Control of a single-acting and double-acting cylinder, regeneration, motor braking, speed control, synchronisation, fail safe, two handed, application of counterbalance, sequence, unloading, pressure reducing, pilot operated check valve
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ME 312 Mechanical Machine Design is the flagship course of the mechanical engineering department at DHA Suffa University. This lecture is about mechanical fasteners and non-permanent joints. The course is offered every fall by Dr. Bilal A. Siddiqui.
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Classification of metal removal process and machines: Concept of generatrix and directrix Geometry of single point cutting tool and tool angles, tool nomenclature in ASA, ORS, NRS. Concept of orthogonal and oblique cutting, Mechanism of Chip Formation: Type of chips. Mechanics of metal cutting, interrelationships between cutting force, shear angle, strain and strain rate. Various theories of metal cutting, Thermal aspects of machining and measurement of chip tool interface temperature, Friction in metal cutting
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Emerging issues in understanding evidence from complex, public health interventions
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This is the presentation following our second Insight Seminar in partnership with Bigwave media. Speakers included Simon Beer, Lesley Aiken, Carl Bennett, Alex Burrows & David Monkhouse.
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Quality vs. Access case study
Complete a full paper outline including each of the headings below. Make sure to touch upon the following items in your outline:
· Introduction: Briefly introduce the case study-Quality vs. Access (details attached). In addition, clearly state the purpose of the analysis and what you hope to prove in the report.
· Stakeholders: Identify the stakeholders who are involved in your case study. Discuss the entities who have an interest in the situation. How do their interests affect your ability to find a solution
· Overview: Provide a succinct overview of the current situation relating to your case study.
· Analysis: Provide an analysis of the situation. Make sure to discuss the incentives or lack thereof. How have the current incentives caused the problem? Address the specific questions posed in your chosen case study. Apply the concepts you have been exposed to throughout the course to aid in your analysis.
· Recommendations: Based upon your analysis, make appropriate recommendations that could alleviate or solve the presented problem.
· Conclusion
· References: Make sure to support your claims with reputable resources. All citation should follow the most current version of AMA style.
Background info:
Case Study: Quality vs. Access
The Affordable Care Act raised the Medicaid reimbursement levels to Medicare levels, resulting in improved appointment availability for Medicaid recipients. One of the components of the Affordable Care Act now coming into effect is the reporting of quality measurements and tying these into reimbursement. Some of the measurements are subjective, such as patient satisfaction, while others are quantitative, such as percentage of patients with their diabetes under control. Patient adherence to treatment plans has been shown to be as low as 40%. Opponents of the rating system say this system will result in more difficult and low socio-economic group patients being turned away by providers.
· How could the payment system be modified to reward quality of care but not result in reduced access to those in lower socio-economic groups or with poorer health?
Resources:
Wherry, Laura R., and Sarah Miller. "Early coverage, access, utilization, and health effects associated with the Affordable Care Act Medicaid expansions: A quasi-experimental study." Annals of internal medicine (2016). http://annals.org.une.idm.oclc.org/aim/article/2513980/early-coverage-access-utili zation-health-effects-associated-affordable-care-act
Martin, Leslie R., et al. "The challenge of patient adherence." Ther Clin Risk Manag 1.3 (2005): 189-199.
https://www-ncbi-nlm-nih-gov.une.idm.oclc.org/pmc/articles/PMC1661624/
Rubric
Introduction
Meets the
“Satisfactory” criteria and utilizes course concepts and reputable resources to support claims
Stakeholders
Meets the
“Satisfactory” criteria and utilizes course concepts and reputable resources to support claims
Overview
Meets the
“Satisfactory” crit ...
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Social Considerations in Engineering Design
1. Real World Considerations
in the Design of Electronic Products
Social
Considerations
http://www.comingalongside.org/Social%20Consequences/
2. Social Constraints in
Engineering Design
Social constraints in an engineering design look at what a consumer or
community is willing to accept in terms of look, function, status, and social
value of a product. Other Social considerations emphasize the impacts that
making a product, delivering that product to the consumer, and use of the
product have on society.
Along the Supply Chain
Beyond the Supply Chain
3. Social Considerations
along the Supply Chain
Where a company chooses to source raw materials and
process, manufacture, and assemble those raw materials
into marketable products can often have significant social
impacts on local workers and communities.
4. Social Considerations
along the Supply Chain
While these decisions are historically made based on economics (e.g. low cost
labor and materials), considering the social consequences of outsourcing
decisions can be done using a wide range of metrics, measures, and
indicators, and reports by non-government and government agencies. Some
provide holistic or big picture indicators of how well countries are serving
their citizens and some provide more specific measures. Both are useful to
corporations operating in the U.S. for making decisions about where and how
to do business around the world.
5. Improving understanding of Social Considerations
In a globalized economy, we
have many different choices
about where we extract natural
resources, process those
resources, and
manufacture/assemble those
resources into products.
http://www.socialprogressimperative.org/global-index/
The Social Progress Index (developed by
the Social Progress imperative) evaluates
how well a country meets the needs of its
citizens. Knowing and understanding this
index for a country in which a company is
considering doing business helps it invest
wisely to support the way forward to a
healthier society.
Social Considerations
along the Supply Chain
6. The Social Progress Index
http://www.socialprogressimperative.org/global-index/
Basic Human Needs
Well-Being
(sustain quality of life)
Opportunity
(to move forward)
+
Social Considerations
along the Supply Chain
The Social Progress Index focuses on social, rather than economic indicators to avoid
difficulties in distinguishing cause and effect. It also focuses on outcomes rather
than inputs, in order to get closer to the lives of real people in the countries and
societies evaluated using the index.
7. http://www.socialprogressimperative.org/global-index/methodology/
The Social Progress Index: Basic Human Needs
Nutrition and Basic Medical Care:
• Depth of food deficit
• Maternal mortality rate
• Child mortality rate
• Deaths from infectious diseases
Water and Sanitation:
• Access to piped water
• Rural access to improved water sources
• Access to improved sanitation facilities
Shelter
• Availability of affordable housing
• Access to electricity
• Quality of electricity supply
• Household air pollution attributable deaths
Personal Safety:
• Homicide rate
• Level of violent crime
• Perceived criminality
• Political terror
• Traffic deaths
Social Considerations
along the Supply Chain
8. Basic Human Needs
Does a country provide for the essential needs of its inhabitants?
Image generated at: http://www.socialprogressimperative.org/global-index/
Social Considerations
along the Supply Chain
9. http://www.socialprogressimperative.org/global-index/methodology/
The Social Progress Index: Foundations of Well-Being
Access to Basic Knowledge:
• Adult literacy rate
• Primary school enrollment
• Lower secondary school enrollment
• Upper secondary school enrollment
• Gender parity in secondary enrollment
Health and Wellness:
• Life expectancy at 60
• Premature deaths from non-communicable
disease
• Obesity rate
• Suicide rate
Access to Information
• Mobile telephone subscriptions
• Internet users
• Press Freedom Index
Environmental Quality:
• Outdoor air pollution
attributable deaths
• Wastewater treatment
• Biodiversity and habitat
• Greenhouse gas
emissions
Social Considerations
along the Supply Chain
10. Social Considerations
along the Supply Chain
Well-Being
Does a country provide foundations (education, environment, information) for healthy living?
Image generated at: http://www.socialprogressimperative.org/global-index/
11. Social Considerations
along the Supply Chain
http://www.socialprogressimperative.org/global-index/methodology/
The Social Progress Index: Opportunity
Personal Rights:
• Political rights
• Freedom of speech
• Freedom of assembly/association
• Freedom of movement
• Private property rights
Tolerance and Inclusion:
• Tolerance for immigrants
• Tolerance for homosexuals
• Discrimination and violence against minorities
• Religious tolerance
• Community safety net
Access to Advanced Education
• Women's average years in school
• Years of tertiary schooling
• Inequality in the attainment of
education
• Number of globally ranked universities
• Percent of tertiary students enrolled in
globally ranked universities
Personal Freedom and Choice:
• Freedom over life choices
• Freedom of religion
• Early marriage
• Satisfied demand for
contraception
• Corruption
12. Social Considerations
along the Supply Chain
Opportunity
Does a country provide its inhabitants with opportunities to advance upward in society?
Image generated at: http://www.socialprogressimperative.org/global-index/
13. Social Considerations
along the Supply Chain
Data adapted from: http://www.socialprogressimperative.org/global-index/methodology/
The Social Progress Index – a generalized index that provides a holistic sense of the
social benefit of purchasing raw materials, outsourcing to or otherwise doing
business with both developing and developed countries.
Country Rank Overall Human Needs Well Being Opportunity
USA 16 82.85 91.23 75.15 82.18
China 92 59.07 73.74 65.4 38.08
India 101 53.06 58.87 57.38 42.93
Philippines 64 65.46 68.23 68.86 59.3
Bangladesh 100 53.39 61.94 62.73 35.5
Cambodia 99 53.96 53.86 67.52 40.52
Norway 1 88.36 94.8 88.46 81.82
Australia 10 86.42 93.73 79.98 85.55
Russia 71 63.64 74.1 67.63 49.19
14. Expanding beyond the Social Progress Index
Social Considerations
along the Supply Chain
Both non-profit (e.g. Amnesty
International) and for-profit (e.g.
Maplecroft) organizations provide
information that allow a company
to reduce the risk that its practices
contribute to violations of human
rights around the world.
15. Social Considerations
provided by
Amnesty International
Social Considerations
along the Supply Chain
Amnesty International
provides a credible,
comprehensive
assessment of the state
of human rights in over
150 countries.
Image and data from:
http://www.amnestyusa.org/our-work/countries
16. Social Considerations
along the Supply Chain
Maplecroft
provides an
annual index of
the risk of human
rights violations
in a broad range
of countries
around the world
Social Considerations outlined by Maplecroft
Country Human Rights Risk
Sudan Extreme risk
Democratic Republic of Congo Extreme risk
Russia Extreme risk
Somalia Extreme risk
Iraq Extreme risk
Brazil High risk
Spain High risk
Canada Low Risk
United States Medium Risk
More comprehensive information about human risk violations around the world can be found at: https://maplecroft.com/portfolio/new-
analysis/2013/12/04/70-increase-countries-identified-extreme-risk-human-rights-2008-bhuman-rights-risk-atlas-2014b/
17. “Multinational corporations are particularly vulnerable to allegations of complicity in
human rights abuses, due to their complex supply chains… Business investment is
deeply rooted in emerging economies and many of these countries are affected by
social tensions. A decline in the human rights risk landscape is not only an
unacceptable situation; it is also a forecaster of political risk and business
disruption.” Maplecroft CEO, Alyson Warhurst.
Social Considerations
along the Supply Chain
Bolster company Image
Why pay attention to
social considerations
along the supply chain?
Increase business stability
Support global economic growth
Maintain professional ethics
18. Social Considerations
beyond the Supply Chain
The social impact that companies have by doing business all over the world
including their home countries, goes well beyond the supply chain, extending
to their own workers, local communities, and other spheres of influence.
Let’s now take a look inside the company for a holistic view of the social
responsibility companies hold and the social impact that its business practices
have on society.
19. Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) Hub provides focuses on the company rather
than the country by rating four key categories of socially responsible behavior.
Environment Employees Community Governance
Data from over 500 sources ranging from Newsweek to Thomson Reuters
Aggregation and Normalization of Data across Industries
Weighting
CSR Score
Social Considerations
beyond the Supply Chain
20. Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) Hub Ratings and Scores
Environment
Comprehensive assessment of a Company’s interactions with the Environment
Energy and
Climate Change
Resource
Management
Environment Policy
and Reporting
Social Considerations
beyond the Supply Chain
21. Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) Hub Ratings and Scores
Employees
Comprehensive assessment of how employees are treated by the Company.
Compensation
and Benefits
Diversity and
Labor Rights
Training, Safety,
and Health
Social Considerations
beyond the Supply Chain
22. Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) Hub Ratings and Scores
Community
Company's commitment and effectiveness in the communities where it does business
Community Development
and Philanthropy
Human Rights
and Supply Chain
Products
Social Considerations
beyond the Supply Chain
23. Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) Hub Ratings and Scores
Governance
Focus on ethics, leadership, and transparency within a company’s leadership
Transparency and
Reporting
Leadership
Ethics
Board
Social Considerations
beyond the Supply Chain
24. Intel Corporation,
An Example of CSR Hub Ratings
How the company
treats those on
the outside who
play a role in its
activity
How the company
treats those on
the inside
How the company
rates within its
product sector
Source: Data generated at CSRHub.com
Social Considerations
beyond the Supply Chain
25. Advanced Micro Devices,
An Example of CSR Hub Ratings
How the company
treats those on
the outside who
play a role in its
activity
How the company
treats those on
the inside
How the company
rates within its
product sector
Which company will you purchase from? Source: Data generated at CSRHub.com
Social Considerations
beyond the Supply Chain
26. Advanced Micro Devices and Intel are ultimately very similar in terms of the social
consequences of their company practices. There is little difference between their
overall scores and they represent similar overall social responsibility. Large
differences in the Employee scores, however, may make a difference to an individual
choosing to work for one of the two companies.
Advanced Micro Devices vs. Intel Corporation
An Example of CSR Hub Ratings
Source: Data generated at CSRHub.com
Social Considerations
beyond the Supply Chain
27. Texas Instruments
National Semiconductor
Analog Devices
Here, there are large gaps in
scores that can influence both
individuals seeking employment at
these companies and engineers or
others involved in product design
as they choose which companies
to source components from.
Another Example:
Three companies that sell Integrated Circuits for Electronic Devices & Appliances
Source: Data generated at CSRHub.com
Social Considerations
beyond the Supply Chain
28. “The number of companies engaging in sustainability reporting is at an all-time high -
and growing. Now, the conversation no longer centers on whether companies
should report but rather how.” CSR Hub COO, Cynthia Figge.
Bolster Company Image
Why pay attention to
social considerations
beyond the supply
chain?
Increase appeal of employment to
potential, future employees
Support global economic growth
Maintain professional ethics
Satisfy government and NGO oversight
Social Considerations
beyond the Supply Chain
29. Complete Educational Materials (including assignments,
quizzes, and recorded lectures) on the topic of
Social Considerations can be found at:
http://www.comingalongside.org/Social%20Consequences/
Editor's Notes
From CSR Hub Data Schema:
"The Environment category data covers a company’s interactions with the environment at large, including use of natural resources, and a company’s impact on the Earth’s ecosystems. The category evaluates corporate environmental performance, compliance with environmental regulations, mitigation of environmental footprint, leadership in addressing climate change through appropriate policies and strategies, energy-efficient operations, and the development of renewable energy and other alternative environmental technologies, disclosure of sources of environmental risk and liability and actions to minimize exposure to future risk, implementation of natural resource conservation and efficiency programs, pollution prevention programs, demonstration of a strategy toward sustainable development, integration of environmental sustainability and responsiveness with management and the board, and programs to measure and engage stakeholders for environmental improvement."
From CSR Hub Data Schema:
"The Employees category includes disclosure of policies, programs, and performance in diversity, labor relations and labor rights, compensation, benefits, and employee training, health and safety. The evaluation focuses on the quality of policies and programs, compliance with national laws and regulations, and proactive management initiatives. The category includes evaluation of inclusive diversity policies, fair treatment of all employees, robust diversity (EEO-1) programs and training, disclosure of workforce diversity data, strong labor codes (addressing the core ILO standards), comprehensive benefits, demonstrated training and development opportunities, employee health and safety policies, basic and industry-specific safety training, demonstrated safety management systems, and a positive safety performance record.."
From CSR Hub Data Schema:
"
The Community Category covers the company’s commitment and effectiveness within the local, national and global community in which it does business. It reflects a company’s citizenship, charitable giving, and volunteerism. This category covers the company’s human rights record and treatment of its supply chain. It also covers the environmental and social impacts of the company’s products and services, and the development of sustainable products, processes and technologies.."
From CSR Hub Data Schema:
" The Governance category covers disclosure of policies and procedures, board independence and diversity, executive compensation, attention to stakeholder concerns, and evaluation of a company’s culture of ethical leadership and compliance. Corporate governance refers to leadership structure and the values that determine corporate direction, ethics and performance. This category rates factors such as: are corporate policies and practices aligned with sustainability goals; is the management of the corporation transparent to stakeholders; are employees appropriately engaged in the management of the company; are sustainability principles integrated from the top down into the day-to-day operations of the company. Governance focuses on how management is committed to sustainability and corporate responsibility at all levels..."