1. Name: Abdul Mannan Class: BS-II Institute: Sir Adamjee Institute of Management Sciences
Assignment #: 06 Date of Submission: 17th Oct 2016 Subject: Human Behavior
Social Psychology
It is all about humans and it is not applicable on animal.
1. Social Cognition 2. Attitude 3. Social Interaction 4. Interpersonal Attraction 5. Stress
1. Social Cognition:
As we know that the means of cognition is high form of thinking. Social cognition is the process which means
step by step procedure or process of analyzing and interoperating of events, other people, own self and the world. And
the social cognition or the impacts of thoughts are expressed by either by non verbal communication and through the
concepts of attribution.
Non – Verbal Communication: The information by clues or hints or action that include gestures,postures, tone of
voice and facial expression to make judgment about other people and about events in the world.
Attribution: Attribution is by which someone infer other people attitude, motives from observing the behavior and
deciding whether the behavior is dispositional (internal) or situational (external). Two most common error in
attribution are:
1. Fundamental Attribution Error: It is the tendency to attribute other people’s behavior to dispositional
(internal) factors.
2. Actor – Observer Effect: It is the tendency to attribute the failing of others to dispositional (internal) factor
and the failing of own is depend on situational (external) causes.
Another important concept of attribution is Self– Serving Bias. This concept means the tendency to ascribe their
positive behavior to their own external treats but their failure to external factor.
Prejudice: It is a negative explanation and evaluation of an entire group of people on the basis of language, culture,
region, religion or society. It is developed by “Stereotyping”. Stereotyping is by looking or finding one example about
a negative behavior of an individual & then apply it to the over – all community, society and culture.
2. Attitude:
Your likeness and dis – likeness towards anything.
Attitude is long – lasting, pattern of behavior & believes about other which is based in people’s Experience and shape
their future behavior. There are 3 components of attitude.
1. Cognitive Component 2. Emotional Component 3. Behavioral Dimension / component
3. Social Interaction:
Interaction means the power of people and situation. The social influence refers to ways people alter the
attitude or behavior of other’s either directly or indirectly.
Social influence is easily studies of conformity. Conformity occurs when a person changes attitude or behavior so that
they are consistent with those of other’s or with social norms.
4. Interpersonal Attraction:
The tendency of evaluation of one person to another person in a positive way. The process involves the
characteristics of both the people involved and the situation.
Powerful Concept of Interpersonal Attraction (Friendship and Love)
Friendship: Friendship is reciprocity, equality and sharing of everything and commitment of living anyways.
Love: The idealization of a person, the emotional attachment,the passion which means any kind of arousal such as
inspirational arousal, intellectual arousal and sexual arousal in term of opposite gender.
5. Stress:
Stress is a non-specific emotional response to real or imagined challenges or threads and it is a result of
person’s thinking. Stress is caused by “Stressor”.Emotionally people reaction often depends on their frustration their
work related pressure and their day to day problems.
Conflict and Stress: There are three kinds of conflict that result in stress.
1. Approach Conflict: In it two equally good things or alternatives comes in front of you and you must choose one out
of these two.
2. Avoidance Approach: It occurs when a choice involves two equally distasteful alternatives appears such as the
choice between swiping the floor or washing the dishes.
3. Avoidance Conflict: It results when alternative is both attractive and non – attractive aspects.