The document discusses the three main systems of a slit lamp: the observation system, illumination system, and mechanical system. It describes different illumination techniques used with a slit lamp including diffuse, direct, optic section, parallelepiped, conical beam, and sclerotic scatter illumination. Each technique illuminates the eye in a different way to examine different structures like the cornea, anterior chamber, or cells and proteins in the eye.

1. Slit lamp

2. HAAG ZEISS
TOPCON

3. BASICS
What are the three systems present in a slit lamp ?
OBSERVATION SYSTEM ILLUMINATION SYSTEM MECHANICAL SYSTEM

5. Observation system

6. Illumination system

7. Mechanical system

8. Illumination techniques
DIFFUSE DIRECT

9. DIFFUSE ILLUMINATIoN
 Light is spread evenly over the entire observed surface
 The beam is completely open
 The light is directed on the eye at 45 º angle
 The microscope is directed straight ahead
 The structures observed are: eyelids, eyelashes, conjunctiva, sclera, pattern of redness, iris,
pupil, gross pathology and media opacities

10. Optic section
 A narrow focal slit beam is projected at a 45-60˚ angle
 It cuts an optical section through the cornea like a knife
 With this technique it is possible to locate the layer of the pathological changes
 Magnification approximately 10X
 Width: Narrow slit 1mm

11. Parallelepiped
 Default method of corneal evaluation
 Cornea is focusses obliquely in order to obtain a quadrilateral block of lght illuminating the cornea
 Beam about 2 mm width
 Medium to High magnification (10-25x)
 Can be used to examine corneal surface or stroma
 For ascertaining the depth of abrasion or foreign body

12. Conical beam
 Slit lamp is adjusted to smallest circular beam
 Projected at an angle of 42-90º through the anterior chamber
 The strongest reflection is possible at 90 º
 Used to visualize cells, flares, proteins or intra ocular foreign body

13. SCLEROTIC SCATTER
 A tall wide beam is directed onto the limbal area
 When the light is properly aligned with regard to the eye, a ring of light will appear around the cornea
 The light is absorbed and scattered through the cornea highlighting the pathology
 10x magnification is usually used
 Corneal edema, opacities,infiltrates, foreign bodies

22. THANKS FOR WATCHING