The document provides a community health needs assessment for Dane County, Wisconsin. It outlines the assessment process, which includes defining the community, identifying stakeholders, collecting and analyzing demographic and health indicator data, and prioritizing issues. Key findings include the county's diverse and educated population with access to healthcare, lower than average rates of obesity, diabetes and heart disease but high rates of chronic disease overall. Teen pregnancy and low birthweight are relatively low concerns.
This is the presentation following our second Insight Seminar in partnership with Bigwave media. Speakers included Simon Beer, Lesley Aiken, Carl Bennett, Alex Burrows & David Monkhouse.
Root Cause Analysis: A Community Engagement Process for Identifying Social De...JSI
This presentation serves as a training of trainers for the root cause analysis process, where participants will be able to train their organizational staff and community members on the process. In addition, it shows how it can be used for community engagement, coalition building, and to identify the root causes of HIV.
Reflections on a decade of evaluation of micro finance-Ranjani.K.MurthyRanjani K.Murthy
This power point:
- reviews a decade of experience in evaluation of micro-finance and livelihood projects from a gender and equity lens,
- highlights the centrality of power in evaluations; and
- argues the need for shifting from sectoral projects to changing social institutions from a gender and equity lens and evaluating institutional change
Healthy Communities Foundation Strat Plan Community Info SessionJennifer Amdur Spitz
Healthy Communities Foundation is a health conversion foundation. We helped them to re-brand and developed this presentation to introduce their new strategic plan and 2018 RFP to the communities they serve.
A presentation from Wilson Majee, Ph.D, MPH, from the University of Missouri, suggests a model for community health & wellness that seeks to bridge the poverty gap by making resources at a university available to those within the community.
Treating the whole community - Amy Carroll-Scott, Ph.D. MPH (20181212)PolicyMap
Health care providers and government agencies can benefit from knowing more about the communities they serve. They can address issues unique to low-income patients and other groups with specific needs, improving outcomes and lowering medical costs. Using a data-driven approach to public health, they can successfully implement targeted health interventions, while lowering costs.
We hear from two practitioners and researchers who will talk about ways that they’re using community level data to improve public health: Sarah Dixon from the Iowa Primary Care Association and Amy Carroll-Scott from Drexel University’s Dornsife School of Public Health.
Public Health Association of South Africa (PHASA) poster presentation of the "Theoretical underpinnings of promotion campaigns for
medical male circumcision HIV prevention interventions in sub-Saharan Africa"
Informal workers face substantial risks and vulnerabilities due to insecurity surrounding their employment status and
lack of control of the conditions of their employment. In addition, informal workers have limited access to affordable and
appropriate health care for themselves and their families, and they may not seek care if they have insecure legal status, or due to the potential expense or loss of income. The combination of high vulnerabilities and inadequate social protections (including insufficient access to affordable health services) results in high incidences of injury, illness, susceptibility to chronic diseases and poverty.
Treating the whole community - Sarah Dixon, MPA (20181212)PolicyMap
Health care providers and government agencies can benefit from knowing more about the communities they serve. They can address issues unique to low-income patients and other groups with specific needs, improving outcomes and lowering medical costs. Using a data-driven approach to public health, they can successfully implement targeted health interventions, while lowering costs.
We hear from two practitioners and researchers who will talk about ways that they’re using community level data to improve public health: Sarah Dixon from the Iowa Primary Care Association and Amy Carroll-Scott from Drexel University’s Dornsife School of Public Health.
At the 2016 CCIH Annual Conference, Vuyelwa Chitimbire of the Zimbabwe Association of Church-Related Hospitals discusses how the organization works with its members to strengthen health systems and programs.
Chapter 16 Community Diagnosis, Planning, and InterventionSergEstelaJeffery653
Chapter 16 Community Diagnosis, Planning, and Intervention
Sergio Osegueda Acuna MSN-FNP-BC
MRC
Nursing Process with communities
Population-focused health planning
Health planning is a continuous social process by which data about clients are collected and analyzed for the purpose of developing a plan to generate new ideas, meet identified client needs, solve health problems, and guide changes in health care delivery.
To date, you have been responsible primarily for developing a plan of care for the individual client.
History of U.S. Health Planning
The history of health planning in the United States has alternated between the federal and state governments.
Before the 1960s, health planning occurred primarily at the state level.
In the 1960s, health planning became a federal effort.
In 1966, the Comprehensive Health Planning and Public Health Service Amendment was passed to enable states and local communities to plan for better health resources.
In the 1980s, President Reagan aimed to reduce both the size of the federal government and the influence the federal government had on states. His administration eliminated the federal budget and planning requirements while encouraging states to make their own planning decisions.
History of U.S. Health Planning
In 1980, the Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act encouraged the use of noninstitutional services, such as home health care, to fight escalating costs.
In 1983 the Prospective Payment System drastically changed hospital reimbursement, resulted in shorter hospital stays for patients, shifted care into the community, and placed greater responsibilities for care of relatives on family members
The federal Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (Affordable Care Act) of 2010 requires access to health care for most Americans.
Rationale for Nursing Involvement in the Health Planning Process
Florence Nightingale and Lillian Wald pioneered health planning based on an assessment of the health needs of the communities they served
Both the American Nurses Association (ANA) (2007) and the American Public Health Association (APHA) (1996) state that the primary responsibility of community/public health nurses is to the community or population as a whole and that nurses must acknowledge the need for comprehensive health planning to implement this responsibility.
Nurses spend a greater amount of time in direct contact with their clients than do any other health care professionals.
Nursing Role in Program Planning
Planning for change at the community level is more complex than at the individual level.
Components to the client system have been increased, and more people and more complex organizations are involved.
Baccalaureate-prepared community/public nurses are expected to apply the nursing process with subpopulations or aggregates with limited supervision (American Association of Colleges of Nursing, 1986; ANA, 2007)
Planning for community change
To plan and implement programs at a commu ...
Secondary Data Table Template The data obtained on this table is.docxrtodd280
Secondary Data Table Template
The data obtained on this table is to be used to assess community health needs and to identify health disparities within a community.
City/Town/Village Name: ________________________State: _______________Zip Code: _______ Population: __________
Vital Statistics
County Statistics
State Statistics
Age Distribution
Race/Ethnicity
Births
Deaths
Gender/Sex
Add lines as needed
Health Behaviors
County Statistics
State Statistics
Example: Adult smoking
12%
14%
Adult Smoking
Physical inactivity
Excessive drinking
Alcohol-impaired driving deaths
Sexually transmitted infections
Teen births
Clinical Care (5)
County
State
Example: Uninsured
10%
12%
Uninsured
Example: Primary Care Physicians
680:1
1,200:1
Primary care physicians
Dentists
Mental health providers
Preventable hospital stays
Diabetic monitoring
Mammography screening
Social & Economic Factors
County
State
High school graduation
Some college
Unemployment
Children in poverty
Income inequality
Children in single-parent households
Social associations
Violent crime
Injury deaths
Physical Environment
County
State
Air pollution - particulate matter
Drinking water violations
Severe housing problems
Driving alone to work
Long commute - driving alone
Hello everyone,
I've created an eight minute overview video addressing M3.5, Part Two of the Comprehensive Community Assessment assignment. Hopefully you have to time view it, please send me any questions!
Below is the video link of the professor explaining step by step of how the assignment should be like. Also there was a secondary table there that should also be included with the analysis paper. It was already there but we missed it somehow.
This announcement is closed for comments
CCA.Part2.6-2020.mp4
username: men0505
psw: rs0505 (username and password to watch the video).
Windshield Survey Data Table
Parameter
Brief Description of Parameter
Source of Information
Effect on Population Health
Geography
Environment
Industry
Education
Recreation
Religion
Communication
Transportation
Public Services
Political organizations
Community Development or Planning
Disaster Programs
Health Statistics
Social Problems
Health Professionals
Health Professional Organizations
Community Services
Part 3
Assignment Instructions
SWOT Analysis (1-2 pages in length): Each student will perform a "Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats" (SWOT) analysis that is relevant to their Comprehensive Community Assessment (CCA). Your SWOT analysis should be based on the data collected and analysis of your Comprehensive Community Assessment project.
More information can be found by clicking this link (Links to an external site.) about a SWOT Analysis. Length: 1-2 pages; the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats can be listed as bullet points, or in a table .
This is the presentation following our second Insight Seminar in partnership with Bigwave media. Speakers included Simon Beer, Lesley Aiken, Carl Bennett, Alex Burrows & David Monkhouse.
Root Cause Analysis: A Community Engagement Process for Identifying Social De...JSI
This presentation serves as a training of trainers for the root cause analysis process, where participants will be able to train their organizational staff and community members on the process. In addition, it shows how it can be used for community engagement, coalition building, and to identify the root causes of HIV.
Reflections on a decade of evaluation of micro finance-Ranjani.K.MurthyRanjani K.Murthy
This power point:
- reviews a decade of experience in evaluation of micro-finance and livelihood projects from a gender and equity lens,
- highlights the centrality of power in evaluations; and
- argues the need for shifting from sectoral projects to changing social institutions from a gender and equity lens and evaluating institutional change
Healthy Communities Foundation Strat Plan Community Info SessionJennifer Amdur Spitz
Healthy Communities Foundation is a health conversion foundation. We helped them to re-brand and developed this presentation to introduce their new strategic plan and 2018 RFP to the communities they serve.
A presentation from Wilson Majee, Ph.D, MPH, from the University of Missouri, suggests a model for community health & wellness that seeks to bridge the poverty gap by making resources at a university available to those within the community.
Treating the whole community - Amy Carroll-Scott, Ph.D. MPH (20181212)PolicyMap
Health care providers and government agencies can benefit from knowing more about the communities they serve. They can address issues unique to low-income patients and other groups with specific needs, improving outcomes and lowering medical costs. Using a data-driven approach to public health, they can successfully implement targeted health interventions, while lowering costs.
We hear from two practitioners and researchers who will talk about ways that they’re using community level data to improve public health: Sarah Dixon from the Iowa Primary Care Association and Amy Carroll-Scott from Drexel University’s Dornsife School of Public Health.
Public Health Association of South Africa (PHASA) poster presentation of the "Theoretical underpinnings of promotion campaigns for
medical male circumcision HIV prevention interventions in sub-Saharan Africa"
Informal workers face substantial risks and vulnerabilities due to insecurity surrounding their employment status and
lack of control of the conditions of their employment. In addition, informal workers have limited access to affordable and
appropriate health care for themselves and their families, and they may not seek care if they have insecure legal status, or due to the potential expense or loss of income. The combination of high vulnerabilities and inadequate social protections (including insufficient access to affordable health services) results in high incidences of injury, illness, susceptibility to chronic diseases and poverty.
Treating the whole community - Sarah Dixon, MPA (20181212)PolicyMap
Health care providers and government agencies can benefit from knowing more about the communities they serve. They can address issues unique to low-income patients and other groups with specific needs, improving outcomes and lowering medical costs. Using a data-driven approach to public health, they can successfully implement targeted health interventions, while lowering costs.
We hear from two practitioners and researchers who will talk about ways that they’re using community level data to improve public health: Sarah Dixon from the Iowa Primary Care Association and Amy Carroll-Scott from Drexel University’s Dornsife School of Public Health.
At the 2016 CCIH Annual Conference, Vuyelwa Chitimbire of the Zimbabwe Association of Church-Related Hospitals discusses how the organization works with its members to strengthen health systems and programs.
Chapter 16 Community Diagnosis, Planning, and InterventionSergEstelaJeffery653
Chapter 16 Community Diagnosis, Planning, and Intervention
Sergio Osegueda Acuna MSN-FNP-BC
MRC
Nursing Process with communities
Population-focused health planning
Health planning is a continuous social process by which data about clients are collected and analyzed for the purpose of developing a plan to generate new ideas, meet identified client needs, solve health problems, and guide changes in health care delivery.
To date, you have been responsible primarily for developing a plan of care for the individual client.
History of U.S. Health Planning
The history of health planning in the United States has alternated between the federal and state governments.
Before the 1960s, health planning occurred primarily at the state level.
In the 1960s, health planning became a federal effort.
In 1966, the Comprehensive Health Planning and Public Health Service Amendment was passed to enable states and local communities to plan for better health resources.
In the 1980s, President Reagan aimed to reduce both the size of the federal government and the influence the federal government had on states. His administration eliminated the federal budget and planning requirements while encouraging states to make their own planning decisions.
History of U.S. Health Planning
In 1980, the Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act encouraged the use of noninstitutional services, such as home health care, to fight escalating costs.
In 1983 the Prospective Payment System drastically changed hospital reimbursement, resulted in shorter hospital stays for patients, shifted care into the community, and placed greater responsibilities for care of relatives on family members
The federal Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (Affordable Care Act) of 2010 requires access to health care for most Americans.
Rationale for Nursing Involvement in the Health Planning Process
Florence Nightingale and Lillian Wald pioneered health planning based on an assessment of the health needs of the communities they served
Both the American Nurses Association (ANA) (2007) and the American Public Health Association (APHA) (1996) state that the primary responsibility of community/public health nurses is to the community or population as a whole and that nurses must acknowledge the need for comprehensive health planning to implement this responsibility.
Nurses spend a greater amount of time in direct contact with their clients than do any other health care professionals.
Nursing Role in Program Planning
Planning for change at the community level is more complex than at the individual level.
Components to the client system have been increased, and more people and more complex organizations are involved.
Baccalaureate-prepared community/public nurses are expected to apply the nursing process with subpopulations or aggregates with limited supervision (American Association of Colleges of Nursing, 1986; ANA, 2007)
Planning for community change
To plan and implement programs at a commu ...
Secondary Data Table Template The data obtained on this table is.docxrtodd280
Secondary Data Table Template
The data obtained on this table is to be used to assess community health needs and to identify health disparities within a community.
City/Town/Village Name: ________________________State: _______________Zip Code: _______ Population: __________
Vital Statistics
County Statistics
State Statistics
Age Distribution
Race/Ethnicity
Births
Deaths
Gender/Sex
Add lines as needed
Health Behaviors
County Statistics
State Statistics
Example: Adult smoking
12%
14%
Adult Smoking
Physical inactivity
Excessive drinking
Alcohol-impaired driving deaths
Sexually transmitted infections
Teen births
Clinical Care (5)
County
State
Example: Uninsured
10%
12%
Uninsured
Example: Primary Care Physicians
680:1
1,200:1
Primary care physicians
Dentists
Mental health providers
Preventable hospital stays
Diabetic monitoring
Mammography screening
Social & Economic Factors
County
State
High school graduation
Some college
Unemployment
Children in poverty
Income inequality
Children in single-parent households
Social associations
Violent crime
Injury deaths
Physical Environment
County
State
Air pollution - particulate matter
Drinking water violations
Severe housing problems
Driving alone to work
Long commute - driving alone
Hello everyone,
I've created an eight minute overview video addressing M3.5, Part Two of the Comprehensive Community Assessment assignment. Hopefully you have to time view it, please send me any questions!
Below is the video link of the professor explaining step by step of how the assignment should be like. Also there was a secondary table there that should also be included with the analysis paper. It was already there but we missed it somehow.
This announcement is closed for comments
CCA.Part2.6-2020.mp4
username: men0505
psw: rs0505 (username and password to watch the video).
Windshield Survey Data Table
Parameter
Brief Description of Parameter
Source of Information
Effect on Population Health
Geography
Environment
Industry
Education
Recreation
Religion
Communication
Transportation
Public Services
Political organizations
Community Development or Planning
Disaster Programs
Health Statistics
Social Problems
Health Professionals
Health Professional Organizations
Community Services
Part 3
Assignment Instructions
SWOT Analysis (1-2 pages in length): Each student will perform a "Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats" (SWOT) analysis that is relevant to their Comprehensive Community Assessment (CCA). Your SWOT analysis should be based on the data collected and analysis of your Comprehensive Community Assessment project.
More information can be found by clicking this link (Links to an external site.) about a SWOT Analysis. Length: 1-2 pages; the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats can be listed as bullet points, or in a table .
(INSTRUCTIONS) Your submission should be a minimum of 2000 words (m.docxmadlynplamondon
(INSTRUCTIONS): Your submission should be a minimum of 2000 words (maximum 2500 words) in length and should completely answer the proposed questions as listed under “Define the community." You should have a minimum of three (3) references. MY COMMUNITY is miami, florida
Overview
In this module, you will finalize the completion of the full assessment of your own community.
Defining the Community
Your community should be within a specifically designated geographic location.
One must clearly delineate the following dimensions before starting the process of community assessment:
• Describe the population that is being assessed?
• What is/are the race(s) of this population within the community?
• Are there boundaries of this group? If so, what are they?
• Does this community exist within a certain city or county?
• Are there general characteristics that separate this group from others?
• Education levels, birth/death rates, age of deaths, insured/uninsured?
• Where is this group located geographically…? Urban/rural?
• Why is a community assessment being performed? What purpose will it serve?
• How will information for the community assessment be collected?
Assessment
After the community has been defined, the next phase is assessment. The following items describe several resources and methods that can be used to gather and generate data. These items serve as a starting point for data collection. This is not an all-inclusive list of resources and methods that may be used when a community assessment is conducted.
The time frame for completion of the assessment may influence which methods are used. Nonetheless, these items should be reviewed to determine what information will be useful to collect about the community that is being assessed. It is not necessary to use all of these resources and methods; however, use of a variety of methods is helpful when one is exploring the needs of a community.
Data Gathering
(collecting information that already exists)
Demographics of the Community
When demographic data are collected, it is useful to collect data from a variety of levels so comparisons can be made.
If the population that is being assessed is located within a specific setting, it may be best to contact that agency to retrieve specific information about that population.
The following resources provide a broad overview of the demographics of a city, county, or state:
American Fact Finder
—Find population, housing, and economic and geographic data for your city based on U.S. Census data
State and County Quick Facts
—Easy access to facts about people, business, and geography, based on U.S. Census data
Obtain information about a specific city or county on these useful websites:
www.epodunk.com
and
www.city-data.com
Information from Government Agencies
Healthy People 2020
—this resource is published by the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. It identifies health improvement goals and objectives for the .
This presentation provides insight on how to drive health equity into action at a community level.
Bob Gardner, Director of Policy
www.wellesleyinstitute.com
Follow us on twitter @wellesleyWI
PowerPoint Presentation #1TOPIC- Mental health illness in adults w.docxIRESH3
PowerPoint Presentation #1
TOPIC- Mental health illness in adults with substance abuse
The
Assessment
must include epidemiological methods including, but not limited to the following items:
Descriptive information on the target population (e.g., age, gender, culture, ethnicity) and location (e.g., city, town, state).
Identification through assessment means of the health issue/problem and how it has affected the target population (information on impact could come from mortality and morbidity reports, academic research, etc. Avoid using online sources such as WebMD. Government sources are fine, but the Ashford Library’s journal collection is the best means to discover data on health impact.)
Risk factors as outlined by epidemiological means (risk factors include social and behavioral determinants within the community or among the population that contributes to or ameliorates this problem).
Other demographic information outlined by epidemiological assessment measures.
Explain how the two essential services that revolve around assessment are applied to this health problem: 1) Monitor Health and 2) Diagnose and Investigate. These two services ensure that a community’s health assessment is accurate.
Policy Development Actions
Describe what has been done in general to address the issue (e.g. resources, facilities, organizations). Locate scholarly sources from the Ashford University Library to help you address what has already been done to address the issue.
Describe what has been done specifically in the community/city/town/state your team is researching to address this issue (e.g., programs and interventions or the creation of organizations to address the issue).
Existing Policies. Analyze the policies that currently exist to resolve the problem. For example: seatbelts were required by car manufacturers to reduce injuries and deaths from car accidents.
Policy Development. Discuss new policies that should or could be developed to better address the issue. For example: some communities do not fluoridate their water systems and developing such a policy could help reduce dental caries.
Identify Stakeholders and potential facilitators. Are there leaders and/or organizations within this community that can be identified and assist with the policy development? Who are they and why would you specifically select them?
Explain how the three essential services that fall into the Policy Development category are applied to your health problem: 3) Inform, Educate and Empower; 4) Mobilize Community Partnerships; and 5) Develop Policies.
PowerPoint Presentation #2
Assurance Activities
: Now that the assessment and policy development actions have been outlined, provide assurances to the affected community that what has been or will be done will be effective and sustaining. With each of the four essential services associated with assurance, analyze how these factors will be applied to the selected health problem for this population. The key terms in eac.
OverviewPrepare a 3–4 page report on a critical health issue in .docxaman341480
Overview
Prepare a 3–4 page report on a critical health issue in a community or state. Describe the factors that contribute to the health issue and interventions that have been implemented. Explain the scope and role of nursing in the interventions, and recommend ways the scope of the interventions might be expanded.
By successfully completing this assessment, you will demonstrate your proficiency in the following course competencies and assessment criteria:
· Competency 1: Explain the factors that affect the health of communities.
. Explain the factors that contribute to a critical health care issue within a specific community.
· Competency 2: Apply evidence-based interventions to promote health and disease prevention and respond to community health issues.
. Describe current interventions to target a critical health care issue within a specific community.
. Describe the scope and role of nursing in current interventions that target a critical health care issue.
. Recommend evidence-based ways to expand the scope of interventions to target a critical health care issue.
· Competency 4: Communicate in a manner that is scholarly, professional, and consistent with expectations of a nursing professional.
. Describe a critical health care issue within a specific community.
. Write content clearly and logically with correct use of grammar, punctuation, and mechanics.
. Correctly format citations and references, using current APA style.
Context
Community/public health nursing is nursing care that is population-focused and occurs in non-hospital settings. Numerous nursing theories can provide the structure for community/public health nursing; however, nursing theories that incorporate components of the general systems theory frequently provide the framework for the practice of community/public health nursing.
Historically, nurses have made significant contributions to the field of public health. From providing maternal-child care to poor women in the late 1800s, to promoting hygiene among school aged children in the early 1900s, to providing environmental and safety care to industrial workers during World War I, nurses have been instrumental in shaping health policies (Maurer & Smith, 2013). Today, community/public health nurses have a key role in identifying and developing plans of care to address local, national, and international health issues.
Many factors influence the health of communities and populations, including national policies that focus on health promotion. Healthy People, a major national health promotion program issued by the U.S. Surgeon General, identifies major health problems of the nation and sets national goals and objectives targeting health promotion (Maurer & Smith, 2013). If adopted, activities that target health promotion can result in disease prevention.
Reference
Maurer, F. A., & Smith, C. M. (2013). Community/public health nursing practice: Health for families and populations (5th ed.). St. Louis, MO: W. B. Saunder.
Join us for a discussion of methods and tools that can be used to support evidence-informed decision making in the context of health equity. Learn about resources to help you apply health equity principles to planning processes that contribute to evidence informed public health.
Guest speakers from Niagara Region Public Health discussed the use of the 10 promising practices to address health equity. This included the results of a qualitative study to identify barriers and facilitators, and provided recommendations for strengthening planning and implementation practice to improve health equity.
This webinar is jointly produced by the National Collaborating Centre for Methods and Tools (NCCMT) and the National Collaborating Centre for Determinants of Health (NCCDH), and is supported through funding from the Public Health Agency of Canada.
The National Collaborating Centre for Methods and Tools is funded by the Public Health Agency of Canada and affiliated with McMaster University. The views expressed herein do not necessarily represent the views of the Public Health Agency of Canada.
NCCMT is one of six National Collaborating Centres (NCCs) for Public Health. The Centres promote and improve the use of scientific research and other knowledge to strengthen public health practices and policies in Canada.
OverviewIn this module, you will finalize the completion of .docxaman341480
Overview
In this module, you will finalize the completion of the full assessment of your own community.
Defining the Community
Your community should be within a specifically designated geographic location.
One must clearly delineate the following dimensions before starting the process of community assessment:
• Describe the population that is being assessed?
• What is/are the race(s) of this population within the community?
• Are there boundaries of this group? If so, what are they?
• Does this community exist within a certain city or county?
• Are there general characteristics that separate this group from others?
• Education levels, birth/death rates, age of deaths, insured/uninsured?
• Where is this group located geographically…? Urban/rural?
• Why is a community assessment being performed? What purpose will it serve?
• How will information for the community assessment be collected?
Assessment
After the community has been defined, the next phase is assessment. The following items describe several resources and methods that can be used to gather and generate data. These items serve as a starting point for data collection. This is not an all-inclusive list of resources and methods that may be used when a community assessment is conducted.
The time frame for completion of the assessment may influence which methods are used. Nonetheless, these items should be reviewed to determine what information will be useful to collect about the community that is being assessed. It is not necessary to use all of these resources and methods; however, use of a variety of methods is helpful when one is exploring the needs of a community.
Data Gathering
(collecting information that already exists)
Demographics of the Community
When demographic data are collected, it is useful to collect data from a variety of levels so comparisons can be made.
If the population that is being assessed is located within a specific setting, it may be best to contact that agency to retrieve specific information about that population.
The following resources provide a broad overview of the demographics of a city, county, or state:
American Fact Finder
—Find population, housing, and economic and geographic data for your city based on U.S. Census data
State and County Quick Facts
—Easy access to facts about people, business, and geography, based on U.S. Census data
Obtain information about a specific city or county on these useful websites:
www.epodunk.com
and
www.city-data.com
Information from Government Agencies
Healthy People 2020
—this resource is published by the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. It identifies health improvement goals and objectives for the country to be reached by the year 2020
National Center for Health Statistics
—this agency is part of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; this website provides statistical information about the health of Americans
National Vital Statistics System
Cente.
Collins Center's VP for health initiatives, Dr. Leda Perez presented to the Florida Department of Health on 2 June 2011 about Community Health Workers in the state and future implications.
micro teaching on communication m.sc nursing.pdfAnurag Sharma
Microteaching is a unique model of practice teaching. It is a viable instrument for the. desired change in the teaching behavior or the behavior potential which, in specified types of real. classroom situations, tends to facilitate the achievement of specified types of objectives.
Tom Selleck Health: A Comprehensive Look at the Iconic Actor’s Wellness Journeygreendigital
Tom Selleck, an enduring figure in Hollywood. has captivated audiences for decades with his rugged charm, iconic moustache. and memorable roles in television and film. From his breakout role as Thomas Magnum in Magnum P.I. to his current portrayal of Frank Reagan in Blue Bloods. Selleck's career has spanned over 50 years. But beyond his professional achievements. fans have often been curious about Tom Selleck Health. especially as he has aged in the public eye.
Follow us on: Pinterest
Introduction
Many have been interested in Tom Selleck health. not only because of his enduring presence on screen but also because of the challenges. and lifestyle choices he has faced and made over the years. This article delves into the various aspects of Tom Selleck health. exploring his fitness regimen, diet, mental health. and the challenges he has encountered as he ages. We'll look at how he maintains his well-being. the health issues he has faced, and his approach to ageing .
Early Life and Career
Childhood and Athletic Beginnings
Tom Selleck was born on January 29, 1945, in Detroit, Michigan, and grew up in Sherman Oaks, California. From an early age, he was involved in sports, particularly basketball. which played a significant role in his physical development. His athletic pursuits continued into college. where he attended the University of Southern California (USC) on a basketball scholarship. This early involvement in sports laid a strong foundation for his physical health and disciplined lifestyle.
Transition to Acting
Selleck's transition from an athlete to an actor came with its physical demands. His first significant role in "Magnum P.I." required him to perform various stunts and maintain a fit appearance. This role, which he played from 1980 to 1988. necessitated a rigorous fitness routine to meet the show's demands. setting the stage for his long-term commitment to health and wellness.
Fitness Regimen
Workout Routine
Tom Selleck health and fitness regimen has evolved. adapting to his changing roles and age. During his "Magnum, P.I." days. Selleck's workouts were intense and focused on building and maintaining muscle mass. His routine included weightlifting, cardiovascular exercises. and specific training for the stunts he performed on the show.
Selleck adjusted his fitness routine as he aged to suit his body's needs. Today, his workouts focus on maintaining flexibility, strength, and cardiovascular health. He incorporates low-impact exercises such as swimming, walking, and light weightlifting. This balanced approach helps him stay fit without putting undue strain on his joints and muscles.
Importance of Flexibility and Mobility
In recent years, Selleck has emphasized the importance of flexibility and mobility in his fitness regimen. Understanding the natural decline in muscle mass and joint flexibility with age. he includes stretching and yoga in his routine. These practices help prevent injuries, improve posture, and maintain mobilit
Title: Sense of Smell
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the primary categories of smells and the concept of odor blindness.
Explain the structure and location of the olfactory membrane and mucosa, including the types and roles of cells involved in olfaction.
Describe the pathway and mechanisms of olfactory signal transmission from the olfactory receptors to the brain.
Illustrate the biochemical cascade triggered by odorant binding to olfactory receptors, including the role of G-proteins and second messengers in generating an action potential.
Identify different types of olfactory disorders such as anosmia, hyposmia, hyperosmia, and dysosmia, including their potential causes.
Key Topics:
Olfactory Genes:
3% of the human genome accounts for olfactory genes.
400 genes for odorant receptors.
Olfactory Membrane:
Located in the superior part of the nasal cavity.
Medially: Folds downward along the superior septum.
Laterally: Folds over the superior turbinate and upper surface of the middle turbinate.
Total surface area: 5-10 square centimeters.
Olfactory Mucosa:
Olfactory Cells: Bipolar nerve cells derived from the CNS (100 million), with 4-25 olfactory cilia per cell.
Sustentacular Cells: Produce mucus and maintain ionic and molecular environment.
Basal Cells: Replace worn-out olfactory cells with an average lifespan of 1-2 months.
Bowman’s Gland: Secretes mucus.
Stimulation of Olfactory Cells:
Odorant dissolves in mucus and attaches to receptors on olfactory cilia.
Involves a cascade effect through G-proteins and second messengers, leading to depolarization and action potential generation in the olfactory nerve.
Quality of a Good Odorant:
Small (3-20 Carbon atoms), volatile, water-soluble, and lipid-soluble.
Facilitated by odorant-binding proteins in mucus.
Membrane Potential and Action Potential:
Resting membrane potential: -55mV.
Action potential frequency in the olfactory nerve increases with odorant strength.
Adaptation Towards the Sense of Smell:
Rapid adaptation within the first second, with further slow adaptation.
Psychological adaptation greater than receptor adaptation, involving feedback inhibition from the central nervous system.
Primary Sensations of Smell:
Camphoraceous, Musky, Floral, Pepperminty, Ethereal, Pungent, Putrid.
Odor Detection Threshold:
Examples: Hydrogen sulfide (0.0005 ppm), Methyl-mercaptan (0.002 ppm).
Some toxic substances are odorless at lethal concentrations.
Characteristics of Smell:
Odor blindness for single substances due to lack of appropriate receptor protein.
Behavioral and emotional influences of smell.
Transmission of Olfactory Signals:
From olfactory cells to glomeruli in the olfactory bulb, involving lateral inhibition.
Primitive, less old, and new olfactory systems with different path
These simplified slides by Dr. Sidra Arshad present an overview of the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract.
Learning objectives:
1. Enlist the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract
2. Briefly explain how these functions are carried out
3. Discuss the significance of dead space
4. Differentiate between minute ventilation and alveolar ventilation
5. Describe the cough and sneeze reflexes
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 39, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 34, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
3. Chapter 17, Human Physiology by Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
4. Non-respiratory functions of the lungs https://academic.oup.com/bjaed/article/13/3/98/278874
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STATEMENT OF NEED
Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is a rare, aggressive B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) accounting for 5% to 7% of all lymphomas. Its prognosis ranges from indolent disease that does not require treatment for years to very aggressive disease, which is associated with poor survival (Silkenstedt et al, 2021). Typically, MCL is diagnosed at advanced stage and in older patients who cannot tolerate intensive therapy (NCCN, 2022). Although recent advances have slightly increased remission rates, recurrence and relapse remain very common, leading to a median overall survival between 3 and 6 years (LLS, 2021). Though there are several effective options, progress is still needed towards establishing an accepted frontline approach for MCL (Castellino et al, 2022). Treatment selection and management of MCL are complicated by the heterogeneity of prognosis, advanced age and comorbidities of patients, and lack of an established standard approach for treatment, making it vital that clinicians be familiar with the latest research and advances in this area. In this activity chaired by Michael Wang, MD, Professor in the Department of Lymphoma & Myeloma at MD Anderson Cancer Center, expert faculty will discuss prognostic factors informing treatment, the promising results of recent trials in new therapeutic approaches, and the implications of treatment resistance in therapeutic selection for MCL.
Target Audience
Hematology/oncology fellows, attending faculty, and other health care professionals involved in the treatment of patients with mantle cell lymphoma (MCL).
Learning Objectives
1.) Identify clinical and biological prognostic factors that can guide treatment decision making for older adults with MCL
2.) Evaluate emerging data on targeted therapeutic approaches for treatment-naive and relapsed/refractory MCL and their applicability to older adults
3.) Assess mechanisms of resistance to targeted therapies for MCL and their implications for treatment selection
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Explore natural remedies for syphilis treatment in Singapore. Discover alternative therapies, herbal remedies, and lifestyle changes that may complement conventional treatments. Learn about holistic approaches to managing syphilis symptoms and supporting overall health.
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Prix Galien International 2024 Forum ProgramLevi Shapiro
June 20, 2024, Prix Galien International and Jerusalem Ethics Forum in ROME. Detailed agenda including panels:
- ADVANCES IN CARDIOLOGY: A NEW PARADIGM IS COMING
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- WHAT’S NEW IN THE TREATMENT OF INFECTIOUS,
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2. Outline
Introduction
Community defined
Community health assessment model
Community Stakeholders
Prioritizing methodology
Population and demographics of Dane County
Secondary data collection and analysis
Health indicator limitations
Main areas for opportunity
Top high needs / high priorities identified
Ten organizations that can help
Conclusion
References
3. Community Health Needs
Assessment
Introduction
A Community Health Needs Assessment
(CHNA) looks at the health of a community
by using data and collecting community
input. The CHNA provides a broad-ranging
view of health, and encompasses more
than vital statics. The assessment also
includes information on social
determinants of health, such as the local
economy, education, and social
environment. The CHNA can then be
used to assist in evaluating community
4. Subjective term
Public Perspective:
◦ World Health Organization (WHO) definition:
People within a fixed geographical location
Share social relationships
Identify with each other on a common interest or
goal
Community Defined
5. Public Health Perspective:
◦ Initial declaration of an agenda
◦ Describing intent
◦ Recognizes influencing stakeholders
◦ Identifies resources
◦ Optimizes data collection
Community Defined
6. Mobilizing for Action through Planning and
Partnership: MAPP
(NACCHO.org)
Role:
Engage the community in strategic
planning for improving health.
Concept:
When a community is provided with
the opportunity to take ownership of
their health planning the population’s
strengths needs and desires drive the
process.
Leading to:
Collective thinking, resulting in effective
sustainable solutions to complex
problems.
Community Health Assessment
Model
7. MAPP: Phases
Phase one: Organize for
success/partnership development
Lead organizations in the community begin
by organizing themselves and preparing to
implement community wide strategic
planning. This requires a high level of
commitment from stakeholders and the
community residents who are recruited to
participate. By systematically identifying
them it can be easier to utilize their skill sets.
Phase two: Vision
A shared common vision
provides framework for
pursing long range
community goals
What would our
community to look like in
ten years?
Community themes and strengths assessments: Provides a
deeper understanding of the issues residents feel are important
(playing into where will we be in ten years?)
What is important in our community?
How is the quality of life in our community?
What assets do we have that can be used to improve
community health?
Local public health
assessment:
Comprehensive
assessment of all of the
organizations and entities
that contribute to the
public’s health
What are the
activities
competencies and
capacities of our
local public health
system?
How are the
essential services
being provided to
our community?
Community health status assessment:
How healthy are the residents?
What does the health status of our
community look like?
Force of change
assessment:
What is occurring or
might be occurring that
affects the health of
our community or the
local public health
system?
What specific threats
or opportunist are
generated by these
occurrences?
Phase four: Identify strategic issues
Analyze the data gathered during the
four assessments to identify critical
issues.
Phase five: Formulate goals
and strategies
The fifth and sixth phases are
key in laying the groundwork
for implementing change. By
taking the time to adequately
plan, educate, and align goals
so the final action phase will
have a higher rate of return.
During this phase,
collaborative and directive
thinking occurs.
Phase six: The action cycle
County of Dane.com
To further emphasize the importance
of streamlining the implementation of
information, phase six cyclically
juggles planning, implementing, and
evaluating. By constantly going
through these steps the initiative can
continuously develop through
checks and balances.
(NACCHO.org)
Phase three: Four MAPP
assessments
Questions to ask stakeholders are
presented throughout the phases.
8. Community stakeholders
Major hospital and
clinic systems
Public Services Local insurance Centers for
physical activity
Community clubs
UW Health
VA Hospitals
Meriter Health
Systems
St. Mary’s Hospital
Dean Care
EPIC software
systems
Libraries
Religious groups/
worship centers
Civil services:
Police, fire
department, safety
department, health
department, public
instruction,
Governing bodies:
Capital is located in
. The city is a hub of
state and local
officials.
WPS
WEA
Physician’s Plus
Group health
Cuna Mutual
American Family
Dean Care
Locally owned
gyms
Commercial gyms
YMCA (none-profit
recreational
facilities)
Indoor/outdoor
recreational
facilities
Big Brothers Big Sisters
Boy Scouts and Girl
Scouts
4H
Community recreation
Special interest groups
-Urban League
Have first hand
interaction with
influencing the
physical and mental
health of the
community.
Collectively, these are
the largest employers
in and contain the
majority of doctors
and nurses.
The community
leaders who have an
influencing voice
over policy and
reform, its regulation,
and its development.
These companies
represent large
employer groups
and the
affordability of
health care.
Without strong
ties to the
community their
ability to create
adequate
coverage will be
They can be
evaluated to see
what tools and
resources
individuals and
families have for
physical activities.
Small communities
where people can
develop hobbies and
special interests to
create ties with others.
9. Prioritizing Methodology
Grid Strategy
Nominal Group Technique
When addressing health and wellbeing of an entire group of
individuals narrowing down the focus is optimal for efficiency. To
achieve efficiency, representatives from different pockets of the
community will be integral in organizing thoughts and prioritizing
interests. Roundtable discussions and voting will be helpful deciding
methods.
The strategy grid will be useful in pinpointing specific areas that will
have the opportunity for the greatest impact , further narrowing down
group discussions.
(NACCHO)
10. Grid Strategy
Low Need/High Feasibility
– Often politically
important and difficult to
eliminate, these items
may need to be re-
designed to reduce
investment while
maintaining impact.
Low Need/Low Feasibility
– With minimal return on
investment, these are the
lowest priority items and
should be phased out
allowing for resources to
be reallocated to higher
priority items.
High Need/High
Feasibility – With high
demand and high return on
investment, these are the
highest priority items and
should be given sufficient
resources to maintain and
continuously improve.
High Need/Low Feasibility
– These are long term
projects which have a great
deal of potential but will
require significant
investment. Focusing on too
many of these items can
overwhelm an agency.
(NACCHO)
11. Nominal Group Technique
Establish a
group of,
ideally, 6-20
people
Designate a
moderator to
take the lead
in
implementing
the process
Silent
brainstorming
Generate list
in round-robin
fashion
Simplify &
clarify
Group
discussion
Anonymou
s ranking
Repeat if
needed
(NACCHO)
12. Welcome to Dane County
Home of the Badgers
County of Dane.com
Established: December 7th, 1836
Home to the capital city: Madison
Area: 1,197 square miles of land,
41 square miles (3.3% of total
1,238 square miles) of water
13. Out of 72 Counties
Dane County is ranked:
• 3rd in Health Factors
(social and economic
factors)
•15th in Health Outcomes(CommunityCommons.org)
14. 6.16%
15.45%
13.29%
15.97%13.28%
13.96%
11.50%
10.40%
Age of Population by Percentage
Age 0-4
Age 5-17
Age 18-24
Age 25-34
Age 35-44
Age 45-54
Age 55-64
Age 65+
Population & demographics
64.15%
Ages: 0-44 years
old
13.96%
11.50%
10.40%
Age of Population by Percentage
Age 0-4
Age 5-17
Age 18-24
Age 25-34
Age 35-44
Age 45-54
Age 55-64
Age 65+
Note that the majority of the population is below the age of 44
(CountyHealthRankings.org)
16. Population &
demographics
Having a diverse population is a valuable asset to any
community. To understand how to balance needs and be
culturally sensitive projecting race and ethnicity of a
population is important. This encourages diversification
and establishes opportunities within the community for
resources development .
CommunityCommons.org)
17. Population & demographics:
Change by location from: 2000 - 2010
Note the population movement away from the downtown region. This is an
issue because public transportation routs are having a difficult time keeping up
with urban sprawl. The downtown area is the only region that provides easy
access to public transportation services such as bus, bicycle, quick access
cabs, and continuous, well lit trails or sidewalks options. Housing is also more
expensive downtown, yet some of the lowest income neighborhoods are
(CommunityCommons.org)
18. Poverty can result in an increased risk of mortality, prevalence of medical
conditions and disease incidence, depression, intimate partner violence, and
poor health behaviors.
While negative health effects resulting from poverty are present at all
ages, children and older adults in poverty experience greater morbidity and
mortality than younger individuals due to increased risk of accidental injury
and lack of health care access.
Risk of poor health and premature mortality may also be increased due to the
poor educational achievement associated with poverty. As it is often difficult to
escape from poverty, these groups captures an upstream measurement of
current and future poverty rate and health risk (CountyHealthRankings.org).
Population & demographics:
Income
19. Dane County has a large amount of individuals
who have attained secondary education or higher.
This is helpful in that individuals who have
achieved higher education generally have better
health. However, there is a large gap between
the population size of those who do not have
additional education, indicating a vulnerable
group. Currently 86% of kids are initially
graduating high school. This is low in comparison
to other counties (PHMD).
Population & demographics:
Education
20. Individuals who have a secondary education or higher is
the majority in Dane County.
This is most likely due to the location of the University of
Wisconsin-Madison and large employer groups such as
UW Health, Deancare, Meriter Hospital systems, and
Epic Systems Software Development. All of which
recruit a large number of highly educated employees
(PHMDC).
(Wonder.cdc.org)
Population & demographics:
Education
21. Secondary health indicators for
change
Access to health care
Health insurance coverage
Available providers
Heath care cost
Birth rate
Chronic disease
Obesity
Diabetes
Heart Disease
Cancer
22. When individuals go underinsured or uninsured they are more likely
to suffer financial hardship, less likely to seek timely care, have a
lower health status and run the risk of early death
(HealthyPeople2020). With mandates set forth by the Affordable
Care Act, data collection and insurance rates will be changing in
2014 (Countyhealthranking.org) .
Health insurance coverage
(CountyHealthRanking.org)
(Communitycommons.org)
23. Available providers
People with a fluid source of care have better health outcomes, fewer
disparities and lower costs. (HealthyPeople2020) In Dane county there is no
shortage of health care professionals; there is currently 159.6 physicians per
100 thousand people (DHHS).
The Health Services Research Administration projects that the primary care
nurse practitioners and physicians assistance workforce will also grow
substantially over the next ten years.
Dane County has an exceptional population to physician presence.
(CDC)
24. Health care cost
Establishing prevention and early care is
reflective in accrued cost in an aging population.
The ability to cover the cost of maintaining health
and quality of life for this population is in
question. In Dane County the percentage of
individuals over the age of 65 has risen from 10%
to 11% in the last three years and the cost of
providing health care is fluctuating as well. Health
care costs are an important measure of the
efficiency of a health care system.
(CountyHealthRanking..org)
25. Cost to see doctor
It is important to note that even with insurance the cost of receiving
care can be limiting for some individuals. This problem is gradually
increasing both in Dane County and state wide. He graph below
quantitatively compares the percentage of population in Dane
County that could not see a doctor due to excesive cost between the
years 2012 and 2014.
(CountyHealthRanking.org)
26. categories of health factors, including her health
behaviors, access to health care, the social and economic
environment she inhabits, and environmental risks to which
she is exposed. In terms of the infant’s health
outcomes, LBW serves as a predictor of premature mortality
and/or morbidity over the life course and for potential
cognitive development problems.
(CountyHealthRanking.org)
Birth weight
Low birth weight (LBW) represents two
factors: maternal exposure to health risks
and an infant’s current and future
morbidity, as well as premature mortality
risk. From the perspective of maternal health
outcomes, LBW indicates maternal exposure
to health risks in all
28. Pregnant teens are more likely than older women to receive late or
no prenatal care, have gestational hypertension and anemia, and
achieve poor maternal weight gain. Teens are also more likely than
older women to have a pre-term delivery and low birth weight
babies, increasing the risk of child developmental delay, illness, and
mortality (CountyHealthRanking.org). Dane County has a
reasonably low teen pregnancy rate and shows high rates of
pregnancies between the ages of 20-34 years.
Dane County shows signs of healthy
birth weights across all age categories.
Reviewing the age of the mother is
expressive of at risk pregnancies, family
planning/abstinence practices, and risky
behaviors among the population. Teen
pregnancy significantly increases the
risk of repeat pregnancy and of
contracting sexually transmitted
diseases.
Birth weight
29. Chronic diseases
Chronic diseases including
heart
disease, stroke, diabetes
, lung disease and cancer
are the leading causes of
death and disability in Dane
County, in Wisconsin and
the entire United States. To
a large degree, these
diseases can be
prevented, delayed and
controlled, allowing for
longer and healthier lives
(PHMDC). Dominant risk
factors include
smoking, obesity, and lack
of preventive screenings.
(PHMDC)
30. Obesity
Obesity is a complex measure that is affected through several different
pathways: genetics, metabolic processes, education, built
environment, behavioral choices, socioeconomic status and
education(CDC).
In comparison to county rankings in Wisconsin, obesity rates in Dane are
among the lowest, however, that does not mean the rate of prevalence is
acceptable. With 20.1% of adults in Dane County having a BMI of 30 or
greater serious concerns
about future health and the costs
of obesity-related diseases are
being raised. A current limitation
is that childhood obesity rates
are not available to provide a
more comprehensive measure of
the current and future health
risks of a county
(CountyHealthRanking.org).
31. Diabetes can lower life expectancy up to 15 years and increase the risk of
heart disease by 2 to 4 times. It is also the leading cause of kidney
failure, lower limb amputations, and adult-onset blindness in the United States.
(HealthyPeople2020) Encouraging regular preventive screenings and
maintenance is key in reducing these human and financial costs. In Dane
County, 4.2% (FindtheBest.com) of the population has been diagnosed with a
form of diabetes. With prevention in mind, the county has a high performance
of diabetic screenings, with a 92% participation rate; higher than the top U.S.
performers (90%) (CountyHealthRanking.org).
32. Heart disease
Currently heart disease is the
number one killer and stroke is
the third killer in both the United
States and Wisconsin
(HealthyPeople2020, PHMDC).
Cardiovascular health is
significantly influenced by the
physical, social, and political
environment. In Dane County its
rate of occurrence is high but
lower than the national and state
average with a prevalence of 136
deaths per 100,000 people
(PHMDC).
33. Cancer
Continued advances in cancer
research, detection, and treatment have
resulted in a decline in both incidence and
death rates for all cancers. Among people
who develop cancer, more than half will be
alive in 5 years. Yet, cancer remains a
leading cause of death in the United States
and in Wisconsin, second only to heart
disease. In Dane County it is the number
one cause of mortality with a prevalence of
138 deaths per 100,000 people. From
2001 to 2004, on average, 1,780 people in
Dane County were newly diagnosed with
cancers. That is a rate of 454 per
100,000, which is lower than Wisconsin’s
(471 per 100,000). The leading cancer
types are prostate, breast, lung and
colorectal, together representing 54% of
the new cases of cancers and 49% of the
(PHMDC)
34. Cancer and heart diseases are the two leading causes of
death, representing almost half of all deaths in Dane County. While in
Dane County the white population has a lower death rate than the
statewide white population for the leading causes of death, Dane County
black populations have death rates comparable to the black population
statewide. This creates a larger disparity in death rates between Blacks
and Whites in Dane County compared to the rest of Wisconsin. Dane
County Asians had lower death rates than Dane County Whites for
cancer, heart disease, and chronic lower respiratory disease, and higher
death rates than Dane County Whites for cerebrovascular diseases and
kidney disease, both of which are related to hypertension. Dane County
Hispanics’ death rates from the top 3 causes of death - cancer, heart
(PHMDC)
35. Health indicator limitations
Childhood obesity rates not available
◦ Important to determine if intervention is
needed.
Lacking primary source information
◦ Though the sources used are reputable only
secondary sources were used. To strengthen
the assessment, additional primary source
such as interviews, surveys, group
discussions, and observations should also be
used.
Drawing comparisons to other counties
◦ Dane county is unique in its size, political
bodies, business operations, and layout. In
comparing it to other counties with much
36. Health Care Reform
◦ The Affordable Care Act will change many health
outcomes, data collection, and sample sizes.
Being aware of the time of data collection will be
important in future information interpretation and
comparison.
Sample Group
◦ In using reputable secondary sources, sample
group selection is easier to be confident in. In
smaller group sizes ensuring that the group
selected accurately represents the population is
hugely important and difficult to assess purely from
the data consumer position.
Health indicator limitations
37. To evaluate the needs of Dane County, access to health care
services, chronic diseases conditions, nutrition and weight
status, and physical activity indicators were examined. These
indicators qualitatively and quantitative give a big picture view of
the past experiences, current trends, and future needs of the
communities within Dane County and how the population compares
against Wisconsin and in some instances, the top U.S. performers.
As Dane County is ranked 15th out of the 72 counties in Wisconsin
in overall health status, (CommunityCommons.org) based on the
information discussed throughout, there are many current health
assets for the population to build upon and advance with.
However, there are five major indicators that stood out, of
those, two were identified as specific areas for improvement.
CHNA needs identified
38. Main areas for opportunity
Based on the health indicators listed the
main areas for opportunity include:
Integrating the younger and older
populations together
The African American population is
showing signs of struggling in prevalence
of younger pregnancy ages, lower
income, lower educational
achievements. Focus on increasing
opportunity and access to resources for
the given population.
39. Obesity prevention to alleviate the
effects of chronic health conditions.
Increase high school graduation rates to
increase opportunities later in life.
Heart disease and stroke rates are high.
Focus on preventive care and
community climate towards heart
disease instigators such as food options
and physical activity.
41. High school graduation rate
By focusing additional attention to
educational achievement of youth
future opportunities will become more
easily attainable as they age. These
benefits are often seen in the form of
better health and self-sustainable
economic security both of which lead
to a higher quality of life and longevity.
42. Obesity
Obesity, like education, statistically
compares well to other locations in
Wisconsin and the United States.
However, that doesn’t mean that the
statistical values are effective for
maintenance and prevention throughout
the population. As mentioned Obesity is
complex in its measurements and effects
on the individual and the population. By
decreasing its prevalence the impact of
many additional chronic health
43. Ten organizations that can
help
Planned Parent Hood
Urban League of Madison Area
YMCA of Dane County
School Districts of Dane County
Big Brother’s Big Sisters of Dane County
Literacy network
Hospital/clinics in Dane County
MSCR Madison School & Community Recreation
United Way of Dane County
Options in Community Living Inc.
44. “Data is used to create information.
Information is used to create knowledge.
Knowledge is used to create
understanding. Understanding is used to
create wisdom to make good decisions.”
Bill Schrum
UW Medical Foundation
Human Resources Vice President
45. Mr. Schrum’s words emphasize the
snowball effect that efficient data
collection can have and its potential to
impact a community. In comparison to
Wisconsin and the United States Dane
County is in good health standings but
there will always be room for
improvement.
Conclusion
A Community Health Needs Assessment (CHNA) looks at the health of a community by using data and collecting community input. The CHNA provides a broad-ranging view of health, encompasses more than vital statics. The assessment also includes information on social determinants of health, such as the local economy, education, social environment and transportation. The outcome is the CHNA can then be used to assist in evaluating community health programming.
Community is a subjective term that can mean different things to different people in different circumstances. From a public perspective, a community can be defined as a group of people with diverse characteristics linked by social ties, share common perspectives, and engage in joint actions in given geographical location or other settings. (Community Toolbox 2012:Section 3) The World Health Organization (WHO) defines a community as people within a fixed a geographical location that share social relationships and identify with each other on a common interest or goal. The community that an individual identifies with can fluctuate and says a lot about a person and their perception of their environment.
From the disciplinary perspective of public health, defining community boundaries allows optimal data collection and directs the perspective of observation. When conducting an assessment, defining community is seen as the initial declaration of an agenda for health improvement; describing intent and introducing the area of focus. This allows influencing agents to be recognized, identifies resources, and highlights connections. By addressing and placing value in relationships within defined groups, cohesive integrity can be realized, allowing intensions, words, and actions to align towards a common goal. (Community Toolbox 2012:Section 3)
MAPP stands for Mobilizing for Action through Planning and Partnership. The role of this community assessment is to engage the community in strategic planning for improving health. The concept is that when a community is provided with the opportunity to take ownership of their health planning the population’s strengths needs and desires drive the process. This leads to collective thinking, resulting in effective sustainable solutions to complex problems. NACCHO.org There are many methods that can be successfully used for assessing a community. MAPP is advantageous because of it guides organizations towards a common goal and emphasizes interrelationships amongst community members. In order to articulate importance and value, belief and understanding must be present. The application of the MAPP model draws attention to community engagement in and during its delivery. The National Association of County and City Health Officials (NACCHO), the originator of the model, has created a complimentary MAPP Network for past, present, and future MAPP communities. By creating a checks and balance support system, efficient implementation and evaluation can consistently take place. Through the insurance of consistency, confident record keeping with replicable results are feasible. In generating logical data, stakeholders can safely vest interest in the use and future growth of gathered information.
Phase one: Organize for success/partnership developmentLead organizations in the community begin by organizing themselves and preparing to implement community wide strategic planning. This requires a high level of commitment from stakeholders and the community residents who are recruited to participate. By systematically identifying them it can be easier to utilize their skill sets. Phase two: VisionA shared common vision provides framework for pursing long range community goalsWhat would our community to look like in ten years? Phase three: Four MAPP assessments are conducted: Community themes and strengths assessments: Provides a deeper understanding of the issues residents feel are important (playing into where will we be in ten years?)What is important in our community?How is the quality of life in our community?What assets do we have that can be used to improve community health?Local public health assessment: Comprehensive assessment of all of the organizations and entities that contribute to the public’s healthWhat are the activities competencies and capacities of our local public health system? How are the essential services being provided to our community?Community health status assessment:How healthy are the residents?What does the health status of our community look like?Force of change assessment:What is occurring or might be occurring that affects the health of our community or the local public health system?What specific threats or opportunist are generated by these occurrences? Phase four: Identify strategic issuesAnalyze the data gathered during the four assessments to identify critical issues. Phase five: Formulate goals and strategiesThe fifth and sixth phases are key in laying the groundwork for implementing change. By taking the time to adequately plan, educate, and align goals so the final action phase will have a higher rate of return. During this phase, collaborative and directive thinking occurs. Phase six: The action cycleCounty of Dane.comTo further emphasize the importance of streamlining the implementation of information, phase six cyclically juggles planning, implementing, and evaluating. By constantly going through these steps the initiative can continuously develope through checks and balances. (NACCHO.org)
High Need/High Feasibility – With high demand and high return on investment, these are the highest priority items and should be given sufficient resources to maintain and continuously improve.• Low Need/High Feasibility – Often politically important and difficult to eliminate, these items may need to be re-designed to reduce investment while maintaining impact.• High Need/Low Feasibility – These are long term projects which have a great deal of potential but will require significant investment. Focusing on too many of these items can overwhelm an agency.• Low Need/Low Feasibility – With minimal return on investment, these are the lowest priority items and should be phased out allowing for resources to be reallocated to higher priority items.
Select criteria – Choose two broad criteria that are currently most relevant to the agency (e.g. ‘importance/urgency,’ ‘cost/impact,’ ‘need/feasibility,’ etc.). Competing activities, projects or programs will be evaluated against how well this set of criteria is met. The example strategy grid below uses ‘Need’ and ‘Feasibility’ as the criteria. 2. Create a grid – Set up a grid with four quadrants and assign one broad criteria to each axis. Create arrows on the axes to indicate ‘high’ or ‘low,’ as shown below. 3. Label quadrants – Based on the axes, label each quadrant as either ‘High Need/High Feasibility,’ ‘High Need/Low Impact,’ ‘Low Need/High Feasibility,’ ‘Low Need/Low Feasibility.’ 4. Categorize & Prioritize - Place competing activities, projects, or programs in the appropriate quadrant based on the quadrant labhttp://www.naccho.org/topics/infrastructure/accreditation/upload/Prioritization-Summaries-and-Examples.pdfels.
Establish a group of, ideally, 6-20 people to participate in the process and designate a moderator to take the lead. The moderator should clarify the objective and the process. This method is useful in the early phases of prioritization when there exists a need to generate a lot of ideas in a short amount of time. Input from multiple individuals can be taken into consideration through discussion and voting. 2. Silent brainstorming – The moderator should state the subject of the brainstorming and instruct the group to silently generate ideas and listthem on a sheet of paper.3. Generate list in round-robin fashion – The moderator should solicit one idea from each participant and list them on a flip chart for the group to view. This process should be repeated until all ideas and recommendations are listed.4. Simplify & clarify –The moderator then reads aloud each item in sequence and the group responds with feedback on how to condense or group items. Participants also provide clarification for any items that others find unclear.5. Group discussion – The moderator facilitates a group discussion on how well each listed item measures up to the criteria that was determined by the team prior to the NGT process.6. Anonymous ranking – On a note card, all participants silently rank each listed health problems on a scale from 1 to 10 (can be altered based on needs of agency) and the moderator collects, tallies, and calculates total scores.7. Repeat if desired – Once the results are displayed, the group can vote to repeat the process if items on the list receive tied scores or if the results need to be narrowed down further.
Note the majority of the population is younger. This influences emphasis of resources and the majority of activities that take place throughout the county. Age distribution throughout the population could be problematic if the group isn’t given the proper attention.
Dane County is also the second most populated county in Wisconsin, boasting a county population density of 355 people per square mile, whose median age is 33, with 100 females for every 97 males. (US Census Bureau, 2010) Figures 2 through 6 represent key demographic facts about the population of Dane County.
According to the U.S. Census Bureau Decennial Census, between 2000 and 2010 the population in the report area grew by 61547 persons, a change of 14.43%. A significant positive or negative shift in total population over time impacts healthcare providers and the utilization of community resources.
Dane county continues to see population expansion, growing at a rate of 9% in the last decade (2000-2010). (County of Dane, 2010) When compared against the rest of the state and nation, Dane County has strong economic place holdings with total jobs figured at 284,443 and unemployment at 5.1% in May of 2011. Five of the eleven sectors saw growth, with the fastest gains in the professional and business services with 2.5%. Education and Health, representing the largest employment in the County, increased by 1.4% from 2009 to 77,342 jobs in 2010. These jobs contribute to the average median household income of $59,826. (County of Dane, 2010)As urban sprawl continues to expand city boundaries within the county, public transportation has also expanded to keep up. Total metro fixed route ridership was 13.62% in 2010, showing a 50% increase since 1990. When not taking public transportation, the mean commute time to work for an individual motorist was an average of 19.9 minutes. (Capital Area RPC, 2011, p. 12)Limited access to transportation also means limited access to work and healthy options such as primary care providers and foods.Access to quality health opportunities is important for the achievement of health equity and for increasing the quality of a healthy living for the community. In understanding the community’s ease of access to care, disparities can be alleviated and areas of improvement can be targeted.
The top private sector employers in Dane county include Epic Systems, American Family Insurance, University of Wisconsin Medical Foundation and Health, SSM Healthcare of Wisconsin, Meritor Hospital, Dean Medical Center Healthcare, Wisconsin Physician Services, American Girl, Walgreens, and Cuna Mutual Insurance. The University of Wisconsin – Madison continues to be among top recipients of federal research funding, and is a center of world class high-tech and bio-tech research and facilities. This is important to note because this contributes to high educational standards (made clear with 38% of the county’s population having a bachelors degree or higher), a diverse economy, and important partnerships between the public and private sectors.
CountyHealthRanking.org) Adequate health insurance coverage distributes the cost of care across a larger population. When health care is utilized, proper coverage makes receipt of care more manageable. However, when individuals go underinsured or uninsured they are more likely to suffer financial hardship, less likely to seek timely care, have a lower health status and run the risk of early death. (HealthyPeople2020) See Graph 1 to view the number of uninsured individuals under 65 by year in Dane County, Wisconsin, and United States. It is important to note that even with insurance the cost of receiving care can be limiting for some individuals. This problem is gradually increasing both in Dane County and state wide. View Graph 2 to quantitatively compare the percentage of population in Dane County that could not see a doctor due to cost between the years 2012 and 2014. With mandates set forth by the Affordable Care Act, data collection and insurance rates will be changing in 2014. (countyhealthranking.org)
Available Providers (CDC) In 2013, the NPI had an 817:1 ratio of population to registered primary care physicians and a 951:1 ratio of population to other primary care providers. In comparison to national rankings of top U.S. performers (1,051:1) and state performance (1,233:1),
Heath Care CostGraph 3 (CountyHealthRanking..org) Establishing prevention and early care is reflective in accrued cost in an aging population. By the year 2030, nationally, people eligible to receive Medicare is projected to jump from 17% to 23% of the total population. The ability to cover the cost of maintaining health and quality of life for this population is in question. In Dane County the percentage of individuals over the age of 65 has risen from 10% to 11% in the last three years and as the Graph 3 shows the cost of providing health care is fluctuating as well. Health care costs are an important measure of the efficiency of a health care system. As every environment and population is different, establishing a benchmark for health spending has not been established. (CountyHealthRanking.org)
Graph 4 (Wonder.CDC.gov)Age of MotherGraph 4 represents the weight of live births per 1,000 mothers of designated age ranges. This information is valuable for many reasons. Low birth weight is the percent of live births for which the infant weighed less than 2,500 grams (approximately 5 lbs., 8 oz.). Low birth weight (LBW) represents two factors: maternal exposure to health risks and an infant’s current and future morbidity, as well as premature mortality risk. From the perspective of maternal health outcomes, LBW indicates maternal exposure to health risks in all categories of health factors, including her health behaviors, access to health care, the social and economic environment she inhabits, and environmental risks to which she is exposed. In terms of the infant’s health outcomes, LBW serves as a predictor of premature mortality and/or morbidity over the life course and for potential cognitive development problems(CountyHealthRanking.org). Dane county shows signs of healthy birth weights across all age categories. Reviewing the age of the mother is expressive of risky pregnancies, family planning/abstinence practices, and risky behaviors among the population. Teen pregnancy significantly increases the risk of repeat pregnancy and of contracting sexually transmitted diseases. According to CountyHealthRanking.org, systematic review of the sexual risk among pregnant and mothering teens concludes that pregnancy is a marker for current and future sexual risk behavior and adverse outcomes. Pregnant teens are more likely than older women to receive late or no prenatal care, have gestational hypertension and anemia, and achieve poor maternal weight gain. Teens are also more likely than older women to have a pre-term delivery and low birth weight babies, increasing the risk of child developmental delay, illness, and mortality(CountyHealthRanking.org). Dane county has a reasonably low teen pregnancy rate and shows high rates of pregnancies between the ages of 20-34 years.
(PHMDC)
In adults, overweight is defined as a BMI between 25 and 29.9; obese or obesity is defined as a BMI ≥30. In children, overweightis defined as a BMI >85-94.9% of youth their age and sex; obese or obesity is defined as a BMI ≥95% of youth their age and sex (CDC)
Heart Disease Currently heart disease is the number one killer and stroke is the third killer in both the United States and Wisconsin. (HealthyPeople2020, PHMDC) Cardiovascular health is significantly influenced by the physical, social, and political environment. In Dane County its rate of occurrence is high but lower than the national and state average with a prevalence of 136 deaths per 100,000 people (PHMDC).
Cancer (PHMDC)
(PHMDC).
Catholic Health Association of the United States. (2012). Assessing and addressing community health needs. Discussion draft: pp. 65-83. St. Louis, MO: Catholic Health Association.
References: 2011. Dane County, Wisconsin (WI) Religion Statistics Profile – Madison, Fitchburg, Sun Prairie, Middleton, Stoughton. City-Data.com.Retrieved from:http://www.city-data.com/county/religion/Dane-County-WI.htmlA strategic approach to community health improvement field guide. (n.d.). Retrieved from National Association of County & City Health Officials online Adelman, L. Chisolm, R., Fortier, J., Garcia Rios, P., 2008. Unnatural causes: is inequality making us sick?. California Newsreel. San Francisco, California. Retrieved from: www.unnaturalcauses.orgCatholic Health Association of the United States. (2012). Assessing and addressing community health needs. Discussion draft: pp. 65-83. St. Louis, MO: Catholic Health Association. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 2012. Overweight and obesity: Causes and consequences. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Retrieved from: http://www.cdc.gov/obesity/adult/defining.html Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. CDC Wonder. Retrieved from: http://wonder.cdc.gov/ The Community Toolbox. (2013). Chapters1, 2, & 3. University of KansasRetrieved from: http://ctb.ku.edu/en/table-of-contents County Health Rankings. 2013. Compare counties in Wisconsin. Retrieved from: http://www.countyhealthrankings.org/app/#!/wisconsin/2014/rankings/dane/county/outcomes/overall/snapshot County of Dane. 2010. Dane County Economy Fact Sheet.Retrieved Fromhttp://pdf.countyofdane.com/prosperitydane/dc_economy_fact_sheet_july_17.pdf Dane County, Wisconsin Home Page. 2014. Retrieved from:https://www.countyofdane.comNACCHO.org. 2009. First Things First: Prioritizing Health Problems. Retrieved from: http://www.naccho.org/topics/infrastructure/accreditation/upload/Prioritization-Summaries-and-Examples.pdf Public Health, Madison & Dane County. 2014. Chronic Disease Prevention. Retrieved from:http://www.publichealthmdc.com/family/chronicDisease/ Public Health, Madison & Dane County. 2014. Obesity & Prevention. Retrieved from:http://www.publichealthmdc.com/family/documents/ObesityPrevSvcsComm.pdf Public Health, Madison & Dane County. 2010. Health at a Glance. Retrieved from:http://www.publichealthmdc.com/publications/documents/AtAGlanceWeb2008.pdf Smith, A. Reports Argued and Determined in the Supreme Court of the State of Wisconsin June Term 1837 and January term 1858.. Vilas vs. Reynolds. Beloit: E.E. Hale & Co. 1858. p. 215. Retrieved from:http://books.google.com/books?id=Qf4aAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA215#v=onepage&q&f=falseU. S. Census Bureau. (2000). American FactFinder: Dane County, WI. Retrieved from: http://factfinder2.census.gov/faces/nav/jsf/pages/community_facts.xhtml U. S. Census Bureau. (2008). American FactFinder: Dane County, WI. Retrieved from: http://factfinder2.census.gov/faces/nav/jsf/pages/community_facts.xhtml U. S. Census Bureau. (2010). American FactFinder: Dane County, WI. Retrieved from: http://factfinder2.census.gov/faces/nav/jsf/pages/community_facts.xhtml U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. 2014. FindTheBest, Dane County, Wisconsin Health Report. Retrieved from: http://county-health.findthebest.com/l/3059/Dane-County-Wisconsin