The document discusses emerging trends in technology and their effects on education and society. It outlines several trends, including the growth of the internet of things and connected devices, increasing data storage and sharing through cloud computing, new forms of online publishing and sharing, and advances in fields like 3D printing, robotics, renewable energy, and medicine. It suggests that education will be transformed as technologies become more ubiquitous and learning shifts to an "anytime, anywhere" model relying more on online resources than traditional classroom instruction. Overall, the trends highlighted in the document point to a future with far-reaching changes driven by continuous technological innovation.
This document discusses analog versus digital systems and the digital revolution. It notes that analog values are continuous while digital values are discrete. It gives examples of analog clocks and temperature measurements versus digital clocks. The document then discusses how many devices have been converted from analog to digital, including record albums to CDs, VHS tapes to DVDs, and analog TV to digital TV. Finally, it briefly explains how CD players work by taking the digital data from the CD and converting it to an analog audio signal for playback through speakers.
The digital world refers to the use of digital tools and technologies to communicate over the internet and through digital devices. Digital technology has transformed many aspects of modern life like travel, work, shopping, and communication. As devices have become more compact, fast, and versatile, huge amounts of information can now be stored and shared virtually instantaneously. However, the increased use of digital technologies also brings some disadvantages like privacy and security concerns, crime, anonymity, and plagiarism. While the internet allows for greater connectivity, some argue it has caused people to lose touch with reality and spend more time in virtual worlds rather than accepting real life.
A little presentation/discussion about current and emerging technologies in libraries, as well as library/web 2.0., user generated content, and social media by robin fay, georgiawebgurl@gmail.com (Keynote address to GPLS Annual 2009)
January 2024. Sustainable IT (Information Technology), also called Green IT, includes the development, manufacturing, utilization, management, and disposal of Information Technology in ways that are resource-efficient and environmentally responsible.
Sustainable IT benefits: (1) Cost savings: energy, water, resources, materials, and waste management (2) Enterprise social image enhancement: many customers prefer to buy from businesses with sustainable practices (3) Positive environmental impact: less emissions and waste generation maximized by the use of clean renewable energy sources.
Sustainable IT challenges: (1) High initial costs (2) Lack of green software (3) Lack of coding standards (4) Lack of implementation experience (5) Difficulty in identifying optimum sustainable practices (6) High energy use and emissions during development.
Sustainable IT implementation steps using Artificial intelligence (AI): (1) Reduce emissions and water consumption (2) Improve energy efficiency (3) Monitor compliance (4) Benchmark sustainability efforts (5) Improve social impact and data governance.
A green data center is an enterprise-class data center that is entirely designed, run, and operated using green technologies to maximize energy efficiency and minimize the carbon footprint.
Examples of green technologies include software optimization, artificial intelligence, multi-site resilience, liquid cooling, renewable energy, waste heat utilization, idle time minimization, smart grids, and efficient lighting.
Policy wise, in September 2023, the SDG Digital Summit was launched with the aim of scaling digital SDG solutions through high impact initiatives. The SDG Digital Acceleration Agenda is a collaboration between the International Telecommunication Union (ITU) and the United Nations Development Program (UNDP) that highlights the importance of digital technologies in achieving 70% of the 169 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs).
In this slideshow, you will learn about the definition, benefits, challenges, green data center, green technologies, UN policy, global statistics, and market value of the sustainable IT industry. For more slideshows on environmental sustainability, please visit s2adesign.com
This document discusses resistors, including what they are, their types, connections, color codes, and power ratings. Resistors are passive components that implement electrical resistance and obey Ohm's law. There are fixed and variable types, and variable types include rheostats, potentiometers, and resistors whose value changes with temperature, humidity, light exposure or voltage. Resistors can be connected in series or parallel, and their values are indicated by color bands following a standard code. Power ratings specify the maximum power a resistor can safely dissipate.
This document provides an overview of teaching technology to children. It discusses the three strands of technology: Strand A focuses on practical skills, Strand B covers terminology and methods, and Strand C examines the history and impact of technology. Various learning intentions and activities are presented to help teachers develop lessons on the nature of technology, including defining technology, understanding how it has shaped our lives, and creating teaching strategies. The document emphasizes developing students' broad understanding of technology beyond just the tools or activities they are engaged with.
This ppt is explained for automatic door opening system using PIR sensor.This proposes a system of automatic opening and closing of door by sensing any body movement near the door.
Edgefxkits.com has a wide range of electronic projects ideas that are primarily helpful for ECE, EEE and EIE students and the ideas can be applied for real life purposes as well.
http://www.edgefxkits.com/
Visit our page to get more ideas on popular electronic projects developed by professionals.
Edgefx provides free verified electronic projects kits around the world with abstracts, circuit diagrams, and free electronic software. We provide guidance manual for Do It Yourself Kits (DIY) with the modules at best price along with free shipping.
The document discusses emerging trends in technology and their effects on education and society. It outlines several trends, including the growth of the internet of things and connected devices, increasing data storage and sharing through cloud computing, new forms of online publishing and sharing, and advances in fields like 3D printing, robotics, renewable energy, and medicine. It suggests that education will be transformed as technologies become more ubiquitous and learning shifts to an "anytime, anywhere" model relying more on online resources than traditional classroom instruction. Overall, the trends highlighted in the document point to a future with far-reaching changes driven by continuous technological innovation.
This document discusses analog versus digital systems and the digital revolution. It notes that analog values are continuous while digital values are discrete. It gives examples of analog clocks and temperature measurements versus digital clocks. The document then discusses how many devices have been converted from analog to digital, including record albums to CDs, VHS tapes to DVDs, and analog TV to digital TV. Finally, it briefly explains how CD players work by taking the digital data from the CD and converting it to an analog audio signal for playback through speakers.
The digital world refers to the use of digital tools and technologies to communicate over the internet and through digital devices. Digital technology has transformed many aspects of modern life like travel, work, shopping, and communication. As devices have become more compact, fast, and versatile, huge amounts of information can now be stored and shared virtually instantaneously. However, the increased use of digital technologies also brings some disadvantages like privacy and security concerns, crime, anonymity, and plagiarism. While the internet allows for greater connectivity, some argue it has caused people to lose touch with reality and spend more time in virtual worlds rather than accepting real life.
A little presentation/discussion about current and emerging technologies in libraries, as well as library/web 2.0., user generated content, and social media by robin fay, georgiawebgurl@gmail.com (Keynote address to GPLS Annual 2009)
January 2024. Sustainable IT (Information Technology), also called Green IT, includes the development, manufacturing, utilization, management, and disposal of Information Technology in ways that are resource-efficient and environmentally responsible.
Sustainable IT benefits: (1) Cost savings: energy, water, resources, materials, and waste management (2) Enterprise social image enhancement: many customers prefer to buy from businesses with sustainable practices (3) Positive environmental impact: less emissions and waste generation maximized by the use of clean renewable energy sources.
Sustainable IT challenges: (1) High initial costs (2) Lack of green software (3) Lack of coding standards (4) Lack of implementation experience (5) Difficulty in identifying optimum sustainable practices (6) High energy use and emissions during development.
Sustainable IT implementation steps using Artificial intelligence (AI): (1) Reduce emissions and water consumption (2) Improve energy efficiency (3) Monitor compliance (4) Benchmark sustainability efforts (5) Improve social impact and data governance.
A green data center is an enterprise-class data center that is entirely designed, run, and operated using green technologies to maximize energy efficiency and minimize the carbon footprint.
Examples of green technologies include software optimization, artificial intelligence, multi-site resilience, liquid cooling, renewable energy, waste heat utilization, idle time minimization, smart grids, and efficient lighting.
Policy wise, in September 2023, the SDG Digital Summit was launched with the aim of scaling digital SDG solutions through high impact initiatives. The SDG Digital Acceleration Agenda is a collaboration between the International Telecommunication Union (ITU) and the United Nations Development Program (UNDP) that highlights the importance of digital technologies in achieving 70% of the 169 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs).
In this slideshow, you will learn about the definition, benefits, challenges, green data center, green technologies, UN policy, global statistics, and market value of the sustainable IT industry. For more slideshows on environmental sustainability, please visit s2adesign.com
This document discusses resistors, including what they are, their types, connections, color codes, and power ratings. Resistors are passive components that implement electrical resistance and obey Ohm's law. There are fixed and variable types, and variable types include rheostats, potentiometers, and resistors whose value changes with temperature, humidity, light exposure or voltage. Resistors can be connected in series or parallel, and their values are indicated by color bands following a standard code. Power ratings specify the maximum power a resistor can safely dissipate.
This document provides an overview of teaching technology to children. It discusses the three strands of technology: Strand A focuses on practical skills, Strand B covers terminology and methods, and Strand C examines the history and impact of technology. Various learning intentions and activities are presented to help teachers develop lessons on the nature of technology, including defining technology, understanding how it has shaped our lives, and creating teaching strategies. The document emphasizes developing students' broad understanding of technology beyond just the tools or activities they are engaged with.
This ppt is explained for automatic door opening system using PIR sensor.This proposes a system of automatic opening and closing of door by sensing any body movement near the door.
Edgefxkits.com has a wide range of electronic projects ideas that are primarily helpful for ECE, EEE and EIE students and the ideas can be applied for real life purposes as well.
http://www.edgefxkits.com/
Visit our page to get more ideas on popular electronic projects developed by professionals.
Edgefx provides free verified electronic projects kits around the world with abstracts, circuit diagrams, and free electronic software. We provide guidance manual for Do It Yourself Kits (DIY) with the modules at best price along with free shipping.
While technology provides many benefits like increased efficiency and access to information, it also comes with disadvantages. As society becomes more dependent on technology, people rely on it for everyday tasks and can feel disabled when systems fail. Additionally, technological advances reduce the need for human workers as machines can perform the same tasks. This decreases the value of human labor and can negatively impact employment globally. However, technology also allows for cost-savings for businesses.
What does the world look like in the year 2025? Digital living evangelist, Lindsay Smith, explores the communications and technology journey that has revolutionized the 21st century.
Are you ready for the changes that will come in this lifetime?
Technology Creates Social Isolation and Neurosis saraalmond
This document discusses social isolation and its relationship with technology use. It defines social isolation as a lack of communication or cooperation between individuals, often resulting in conflict. The document explores how excessive use of technology like cell phones, computers, social media, video games and television can lead to social isolation by taking away from face-to-face interactions and human connection. While technology enables communication, it can also be addicting and deprive people of real-life social interaction. The document cites research showing that increased social isolation is linked to greater health risks and conditions like depression.
The document discusses Internet of Things (IoT). It defines IoT as the network of physical objects embedded with sensors, software and connectivity that allows them to collect and exchange data. The document outlines the history of IoT and how it works by connecting physical objects through various technologies like RFID, sensors and wireless networks. It provides examples of applications of IoT in various domains like healthcare, transportation, manufacturing etc. It also discusses the current status and future prospects of IoT along with technological challenges and criticisms around privacy, security and control issues.
Moore's Law states that the number of transistors on integrated circuits doubles approximately every 18 months, leading to increased computing power at reduced cost over time. This advancement in computer hardware and software enabled the development of ERP systems by making the required technology affordable. ERP systems provide integrated management of business processes and information across functional areas like finance, HR, supply chain, and customers. Moore's Law continues to be an important driver of technological progress and the evolution of ERP systems.
E waste management seminar ppt (auto recovered)Satish Vasukuri
The document is a technical seminar report on e-waste management submitted for a bachelor's degree. It discusses e-waste, which refers to discarded electronic products such as computers, phones, and other electronics. E-waste is growing rapidly due to the short life cycles and frequent upgrades of electronic devices. It poses environmental and health risks if not properly managed as it contains toxic materials like lead, mercury, and chemicals. The report examines the global challenge of increasing e-waste and methods to manage e-waste through reducing, recovering, and recycling electronic waste.
Engineers are often required to act as expert witnesses and advisors. As expert witnesses, they must provide independent and impartial evidence to help explain technical issues to courts or tribunals. They may need to prepare reports, meet with other experts, and provide testimony in trials. As advisors, engineers must study problems objectively and consider all technical, economic, environmental, and social aspects before formulating recommendations. They should serve the public interest above all others and adopt a value-guided advocacy role. Choosing experts with clear communication skills and authoritative knowledge is paramount.
Applications of IOT (internet of things)Vinesh Gowda
Smart homes are a top Internet of Things application, with over $2.5 billion in funding for startups creating connected home devices. Wearable devices are also popular, including smart watches and glasses that can be worn on the wrist or head. Smart cities use Internet of Things sensors to manage infrastructure like traffic and utilities more efficiently. The smart grid uses automated sensors and analytics to deliver power more reliably and reduce costs and emissions. Industrial Internet of Things aims to improve business operations through connected machinery and analytics.
The document discusses green computing and its importance. It describes green computing as minimizing the carbon footprint of computing through efficient resource use. It outlines some approaches like using eco-friendly materials in manufacturing and more energy efficient displays. It also discusses challenges like increasing data center energy needs and electronic waste disposal. The future of green computing is explored through concepts like solar-powered and recyclable paper laptops. The conclusion emphasizes that green computing requires efforts from both the IT industry and governments to further reduce energy consumption and move towards more sustainable practices.
Technology has had a significant impact on modern society. It has made many tasks easier by allowing people to accomplish things from home without leaving. However, overreliance on technology has also negatively impacted family and social interactions, as people spend more time online than enjoying life together in person. While technology offers conveniences, it is also reducing important real-world skills like communication and basic math, and shifting communication primarily to social media instead of in-person interactions. Both benefits and drawbacks of technology must be recognized.
What is E-waste? – What causes E-waste?: Rapid development of upgraded electronic equipments forces the disposal of outdated equipments. – What makes E-waste hazardous?: All electronic equipments are made up of materials, which are harmful to human and pollute the environment when exposed. The harmful materials used in the manufacture of electronic equipments are Lead, Mercury, Plastics, CFCs, Cadmium, etc. – Current status of E-waste: E-waste now a day’s forces the world experts to turn back, as it’s a rapid growing problem in the developed and developing countries to recycle it or to dispose it safely so that they don’t pose any environmental pollution or hazards. – What caused the current state of E-waste: The lack of awareness about the hazardous & polluting nature of E-waste. And the cost to recycle E-wastes. – How to control E-waste? Reduce and Recycle: When a equipment is not working it doesn’t mean that the whole equipment has spoiled but generally just one part. By trying to use the equipments as long as possible by getting it repaired at service centers helps in reducing the accumulation of E-wastes. On the other hand certain equipments have to be disposed, at that time recycling of them prevents E-waste. – How to recycle?: The recycling of E-waste is not a simple process that can be performed all were, as they deal with harmful materials, and which requires lot of stuffs. The recycle of E-waste is done in many categories according to the material out of which it is made. – Benefits of recycling E-waste: The electronic equipments are made of material or resources such as Lead, Mercury, Plastics, CFCs, Cadmium, etc., which are nonrenewable can be recovered by the recycling process. Thus preventing nonrenewable resources from becoming extinct. Due to the availability of resources by recycling too they may account for the decrease in cost of the equipments. – Why recycling of E-waste is costly: The recycling of E-waste is costly when compared to recycling of other matters. This is because the composition of the equipments are harmful the recycling of which should be done with extensive care in hi-tech manner with expensive tools. The recycling of E-waste requires large labor as the primary aspect of recycling them is to categories them in metals, plastic, glass, etc., for further processing. As major constituent of E-waste is circuit board the de-soldering of which requires labor? These things makes recycling of E-waste costly. – Steps to control E-waste: The major reason of E-waste is the lack of awareness about it among the consumers of the electronic equipments. The control of E-waste can be achieved by creating awareness to the consumers about the hazardous nature of the equipments on disposal while selling the products. The E-waste recycle centers should be in reach of the consumers to disclose them safely to the recycler. The produce of the electronic equipments can implement the E-waste recycle unit
The Raspberry Pi is a credit-card sized computer that can connect to keyboards, monitors and TVs to function similarly to a desktop computer. It was developed by the Raspberry Pi Foundation in the UK to inspire teaching of basic computer science in schools and develop interest in programming. While low in cost at $25-35, the Raspberry Pi runs Linux and can be used for a variety of applications including robotics, programming practice and basic computing tasks.
A brief introduction to the Eurotech Group and Eurotech’s M2M Field-to-Application Building Blocks for Smart City Applications
M2M Applications and Use Cases: Industrial Air Conditioning System Monitoring, Environmental Monitoring, Retail Shop Performance Measurement, Retail Energy and Asset Management, Elderly Living Project, Taxi Queue Optimization, Parking Management, Cool Chain Monitoring and Fleet Management Optimization
It is designed to measure the distance of any object by using an ultrasonic transducer. Ultrasonic means of distance measurement is a convenient method compared to traditional one using measurement scales.This kind of measurement is particularly applicable to inaccessible areas where traditional means cannot be implemented such as high temperature, pressure zones etc.
The document discusses the impact of technology on employment, noting that 320,000 industrial robots were sold in the last two years. It shows that the majority of jobs are now in the services sector rather than agriculture or industry. The fastest growing jobs are those related to software engineering and computer support, while traditional jobs like butchers, secretaries, and cashiers are among the most vulnerable to automation. Employment in manufacturing has declined both in the US and worldwide since 1980 as technologies have replaced some human roles.
The document discusses technology trends of 2022 by examining theories of how technology innovations are adopted. It predicts that computers and TVs will be fully integrated, allowing access to social media and video calls. Wireless headsets are expected to provide a cleaner listening experience by eliminating wires. Most significantly, the document speculates that advances in virtual reality may allow gaming through mind control alone using only a headset.
The document discusses Moore's Law and increasing trends in technology. Specifically:
1) Moore's Law states that the number of transistors on a microchip doubles approximately every 18 months, leading to smaller, denser, and more powerful microprocessors.
2) Future computer chips will contain many processor cores on a single chip, requiring software to exploit parallelism at all levels. Intel has demonstrated an 80-core research chip.
3) As transistor densities continue increasing exponentially, power and complexity challenges will need to be addressed for continued advancement of computing technology.
IoT platform as a regular server software. Types of platforms and its' communicaion with devices. Data normalization, storage, processing and visualization. IoT Platform Enterprise Integration. AggreGate Platform.
The digital world refers to the availability and use of digital tools to communicate over the Internet, digital devices, and other technologies. Some key aspects of the digital world include fast communication through social media and mobile devices, effective online education through e-learning platforms, e-commerce for online shopping and business, advanced industrial automation through robotics and programming, improved security systems using monitoring and authentication technologies, enhanced medical research examining diseases on a cellular level, and facilitated scientific research and development using available technological resources. However, the digital world has also introduced some negative aspects such as increased cybercrimes, privacy concerns with data manipulation, and online frauds through hacking and fake applications or links.
The document discusses various topics related to solid, toxic, and hazardous waste management including: the types of waste (domestic, industrial, etc.); current disposal methods like open dumping, ocean dumping, landfilling, and incineration; ways to reduce waste through reuse, reduce, and recycling; hazardous and toxic wastes and the regulations that govern their disposal like RCRA and CERCLA; and challenges like contaminated brownfield sites and long-term storage of hazardous materials.
The document discusses the issues around e-waste (electronic waste) and provides recommendations for its management. E-waste poses threats to human health and the environment if improperly disposed of, as components can leach hazardous materials like lead into soil and water. The document recommends that governments establish regulations and programs for e-waste, industries adopt reduction and recycling practices, and citizens participate in safe donation or recycling of obsolete electronics.
While technology provides many benefits like increased efficiency and access to information, it also comes with disadvantages. As society becomes more dependent on technology, people rely on it for everyday tasks and can feel disabled when systems fail. Additionally, technological advances reduce the need for human workers as machines can perform the same tasks. This decreases the value of human labor and can negatively impact employment globally. However, technology also allows for cost-savings for businesses.
What does the world look like in the year 2025? Digital living evangelist, Lindsay Smith, explores the communications and technology journey that has revolutionized the 21st century.
Are you ready for the changes that will come in this lifetime?
Technology Creates Social Isolation and Neurosis saraalmond
This document discusses social isolation and its relationship with technology use. It defines social isolation as a lack of communication or cooperation between individuals, often resulting in conflict. The document explores how excessive use of technology like cell phones, computers, social media, video games and television can lead to social isolation by taking away from face-to-face interactions and human connection. While technology enables communication, it can also be addicting and deprive people of real-life social interaction. The document cites research showing that increased social isolation is linked to greater health risks and conditions like depression.
The document discusses Internet of Things (IoT). It defines IoT as the network of physical objects embedded with sensors, software and connectivity that allows them to collect and exchange data. The document outlines the history of IoT and how it works by connecting physical objects through various technologies like RFID, sensors and wireless networks. It provides examples of applications of IoT in various domains like healthcare, transportation, manufacturing etc. It also discusses the current status and future prospects of IoT along with technological challenges and criticisms around privacy, security and control issues.
Moore's Law states that the number of transistors on integrated circuits doubles approximately every 18 months, leading to increased computing power at reduced cost over time. This advancement in computer hardware and software enabled the development of ERP systems by making the required technology affordable. ERP systems provide integrated management of business processes and information across functional areas like finance, HR, supply chain, and customers. Moore's Law continues to be an important driver of technological progress and the evolution of ERP systems.
E waste management seminar ppt (auto recovered)Satish Vasukuri
The document is a technical seminar report on e-waste management submitted for a bachelor's degree. It discusses e-waste, which refers to discarded electronic products such as computers, phones, and other electronics. E-waste is growing rapidly due to the short life cycles and frequent upgrades of electronic devices. It poses environmental and health risks if not properly managed as it contains toxic materials like lead, mercury, and chemicals. The report examines the global challenge of increasing e-waste and methods to manage e-waste through reducing, recovering, and recycling electronic waste.
Engineers are often required to act as expert witnesses and advisors. As expert witnesses, they must provide independent and impartial evidence to help explain technical issues to courts or tribunals. They may need to prepare reports, meet with other experts, and provide testimony in trials. As advisors, engineers must study problems objectively and consider all technical, economic, environmental, and social aspects before formulating recommendations. They should serve the public interest above all others and adopt a value-guided advocacy role. Choosing experts with clear communication skills and authoritative knowledge is paramount.
Applications of IOT (internet of things)Vinesh Gowda
Smart homes are a top Internet of Things application, with over $2.5 billion in funding for startups creating connected home devices. Wearable devices are also popular, including smart watches and glasses that can be worn on the wrist or head. Smart cities use Internet of Things sensors to manage infrastructure like traffic and utilities more efficiently. The smart grid uses automated sensors and analytics to deliver power more reliably and reduce costs and emissions. Industrial Internet of Things aims to improve business operations through connected machinery and analytics.
The document discusses green computing and its importance. It describes green computing as minimizing the carbon footprint of computing through efficient resource use. It outlines some approaches like using eco-friendly materials in manufacturing and more energy efficient displays. It also discusses challenges like increasing data center energy needs and electronic waste disposal. The future of green computing is explored through concepts like solar-powered and recyclable paper laptops. The conclusion emphasizes that green computing requires efforts from both the IT industry and governments to further reduce energy consumption and move towards more sustainable practices.
Technology has had a significant impact on modern society. It has made many tasks easier by allowing people to accomplish things from home without leaving. However, overreliance on technology has also negatively impacted family and social interactions, as people spend more time online than enjoying life together in person. While technology offers conveniences, it is also reducing important real-world skills like communication and basic math, and shifting communication primarily to social media instead of in-person interactions. Both benefits and drawbacks of technology must be recognized.
What is E-waste? – What causes E-waste?: Rapid development of upgraded electronic equipments forces the disposal of outdated equipments. – What makes E-waste hazardous?: All electronic equipments are made up of materials, which are harmful to human and pollute the environment when exposed. The harmful materials used in the manufacture of electronic equipments are Lead, Mercury, Plastics, CFCs, Cadmium, etc. – Current status of E-waste: E-waste now a day’s forces the world experts to turn back, as it’s a rapid growing problem in the developed and developing countries to recycle it or to dispose it safely so that they don’t pose any environmental pollution or hazards. – What caused the current state of E-waste: The lack of awareness about the hazardous & polluting nature of E-waste. And the cost to recycle E-wastes. – How to control E-waste? Reduce and Recycle: When a equipment is not working it doesn’t mean that the whole equipment has spoiled but generally just one part. By trying to use the equipments as long as possible by getting it repaired at service centers helps in reducing the accumulation of E-wastes. On the other hand certain equipments have to be disposed, at that time recycling of them prevents E-waste. – How to recycle?: The recycling of E-waste is not a simple process that can be performed all were, as they deal with harmful materials, and which requires lot of stuffs. The recycle of E-waste is done in many categories according to the material out of which it is made. – Benefits of recycling E-waste: The electronic equipments are made of material or resources such as Lead, Mercury, Plastics, CFCs, Cadmium, etc., which are nonrenewable can be recovered by the recycling process. Thus preventing nonrenewable resources from becoming extinct. Due to the availability of resources by recycling too they may account for the decrease in cost of the equipments. – Why recycling of E-waste is costly: The recycling of E-waste is costly when compared to recycling of other matters. This is because the composition of the equipments are harmful the recycling of which should be done with extensive care in hi-tech manner with expensive tools. The recycling of E-waste requires large labor as the primary aspect of recycling them is to categories them in metals, plastic, glass, etc., for further processing. As major constituent of E-waste is circuit board the de-soldering of which requires labor? These things makes recycling of E-waste costly. – Steps to control E-waste: The major reason of E-waste is the lack of awareness about it among the consumers of the electronic equipments. The control of E-waste can be achieved by creating awareness to the consumers about the hazardous nature of the equipments on disposal while selling the products. The E-waste recycle centers should be in reach of the consumers to disclose them safely to the recycler. The produce of the electronic equipments can implement the E-waste recycle unit
The Raspberry Pi is a credit-card sized computer that can connect to keyboards, monitors and TVs to function similarly to a desktop computer. It was developed by the Raspberry Pi Foundation in the UK to inspire teaching of basic computer science in schools and develop interest in programming. While low in cost at $25-35, the Raspberry Pi runs Linux and can be used for a variety of applications including robotics, programming practice and basic computing tasks.
A brief introduction to the Eurotech Group and Eurotech’s M2M Field-to-Application Building Blocks for Smart City Applications
M2M Applications and Use Cases: Industrial Air Conditioning System Monitoring, Environmental Monitoring, Retail Shop Performance Measurement, Retail Energy and Asset Management, Elderly Living Project, Taxi Queue Optimization, Parking Management, Cool Chain Monitoring and Fleet Management Optimization
It is designed to measure the distance of any object by using an ultrasonic transducer. Ultrasonic means of distance measurement is a convenient method compared to traditional one using measurement scales.This kind of measurement is particularly applicable to inaccessible areas where traditional means cannot be implemented such as high temperature, pressure zones etc.
The document discusses the impact of technology on employment, noting that 320,000 industrial robots were sold in the last two years. It shows that the majority of jobs are now in the services sector rather than agriculture or industry. The fastest growing jobs are those related to software engineering and computer support, while traditional jobs like butchers, secretaries, and cashiers are among the most vulnerable to automation. Employment in manufacturing has declined both in the US and worldwide since 1980 as technologies have replaced some human roles.
The document discusses technology trends of 2022 by examining theories of how technology innovations are adopted. It predicts that computers and TVs will be fully integrated, allowing access to social media and video calls. Wireless headsets are expected to provide a cleaner listening experience by eliminating wires. Most significantly, the document speculates that advances in virtual reality may allow gaming through mind control alone using only a headset.
The document discusses Moore's Law and increasing trends in technology. Specifically:
1) Moore's Law states that the number of transistors on a microchip doubles approximately every 18 months, leading to smaller, denser, and more powerful microprocessors.
2) Future computer chips will contain many processor cores on a single chip, requiring software to exploit parallelism at all levels. Intel has demonstrated an 80-core research chip.
3) As transistor densities continue increasing exponentially, power and complexity challenges will need to be addressed for continued advancement of computing technology.
IoT platform as a regular server software. Types of platforms and its' communicaion with devices. Data normalization, storage, processing and visualization. IoT Platform Enterprise Integration. AggreGate Platform.
The digital world refers to the availability and use of digital tools to communicate over the Internet, digital devices, and other technologies. Some key aspects of the digital world include fast communication through social media and mobile devices, effective online education through e-learning platforms, e-commerce for online shopping and business, advanced industrial automation through robotics and programming, improved security systems using monitoring and authentication technologies, enhanced medical research examining diseases on a cellular level, and facilitated scientific research and development using available technological resources. However, the digital world has also introduced some negative aspects such as increased cybercrimes, privacy concerns with data manipulation, and online frauds through hacking and fake applications or links.
The document discusses various topics related to solid, toxic, and hazardous waste management including: the types of waste (domestic, industrial, etc.); current disposal methods like open dumping, ocean dumping, landfilling, and incineration; ways to reduce waste through reuse, reduce, and recycling; hazardous and toxic wastes and the regulations that govern their disposal like RCRA and CERCLA; and challenges like contaminated brownfield sites and long-term storage of hazardous materials.
The document discusses the issues around e-waste (electronic waste) and provides recommendations for its management. E-waste poses threats to human health and the environment if improperly disposed of, as components can leach hazardous materials like lead into soil and water. The document recommends that governments establish regulations and programs for e-waste, industries adopt reduction and recycling practices, and citizens participate in safe donation or recycling of obsolete electronics.
Rapid urbanization in poorer parts of the world can cause significant environmental problems related to air and water pollution if not properly managed. As cities expand rapidly, large amounts of air pollution and waste are produced which can end up in rivers, harming water quality. This can involve building sewage treatment plants, passing laws to control factory wastewater discharge, and limiting pollution levels. However, population growth sometimes outpaces these efforts, and water quality deteriorates. Air pollution from industry and traffic also increases health and environmental risks if emissions are not regulated and alternative energy sources adopted. Effective management strategies are needed to monitor pollution levels and reduce them through technology, fuel switching, and transportation policies.
Viable E waste treatment Incineration vs Non IncinerationRohit Shinde
Content:
What is Electronic Waste?
How these become E-Waste
Generation of E-waste by Countries
Why E-Waste a Problem?
Constituents of E-Waste
E-Waste Processing steps
Methods for E-Waste treatment
Incineration – Process Description, Types, Advantage and Disadvantage
Non-Incineration – Process Description, Types, Advantage and Disadvantage
Did you know?
Conclusion
Viable E Waste Treatment - Incineration vs Non IncinerationRohit Shinde
This document discusses viable methods for treating electronic waste and compares incineration and non-incineration approaches. It provides an overview of incineration processes like rotary kilns, describing the basic steps of waste storage, combustion, energy extraction, flue gas cleaning and monitoring. Advantages include requiring minimal land and producing stable residue, while disadvantages are high costs and emissions. Non-incineration methods like landfilling and acid baths are also outlined, along with their pros and cons. The document concludes that applying the principles of reduce, reuse and recycle is the best approach to address the growing global problem of e-waste.
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Electronic waste, or e-waste, describes discarded electrical or electronic devices. Rapid changes in technology and falling prices lead to more electronics being produced and discarded. Countries like China receive much of the world's e-waste for informal recycling, but this causes health and pollution problems due to hazardous materials in electronics like lead, mercury, and brominated flame retardants. Guiyu, China is considered the largest e-waste site and processing there involves dangerous methods that pollute the environment and harm workers' health. Efforts are being made for cleaner recycling but more regulation and infrastructure is still needed to properly deal with the growing volumes of e-waste.
Electronic waste or e-waste is any broken or unwanted electrical or electronic appliance.
This presentation contains:
-Introduction
-Indian Scenario
-Main Sources
-Problems
-Hazards
-Effects on Human Health
-E-waste Management (Solutions)
-Sustainable E-waste handling
-Basel Convention
-Need for Legal Framework
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Environmental Considerations in Electronic Product Design
1. Real World Considerations
in the Design of Electronic Products
Environmental
Considerations
http://www.comingalongside.org/Environmental_Consequences/
2. Environmental Constraints in
Engineering Design
Environmental constraints in an engineering design are about:
Designing to the operating environment
Designing to external (environmental) regulations
Designing to these constraints is required, not optional!
Environment
constrains
must constrain impacts on
3. often hurts the environment
Other Environmental Considerations in
Engineering Design
Impacts to the Environment or limits imposed by the
environment extend far beyond what is required for “good”
design. A wide range of negative impacts on air, water, soil, and
other detrimental impacts to the environment and to human
health should be considered in ethical engineering design.
5. The Natural Resource: Gold
Where is Gold Used?
1. Plugs and Sockets,
2. Computer Backplates,
3. Printed Circuit Boards,
4. Integrated circuits,
5. Switches and Relays
6. Many Other Contacts
Natural Resource Extraction and
Electronic Products
Did you Know?
The Electronics Industry uses over 350 tons of gold annually,
and ranks third in gold use after jewelry and coins.
6. The Natural Resource: Gold
Did you Know?
The more high-end the electronics, the more reliability is expected, and the more
gold is used in those electronics.
Why Gold?
1. Low contact resistance
2. Very malleable & ductile
3. Great corrosion resistance
4. High thermal conductivity
(dissipates heat quickly)
Natural Resource Extraction and
Electronic Products
7. The Natural Resource: Gold
Did you Know?
According to the Dodd-Frank Act of 2010 --
Public companies in the U.S. are required to
disclose use of conflict sourced minerals
What's the Problem?
Gold mining has been linked to illegal armed
and militia activity in several areas of the
world, resulting in human rights violations
(including child labor) and limiting the
ability of developing communities to
emerge from poverty.
Natural Resource Extraction and
Electronic Products
8. The Natural Resource: Gold – A Conflict Mineral
Did you Know?
A list of companies that honor the Conflict-Free Gold Standard can be found here:
http://www.gold.org/about-us/our-members
What's the Solution?
Purchasing gold from
companies that source from
mines that meet the Conflict
Free Gold Standard ensures
that gold purchased is either
from conflict-free areas or from
conflict-affected areas where
mining gold has positive socio-
economic effects.
Natural Resource Extraction and
Electronic Products
9. The Natural Resource: Other Conflict Minerals
Did you Know?
Tin, Tantalum, and Tungsten are also Conflict Minerals for which the Conflict Free
Sourcing Initiative provides resources to source & access conflict-free minerals.
What's the Solution?
Other conflict materials whose
overall volume is a lesser
amount may not have highly
visible and accessible conflict-
free standards to follow –
leaving it up to the team and
organization using these
materials to acquire these
materials responsibly.
Natural Resource Extraction and
Electronic Products
11. What's the Problem?
As engineering designs
get smaller and more
integrated, as
technology continues
to depend on
increasingly smaller
components and
devices - the
manufacturing
processes required to
produce components
must be cleaner and
cleaner, thus making
greater and greater
demands on water
during manufacturing.
Did you Know?
Making one square meter of printed circuit
board can use up to 1.5 cubic meters of water.
Manufacturing of
Electronic Products
12. What's the Problem?
Every step in the semiconductor fabrication process requires cleaning to ensure that
particles and impurities do not disrupt or destroy the functionality of the integrated
circuit. Cleaning requires rinsing. Rinsing requires water.
A semiconductor fabrication plant can consume over 4 million gallons of water a day.
Did you know?
There are dozens of
semiconductor fabrication
facilities in the world, many
in places like Arizona where
water is scarce, creating
tension and conflict with
local communities over water
usage.
Manufacturing of
Electronic Products
13. What's the Problem?
Making water clean enough to clean chips has to remove:
• Organic and inorganic compounds
• Particles
• Dissolved gases and more
And involves ion exchange, electro-deionization, reverse osmosis, degasification,
microfiltration, ultrafiltration, and ultraviolet irradiation
Did you Know?
1500 gallons of city water
are needed to make 1000
gallons of ultra pure
water.
Manufacturing of
Electronic Products
14. What's the Solution?
For an engineer involved in the manufacturing of electronics:
1. Convert wet processes to dry processes in the manufacturing process itself
2. Optimize processes to reduce water usage
3. Recycle spent, ultrapure water
Did you Know?
Even after use, ultrapure water is cleaner than city water
Manufacturing of
Electronic Products
15. Electrical and electronic engineers are uniquely positioned to reduce component
count in electronics designs because of their capacity to redesign & optimize circuits.
What's the Solution?
For a design engineer:
Avoid over-specifying the design. Remain within the true requirements of operation
to minimize the total number of electronic components in a design or product.
?
Manufacturing of
Electronic Products
16. Did you Know?
Cell phones now consume more integrated circuits than computers
What's the Solution?
For a design engineer:
Incorporate modular/semi-modular designs to increase device/product lifetime.
Manufacturing of
Electronic Products
18. What's the Problem?
The environmental impacts of transporting raw materials from their source to the
point of manufacture and from the point of manufacture to their point of use are
many, varied, and significant. While in many situations, the amount of impact is
proportional to the distance travelled, this is not always the case.
Distribution and Transport of
Goods & Products
19. Distribution and Transport of
Goods & Products
Did you Know?
Transportation burns most of the world's petroleum
20. What's the Problem?
Greenhouse gases are measured in carbon dioxide equivalents and include emissions
of carbon dioxide, nitrous oxide, methane, and ozone.
Did you Know?
Because they emit
greenhouse gases at
high altitudes,
airplanes have much
greater greenhouse
gas effects that
ground-based
transport!
Distribution and Transport of
Goods & Products
21. What's the Problem?
Greenhouse gases are measured in carbon dioxide equivalents and include emissions
of carbon dioxide, nitrous oxide, methane, and ozone.
Did you Know?
Nitrous Oxide is about 300X more potent than CO2 in greenhouse gas impact
Distribution and Transport of
Goods & Products
22. Is shipping as good as its greenhouse gas emissions numbers make it out to be?
The Environmental Goodness of Transport by Shipping is murky. While air pollution
and greenhouse gas emissions are inherently low compared to ground and air
transport, ships contribute to unique and poorly quantified sources of pollution:
• Solid waste disposal at sea
• Dirty ballast water discharge
• Transport of non-native and invasive species
• Accidents and spills
Distribution and Transport of
Goods & Products
23. What's the Bottom Line?
While transport by ship on
inland or oceanic waterways
looks good, data on what ships
do once they are out of port is
not as accurate as track and rail
data. Furthermore ship
transport must be used for large
volumes to be cost effective.
Distribution and Transport of
Goods & Products
24. What's the Bottom Line?
Trucks are involved in far more
accidents, produce far more
noise, emit far more air
pollutants, and contribute far
more to the greenhouse effect
than rail transport.
Distribution and Transport of
Goods & Products
25. What's the Bottom Line?
Airplanes carry less than 1% of the
world's freight. However:
• Greenhouse gas effects are greatly
amplified at high altitudes
• Air is highly polluted but poorly
understood during takeoff, climb-
out, taxi, touchdown, and idle modes
• The noise, congestion, and pollution
associated with airports is high
compared to other transportation
hubs
Distribution and Transport of
Goods & Products
26. What's the Solution?
Reducing the environmental consequences of transporting everything from
materials to finished products is a matter of understanding how far away they travel,
how they are transported, how many suppliers are involved, how much packaging is
involved, and so on. Understanding the supply chain is the first step.
Distribution and Transport of
Goods & Products
27. What can Engineers do?
Wherever possible, engineers can reduce the environmental consequences of
transport by Sourcing materials, parts, and assemblies from more local sources.
Buying local goes
well beyond
shopping at the
local farmer's
market!
Distribution and Transport of
Goods & Products
28. What can Engineers do?
Wherever possible, engineers can reduce the
environmental consequences of transport by
Choosing Rail over Road Transport.
Fewer Greenhouse
Gases, Less Air
Pollution, Less
Externalized
Infrastructure Costs
vs
Distribution and Transport of
Goods & Products
29. What can Engineers do?
Wherever possible, engineers can reduce the
environmental consequences of transport by
Considering maritime (ship) transport
when practical constraints and
economies of scale allow it.
vs
Less Air Pollution
Fewer Greenhouse
Gases, but full range
of pollution is not
well known
Distribution and Transport of
Goods & Products
30. What can Engineers do?
Wherever possible, engineers can reduce the
environmental consequences of transport by
reducing product weight or volume
while being careful not to add additional
environmental consequences from other
stages in the product life cycle.
Distribution and Transport of
Goods & Products
31. What can Engineers do?
Wherever possible, engineers can reduce the environmental consequences of
transport by reducing packaging volume, or using more environmentally friendly
packaging.
Distribution and Transport of
Goods & Products
33. What's the Problem?
Despite major advances in energy efficiency in U.S. homes, homes in 2015 consume
about the same amount of power as 1975 homes, mostly due to the increase in the
use of consumer electronics.
Source: Energy Information Administration (U.S.)
Power Consumption during Use of
Electronic Products
34. What's the Problem?
Consumer electronics are a
major contributor to
overall energy
consumption in the home -
about 12% of what the
average American
household consumes every
year.
Power Consumption during Use of
Electronic Products
35. What's the Problem?
Power consumed in
consumer electronics
devices varies widely,
making it critical to
understand how much a
device consumes as part
of the big picture before
deciding if and how to
address it - whether that
be as a consumer,
engineer, or both!
Power Consumption during Use of
Electronic Products
36. What's the Problem?
Vampire power (that power drawn when an electronic device is not in use) is an
unacceptably large portion of power consumed in the American home
Source: Data adapted from NRDC
https://www.nrdc.org/sites/default/files/home-idle-load-IP.pdf
Power Consumption during Use of
Electronic Products
37. What's the Problem?
Vampire power from consumer electronics is the worst offender among energy
consumption vampires in the American home
Idle
Sleep
Off Source: Data adapted from NRDC
https://www.nrdc.org/sites/default/files/home-idle-load-IP.pdf
Power Consumption during Use of
Electronic Products
38. What's the Solution?
As engineers or others associated with product design, we can reduce power
consumption in standby, sleep, or idle modes by:
• Calculating power consumption of different components within a device
• Identifying critical components (for standby, sleep, idle operation)
• Disentangling critical from non-essential components
• Designing for multiple levels of user-controlled, reduced power consumption
Did you know?
In a Desktop PC, the CPU can consume
between 55 and 150 W of power, while
the cooling fan consumes 6W or less
Power Consumption during Use of
Electronic Products
39. What's the Solution?
As engineers or others associated with product design, we can reduce power
consumption in standby, sleep, or idle modes by being creative – using sensors to
detect a user nearby or a user that is ready to use an electronic device.
User Detection
(using capacitive or other
form of proximity sensing)
Did you know?
A "user sensing" front-end can consume less
than 50mW, compared to 500mW or more
typical of sleep and standby modes in many
electronic devices.
Power Consumption during Use of
Electronic Products
40. What's the Solution?
As engineers or others associated with product design, we can reduce power
consumption by leveraging existing devices to reduce overall power consumption
Source: https://spinoff.nasa.gov/Spinoff2016/cg_1.html
Did you know?
NASA is developing a module that
can readily connect to a
smartphone and be outfitted
with a range of gas sensors to
detect toxic or harmful gases in
the user's environment
Power Consumption during Use of
Electronic Products
41. What's the Solution?
As engineers or others associated with product design, we can reduce power
consumption by integrating multiple functions in a single device to reduce overall
energy usage.
https://shop.smartthings.com/#!/products/smartsense-multi
Did you know?
Samsung SmartSense detects
open/close movement, vibration
(orientation or angle) and
temperature all in one device
Power Consumption during Use of
Electronic Products
42. What's the Solution?
As engineers or others associated with product design, we can reduce power
consumption by designing intermediate modes of operation to conserve power.
Did you know?
Smart lighting systems for buildings not
only turn lights off when no one is
present but dim in proportion to the
amount of daylight present and can be
adjusted through remote (internet)
wireless control – creating multiple ways
to conserve power 24 hours a day, seven
days a week.
Power Consumption during Use of
Electronic Products
44. What is Electronic Waste?
A Working Definition of E-Waste
WEEE:
Waste Electrical and Electronic
Equipment
The Little Things:
Cell Phones, iPods
… and other consumer electronics
The Medium Things:
Tablets, Personal Computers
… and other home electronics
The Big Things:
Refrigerators, Televisions
… and other appliances
Image Source: Wikimedia Commons
Electronic Waste associated with
Electronic Products
45. How much Electronic Waste (E-Waste or WEEE) are we looking at?
What's the Problem?
Few companies consider the
environmental impact of their
electronic products after the
consumer has disposed of them.
Because of the global complexity of
the electronic waste stream (and
lack of control over that stream)
design and other engineers involved
in product design can feel helpless
to limit this impact.
Did you Know? E-Waste is expected to reach 65 million tons in 2017
http://www.step-initiative.org/
Image Source: https://www.statista.com/chart/2283/electronic-
waste/
Electronic Waste associated with
Electronic Products
46. Is there really an
environmental impact
problem?
Is E-Waste Fact or Folly?
Image Source: Wikimedia Commons
Electronic Waste associated with
Electronic Products
47. 0
50
100
150
200
250
300
Municipal Solid Waste Electronic Waste
MillionsofTons
2005
2013
In 2013, electronic waste made up 3.9% of total MSW
In 2005, this number was 0.8%
Maybe the E-Waste “Crisis” is just another hoax
Electronic Waste associated with
Electronic Products
48. Common Forms of Non-Electronic MSW
Isn’t
E-waste
mostly
recycled
just like
other
waste?
NO
0
20
40
60
80
100
Auto Batteries Office Papers PET Bottles
Percentage
Trash
Recycled
0
20
40
60
80
100
Televisions Computers &
Peripherals
Cell Phones
Percentage
Trash
Recycled
Common Forms of Electronic Waste
Maybe the E-Waste “Crisis” is real.
Electronic Waste associated with
Electronic Products
49. EPA Estimates of E-Waste Destination (2008/2010)
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
180
200
Televisions Computers &
Peripherals
Cell Phones
MillionsofUnits
Trash
Recycled
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
180
Televisions Computers & Peripherals Cell Phones
MillionsofUnits
Trash
Recycled
MIT/EPA Estimates of E-Waste Destination (2010)
Clearly, there is a
rather wide
margin of error
Is E-Waste
data
accurate?
Electronic Waste associated with
Electronic Products
50. What makes E-Waste Worse than most MSW?
In the United States, it is estimated that
75% of heavy metals (lead, arsenic, mercury, etc.) in landfills
come from electronic waste
Volume of Waste
Other MSW
Electornic Waste
Toxicity of Waste
Electronic Waste associated with
Electronic Products
51. Not all E-Waste is Created Equal
Up to Five
Pounds of Lead
Contains
Lead and Arsenic
Not all E-waste is toxic
Contains
Cadmium
Contains
Copper
Contains
Ceramics
Contains
Aluminum
Electronic Waste associated with
Electronic Products
54. Source: MIT/NCER Report (2013). Quantitative Characterization of Domestic and Transboundary Flows of Used Electronics
http://www.step-initiative.org/files/step/_documents/MIT-NCER%20US%20Used%20Electronics%20Flows%20Report%20-%20December%202013.pdf
Recycling associated with
Electronic Products
55. Electronics
Recycling
Source: http://www.ewaste.com.au
Recycling Electronic Waste is
complex and involves:
• Sorting the waste into different
categories for materials recovery
and processing
• Reducing the waste in size to
enable further sorting
• Separating metals (copper,
aluminum, brass) from non-
metallic materials
• Extracting precious metals (gold,
platinum, silver)
• Separating plastic from glass
When done properly, these recycling
processes cause minimal harm, but..
56. Some estimate as much as 70% of the world’s electronic waste is “dumped” in China
Although it is a violation of the Basel Convention to export electronic waste to
developing countries, there is no effective way to track where our waste is going.
Informal
Economies
Poverty+ =
Cherry Picking
Low Recovery Rates
Decimated Ecosystems
Rudimentary Practices
Lack of Occupational
Health Safeguards
Public Health Crises
When recycling is done poorly or incompletely, it creates environmental problems.
Image Courtesy of Fairphone
Recycling associated with
Electronic Products
57. What happens to E-Waste when it is "Recycled"?
Image Source: Wikimedia Commons
Uncontrolled Dumping
Burning
Shredding & Dismantling
Leaching
Recycling associated with
Electronic Products
58. What happens to E-Waste when it is "Recycled"?
Image Source: Wikimedia Commons
Burning
• Generates fumes which pollute air
• Creates fly ash which induces
breathing and respiratory problems
Generates by-products which:
• Leach toxins into soils, surface water,
and ground water
• Generate harmful fumes
• Produce fine particles which can
travel long distances and cause long
term, negative health impacts
Recycling associated with
Electronic Products
59. Consequences to Environment and Ecosystem:
In addition to this incredible range of impacts on human health across wide geographical areas,
particles released by burning can contaminate soil on land and sediment in waterways which
influences food supplies, drinking water availability, biodiversity, and food chain integrity
Burning doesn’t just impact
those involved in improper
WEEE recycling, but can also
affect uninvolved people
hundreds or thousands of miles
away
Unregulated burning of electronic waste can result in (a) large particles that are respiratory
irritants to local communities, but are largely “stopped” by the upper respiratory tract; and (b)
small particles that can travel hundreds or thousands of miles away, causing respiratory
irritation and nose, throat, lung, and systemic health impacts over short and long term.
Recycling associated with
Electronic Products -- Burning
60. What happens to E-Waste when it is "Recycled"?
Image Source: Wikimedia Commons
Uncontrolled Dumping
Generates by-products which:
• Leach toxins into soils, surface water,
and ground water
• Generate harmful fumes
• Produce fine particles which can
travel long distances and cause long
term, negative health impacts
Recycling associated with
Electronic Products
61. What happens to E-Waste when it is "Recycled"?
Image Source: Wikimedia Commons
Shredding & Dismantling
• Produces fine particles which can
travel long distances and cause long
term, negative health impacts
Generates by-products which:
• Leach toxins into soils, surface water,
and ground water
• Generate harmful fumes
• Produce fine particles which can
travel long distances and cause long
term, negative health impacts
Recycling associated with
Electronic Products
62. Consequences to Human Health:
Dismantling and Shredding releases contaminated dust into the air and can be ingested by
workers and others in local communities containing these unregulated WEEE sites.
Chronic inhalation of dust can ultimately degrade and compromise the body’s
defense systems, making it more vulnerable to a wide range of diseases over the
long haul.
Recycling associated with
Electronic Products-- Dismantling
63. What happens to E-Waste when it is "Recycled"?
Image Source: Wikimedia Commons
Leaching (Hydrolytic Processes)
• Extracts precious metals and other
valuable materials from used electronics
• Produces effluent (liquid waste) which
can contaminate surface water and soil
• Generates harmful fumes
Generates by-products which:
• Leach toxins into soils, surface water,
and ground water
• Generate harmful fumes
• Produce fine particles which can travel
long distances and cause long term,
negative health impacts.
Recycling associated with
Electronic Products
64. Consequences to Environment and Ecosystem:
Cyanide salt and hydrochloric acids are commonly used for these leaching processes, which can
upset pH in water and soil, causing large disruptions in ecosystem health through loss of
biodiversity and loss of population in certain species.
What is Leaching?
Leaching is the process of
chemically processing circuit
boards (or similar electronics) to
separate desired materials (like
gold and other precious metals)
from the rest of the electronics.
Consequences to Human Health:
Mercury amalgamation is often used to extract precious metals, in a similar process to leaching.
Mercury poisoning through exposure to mercury during leaching and consumption of
contaminated water and food (especially foods higher up on the food chain) causes peripheral
neuropathy (loss of feeling in hands and feet) and long term damage to brain, kidneys, and lungs.
Recycling associated with
Electronic Products
65. E-Waste
What's the Solution?
While engineers can't limit
all environmental impacts
of e-waste, they can take
certain steps to reduce
toxicity of e-waste. For
example, specifying RoHS
(Restriction of Hazardous
Substances, an EU
directive) limits specific
and high risk, hazardous
materials in electronics.
Source: http://www.rohsguide.com/
Substances limited by RoHS
• Lead (Pb): < 1000 ppm
(solder, cable, sheeting,
glass of cathode-ray tubes)
• Mercury (Hg): < 100 ppm
(electrical and electronic
appliances, batteries, switches, thermostats, and
fluorescent lamps.
• Cadmium (Cd): < 100 ppm
(electronic equipment, batteries, and pigments)
• Hexavalent Chromium (Cr VI) < 1000 ppm
(decorative or protecting coatings in electronic
equipment)
Recycling associated with
Electronic Products-- Solutions
66. What's the Solution?
While engineers can't limit
all environmental impacts
of e-waste, they can take
certain steps to reduce
toxicity of e-waste. For
example, specifying RoHS
(Restriction of Hazardous
Substances, an EU
directive) limits specific
and high risk, hazardous
materials in electronics.
Source: http://www.rohsguide.com/
Substances limited by RoHS
• Polybrominated Biphenyls (PBB);
• Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers (PBDE)
<1000 ppm (flame retardants)
• Bis(2-Ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP)
• Benzyl butyl phthalate (BBP)
• Dibutyl phthalate (DBP)
• Diisobutyl phthalate (DIBP)
< 1000 ppm
(softeners for PVC and wire insulation)
Recycling associated with
Electronic Products-- Solutions
67. What's the Solution?
To reduce the volume (amount) of the
waste stream, engineers can also
design and advocate for modular
designs. These modular designs allow
electronics to replace only what is
broken or what needs to be updated on
an electronic device or appliance.
For example, Google’s Project Ara would
allow users to buy and customize
numerous aspects of their smartphone
(memory, camera, processing, etc.) in a
modular design. Although the project is
now abandoned, the need for more
modular phones still exists!
Source: http://www.pocket-lint.com/news/127564-google-s-project-ara-modular-smartphone-everything-
you-need-to-know
Recycling associated with
Electronic Products-- Solutions
68. What's the Solution?
To reduce the volume
(amount) of the waste
stream, engineers can also
design a product for easy
service and maintenance.
For example, HP's Z1
computer is designed so that
everything from graphics to
hard drive can be replaced
without any tools.
Source: http://www8.hp.com/us/en/workstations/z1-g2.html
Recycling associated with
Electronic Products-- Solutions
69. What's the Solution?
To reduce the volume
(amount) of the waste
stream, engineers can also
design a product to last much
longer.
For example, some electronic
devices and appliances do
last a lifetime (or almost):
Thinkpad 42, toasters, alarm
clocks, kitchen aid mixers...
Why not add to the list?
Recycling associated with
Electronic Products-- Solutions
70. Natural Resource Extraction
Manufacturing/Production
Distribution
Use/Consumption
Disposal
Through available NGO resources, conflict
minerals can be sourced from conflict-free areas.
For those involved in designs involving
semiconductor or micro-fabrication, processes
can be optimized to reduce water usage
Efficiency, reduced power consumption,
standby, and sleep modes are essential.
Electronics can be designed to reduce the
volume and impact of the e-waste stream.
For high volume designs, more local sourcing
can make a big difference in distribution costs.
Some Environmental Considerations in the
Design of Electronic Products
71. Complete Educational Materials
(including assignments, quizzes, and
recorded lectures) on the topic of
Environmental Considerations
can be found at:
http://www.comingalongside.org/Environmental_Consequences/