERY: When the owner uses Integrated Project Delivery (IPD) for project procurement, BIM can be used by the project team from the beginning of the design to improve their understanding of project requirements and to extract cost estimates as the design is developed. This allows design and cost to be better understood and also avoids the use of paper exchange and its associated delays.
  • 20.
    23 DESIGN BENEFITS (1/2) EARLIERAND MORE ACCURATE VISUALIZATIONS OF A DESIGN: The 3D model generated by the BIM software is designed directly rather than being generated from multiple 2D views. It can be used to visualize the design at any stage of the process with the expectation that it will be dimensionally consistent in every view. AUTOMATIC LOW-LEVEL CORRECTIONS WHEN CHANGES ARE MADE: If the objects used in the design are controlled by parametric rules that ensure proper alignment, then the 3D model will be free of geometry, alignment, and spatial coordination errors. This reduces the user’s need to manage design changes. GENERATION OF ACCURATE AND CONSISTENT 2D DRAWINGS: Accurate and consistent drawings can be extracted for any set of objects or specified view of the project. This significantly reduces the amount of time and number of errors associated with generating construction drawings for all design disciplines. When changes to the design are required, fully consistent drawings can be generated as soon as the design modifications are entered. EARLIER COLLABORATION OF MULTIPLE DESIGN DISCIPLINES: Accurate and consistent drawings can be extracted for any set of objects or specified view of the project. This significantly reduces the amount of time and number of errors associated with generating construction drawings for all design disciplines. When changes to the design are required, fully consistent drawings can be generated as soon as the design modifications are entered.
  • 21.
    24 DESIGN BENEFITS (2/2) EASYVERIFICATION OF CONSISTENCY TO THE DESIGN INTENT: BIM provides earlier 3D visualizations and quantifies the area of spaces and other material quantities, allowing for earlier and more accurate cost estimates. For technical buildings (labs, hospitals, and the like), the design intent is often defined quantitatively, and this allows a building model to be used to check for these requirements. For qualitative requirements (this space should be near another), the 3D model also can support automatic evaluations. EXTRACTION OF COST ESTIMATES DURING THE DESIGN STAGE: At any stage of the design, BIM technology can extract an accurate bill of quantities and spaces that can be used for cost estimation. In the early stages of a design, cost estimates are based either on formulas that are keyed to significant project quantities, for example, number of parking spaces, square feet of office areas of various types, or unit costs per square foot. As the design progresses, more detailed quantities are available and can be used for more accurate and detailed cost estimates. It is possible to keep all parties aware of the cost implications associated with a given design before it progresses to the level of detailing required of construction bids. At the final stage of design, an estimate based on the quantities for all the objects contained within the model allows for the preparation of a more accurate final cost estimate. As a result, it is possible to make better-informed design decisions regarding costs using BIM rather than a paper-based system. When using BIM for cost estimates, it is clearly desirable to have the general contractor and possibly key trade contractors who will be responsible for building the structure, as part of the project team. Their knowledge is required for accurate cost estimates and constructability insights during the design process. IMPROVEMENT OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY AND SUSTAINABILITY: Linking the building model to energy analysis tools allows evaluation of energy use during the early design phases. This is not practical using traditional 2D tools because of the time required to prepare the relevant input. If applied at all, energy analysis is performed at the end of the 2D design process as a check or a regulatory requirement, thus reducing the opportunities for modifications that could improve the building’s energy performance. The capability to link the building model to various types of analysis tools provides many opportunities to improve building quality.
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    25 CONSTRUCTION AND FABRICATIONBENEFITS(1/2) USE OF DESIGN MODEL AS BASIS FOR FABRICATED COMPONENTS: If the design model is transferred to a BIM fabrication tool and detailed to the level of fabrication objects (shop model), it will contain an accurate representation of the building objects for fabrication and construction. Because components are already defined in 3D, their automated fabrication using numerical control machinery is facilitated. Such automation is standard practice today in steel fabrication and some sheet metal work. It has been used successfully in precast components, fenestration, and glass fabrication. This allows vendors worldwide to elaborate on the model, to develop details needed for fabrication, and to maintain links that reflect the design intent. This facilitates offsite fabrication and reduces cost and construction time. The accuracy of BIM also allows larger components of the design to be fabricated offsite than would normally be attempted using 2D drawings, due to the likely need for onsite changes (rework) and the inability to predict exact dimensions until other items are constructed in the field. It also allows smaller installation crews, faster installation time, and less onsite storage space. QUICK REACTION TO DESIGN CHANGES: The impact of a suggested design change can be entered into the building model and changes to the other objects in the design will automatically update. Some updates will be made automatically based on the established parametric rules. Additional cross-system updates can be checked and updated visually or through clash detection. The consequences of a change can be accurately reflected in the model and all subsequent views of it. In addition, design changes can be resolved more quickly in a BIM system because modifications can be shared, visualized, estimated, and resolved without the use of time-consuming paper transactions. Updating in this manner is extremely error-prone in paper-based systems. DISCOVERY OF DESIGN ERRORS BEFORE CONSTRUCTION: Because the virtual 3D building model is the source for all 2D and 3D drawings, design errors caused by inconsistent 2D drawings are eliminated. In addition, because models from all disciplines can be brought together and compared, multisystem interfaces are easily checked both systematically (for hard and clearance clashes) and visually (for other kinds of errors). Conflicts and constructability problems are identified before they are detected in the field. Coordination among participating designers and contractors is enhanced and errors of omission are significantly reduced. This speeds the construction process, reduces costs, minimizes the likelihood of legal disputes, and provides a smoother process for the entire project team.
  • 23.
    26 CONSTRUCTION AND FABRICATIONBENEFITS(2/2) SYNCHRONIZATION OF DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION PLANNING: Construction planning using 4D CAD requires linking a construction plan to the 3D objects in a design, so that it is possible to simulate the construction process and show what the building and site would look like at any point in time. This graphic simulation provides considerable insight into how the building will be constructed day-by-day and reveals sources of potential problems and opportunities for possible improvements (site, crew and equipment, space conflicts, safety problems, and so forth). This type of analysis is not available from paper bid documents. It does, however, provide added benefit if the model includes temporary construction objects such as shoring, scaffolding, cranes, and other major equipment so that these objects can be linked to schedule activities and reflected in the desired construction plan. BETTER IMPLEMENTATION OF LEAN CONSTRUCTION TECHNIQUES: Lean construction techniques require careful coordination between the general contractor and all subs to ensure that work can be performed when the appropriate resources are available onsite. This minimizes wasted effort and reduces the need for onsite material inventories. Because BIM provides an accurate model of the design and the material resources required for each segment of the work, it provides the basis for improved planning and scheduling of subcontractors and helps to ensure just-in-time arrival of people, equipment, and materials. This reduces cost and allows for better collaboration at the jobsite. The model can also be used with wireless hand-held computers to facilitate material tracking, installation progress, and automated positioning in the field. SYNC. OF PROCUREMENT WITH DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION: The complete building model provides accurate quantities for all (or most, depending upon the level of 3D modeling) of the materials and objects contained within a design. These quantities, specifications, and properties can be used to procure materials from product vendors and subcontractors (such as precast concrete subs). At the present time (2010), the object definitions for many manufactured products have not yet been developed to make this capability a complete reality. However, when the models have been available (steel members, precast concrete members, some mechanical components, some windows and doors), the results have been very beneficial.
  • 24.
    27 POST CONSTRUCTION BENEFITS IMPROVEDCOMMISSIONING AND HANDOVER OF FACILITY INFO.: During the construction process the general contractor and MEP contractors collect information about installed materials and maintenance information for the systems in the building. This information can be linked to the object in the building model and thus be available for handover to the owner for use in their facility management systems. It also can be used to check that all the systems are working as designed before the building is accepted by the owner. BETTER MANAGEMENT AND OPERATION OF FACILITIES: The building model provides a source of information (graphics and specifications) for all systems used in a building. Previous analyses used to determine mechanical equipment, control systems, and other purchases can be provided to the owner, as a means for verifying the design decisions once the building is in use This information can be used to check that all systems work properly after the building is completed. INTEGRATION WITH FACILITY OPERATION AND MGMT. SYSTEMS: A building model that has been updated with all changes made during construction provides an accurate source of information about the as-built spaces and systems and provides a useful starting point for managing and operating the building. A building information model supports monitoring of real- time control systems, provides a natural interface for sensors, and remote operating management of facilities. Many of these capabilities have not yet been developed, but BIM provides an ideal platform for their deployment.
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    29 BIM PROCESS ANDTECHNOLOGY TRENDS Process Trends Technology Trends o Owners are demanding BIM and changing contract terms to enable its use. o New skills and roles are developing. o A recent survey showed that the proportion of “very heavy” BIM users among all respondents grew from 34 percent in 2008 to 45 percent in 2009. o Successful implementations in construction have led to corporatewide uptake by general contractors. o The benefits of integrated practice are receiving wide review and being tested intensively in practice. o Standards efforts are gathering steam. o Green building is increasingly demanded by clients. o BIM and 4D CAD tools have become common tools in large construction site offices. o Automated checking for code conformance and constructability using building information models is becoming available. o Major BIM platform vendors are adding functionality and integrating design assessment capabilities, providing even richer platforms for use. o Vendors are increasingly expanding their scope and providing discipline-specific BIM tools. o Building product manufacturers are beginning to provide parametric 3D catalogs. o BIM tools with construction management functions are increasingly available. o BIM is encouraging prefabrication for increasingly complex building subassemblies, which can be procured globally.
  • 27.
    30 PREDICTIONS ABOUT BIMIN THE FUTURE In three, five and ten years’ time, the industry will no doubt look very different thanks to the evolution and use of BIM across the property industry Construction companies and clients will be saving money Constructors and clients will experience improved cost and time savings during the construction process. This will in turn drive greater demand for use of BIM from early stages of designs. FM Models will be actively demanded Improved user-friendly software and widespread adoption of BIM will have asset owners asking for Facilities Management (FM) models for management of their assets. This will drive greater demand for BIM use on existing buildings and new builds. Round table networks and teams will emerge Consultant “round table” networks will naturally emerge who will bid for projects as a group rather than individually, passing on the collective benefits to developers. People will get better and faster at BIM Levels of skills in the industry will gradually improve, reducing the initial inefficiencies of designing in BIM, and encouraging clients to demand more. One software giant will reign One dominant software package will have gained market share and become ‘Industry Standard’, making collaboration between consultant teams of specialist disciplines much easier and less technical. Those who use BIM will deliver faster and more efficiently The delivery and performance gap will widen between consultants that use BIM and those that don’t. The improving economy will allow developers more choice of suppliers An improving economy will shift the project risk back to the delivery and quality of design and documentation, enabling developers to confidently select the best team for the job, rather than the cheapest. New legal and contractual frameworks will emerge New legal and contractual frameworks will emerge that manage and balance risk of construction and design, as the design and development processes become more collaborative. Government requirements will also drive uptake Government will see the benefits in Facilities Management and construction time/cost and set their benchmarks for technology in design and FM higher. This in turn will drive the integration of BIM as a critical requirement as we have seen in the UK.
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