Upper Sec Human Geog - Tourism (GW2)

1. Tourism :
a Global Phenomenon?
Chapter 1
Global Tourism
Gateway 2

2. Samburu National Reserve, Kenya

3. Sasaab Lodge,
Samburu National
Reserve, Kenya

4. Changes in the Global
Tourism Industry
1) Changing
trends
in
Interna0onal
Tourism
2) Growth
of
Domes0c
Tourism
3) The
Evolu0on
of
Mass
Tourism
to
Niche
Tourism

5. Changes in the Global
Tourism Industry
1) Changing
trends
in
Interna0onal
Tourism
• Since
the
1980s,
interna1onal
tourism
has
become
increasingly
diverse
in
its
origins
and
its
des1na1ons.
• In
par1cular,
the
Asian
Pacific
region
has
become
an
increasingly
popular
tourist
des1na1on.

6. Changes in the Global
Tourism Industry
1) Changing
trends
in
Interna0onal
Tourism
Before
the
1980s,
most
of
the
tourists
were
visi1ng
Europe

7. Changes in the Global
Tourism Industry
1) Changing
trends
in
Interna0onal
Tourism
Since
2004,
Asia
Pacific
has
overtaken
the
Americas
in
tourist
arrivals.

8. Changes in the Global
Tourism Industry
1) Changing
trends
in
Interna0onal
Tourism
In
Asia
Pacific,
tourist
arrivals
grew
from
8.2%
to
21.7%
from
1980
to
2010
(almost
3
*mes
growth
within
3
decades!)

9. Changes in the Global
Tourism Industry
1) Changing
trends
in
Interna0onal
Tourism
OMG!
Asia Pacific is
now the 2nd most
visited region!

10. Changes in the Global
Tourism Industry
1) Changing
trends
in
Interna0onal
Tourism
Change in tourist origins & destinations
More
than
half
of
all
interna1onal
tourists
s1ll
originate
from
the
world’s
most
developed
countries
(eg.
tourists
origina1ng
from
Europe
&
North
America)
479.2

11. Changes in the Global
Tourism Industry
1) Changing
trends
in
Interna0onal
Tourism
Change in tourist origins & destinations

12. Changes in the Global
Tourism Industry
1) Changing
trends
in
Interna0onal
Tourism
Change in tourist origins & destinations
But
increasingly,
there
are
more
interna1onal
tourists
from
the
rapidly
developing
countries
(e.g.
China,
India,
Brazil)

13. FLOW LINE MAP showing Tourist flows in 2010
Tourist
origin
Tourist
des*na*on
Two-­‐way
movement
One-­‐way
movement

14. FLOW LINE MAP showing Tourist flows in 2010

15. • Tourist
origins
and
des1na1ons
are
unevenly
distributed
throughout
the
world
Places
are
never
the
same!
Uneven
geography
That’s
why
it
is
important
to
study
geography
to
understand
why
and
how
places
are
different
throughout
the
world!!!!

16. Changes in the Global
Tourism Industry
1) Changing
trends
in
Interna0onal
Tourism
2) Growth
of
Domes0c
Tourism
3) The
Evolu0on
of
Mass
Tourism
to
Niche
Tourism

17. Changes in the Global
Tourism Industry
2)
Growth
of
Domes0c
Tourism
Domes1c
tourism:
RECAP:
Domes0c
tourism
refers
to
tourism
within
a
tourist’s
own
country.

18. Changes in the Global
Tourism Industry
2)
Growth
of
Domes0c
Tourism
Domes1c
tourism:
• Has
grown
alongside
interna1onal
tourism
• Con1nues
to
be
the
most
popular
form
of
tourism
What are the advantages of travelling
within your own region (ie. engaging in domestic
tourism) rather than international tourism?

19. Changes in the Global
Tourism Industry
2)
Growth
of
Domes0c
Tourism
The
importance
of
domes1c
tourism:
• For
Philippines,
• For
China,
domes1c
tourism
is
at
its
peak
during
LNY
Interna0onal
Tourism
Receipts
US
$3.2
billion
Domes0c
Tourism
Receipts
US
$22.9
billion
<

20. Changes in the Global
Tourism Industry
2)
Growth
of
Domes0c
Tourism
Domes1c
tourism
in
Singapore:
• There
are
very
few
domes1c
tourists
• Due
to
our
small
size
&
accessibility,
it
imprac1cal
for
residents
to
rent
accommoda1ons
overnight
near
the
tourist
a`rac1on.
WHAT ABOUT IN SINGAPORE? DOMESTIC TOURISTS??

21. Changes in the Global
Tourism Industry
1) Changing
trends
in
Interna0onal
Tourism
2) Growth
of
Domes0c
Tourism
3) The
Evolu0on
of
Mass
Tourism
to
Niche
Tourism

22. Changes in the Global
Tourism Industry
3)
The
Evolu0on
of
Mass
Tourism
to
Niche
Tourism
Factors
leading
to
the
evolu1on:
• The
growth
of
tourism
(ie.
the
vol
of
travel)
• Improvements
in
transporta1on
systems
have
sped
up
travel
1me
and
carries
more
people.
• This
has
given
rise
to
mass
tourism
and
increased
long-­‐haul
des1na1ons.

23. Changes in the Global
Tourism Industry
3)
The
Evolu0on
of
Mass
Tourism
to
Niche
Tourism
Factors
leading
to
the
evolu1on:
• The
growth
in
people’s
income
(ie.
people
becoming
more
affluent)
• This
has
led
to
the
demand
of
niche
tourism.

24. Changes in the Global
Tourism Industry
3)
The
Evolu0on
of
Mass
Tourism
to
Niche
Tourism
Tourism
has
evolved
since
the
1950s!

25. Changes in the Global
Tourism Industry
3)
The
Evolu0on
of
Mass
Tourism
to
Niche
Tourism
(a)
Different
forms
of
tourism:
• Travel that involves large numbers of tourists
visiting a particular place together.
• It is the most popular form of tourism as it is
often the cheapest way to holiday, and is often
sold as a package holiday.
Mass tourism

26. Changes in the Global
Tourism Industry

27. Changes in the Global
Tourism Industry
3)
The
Evolu0on
of
Mass
Tourism
to
Niche
Tourism
(a)
Different
forms
of
tourism:
• Package holidays usually involve a tour arranged
by a travel agent.
• The package usually includes transportation,
accommodation and meals.
Package holidays

28. Changes in the Global
Tourism Industry
3)
The
Evolu0on
of
Mass
Tourism
to
Niche
Tourism
(a)
Different
forms
of
tourism:
• The package also includes the service of local
tour guides who are able to converse with the
tourists and are knowledgeable about the sites of
visit.
Package holidays

29. Changes in the Global
Tourism Industry
3)
The
Evolu0on
of
Mass
Tourism
to
Niche
Tourism
(a)
Different
forms
of
tourism:
• A special-interest tourism that can be done by
independent travellers or combined with tour
packages.
• Niche tourism appeals to travellers who seek
‘new’ destinations, activities, adventures and
experiences.
Niche tourism

30. Changes in the Global
Tourism Industry
3)
The
Evolu0on
of
Mass
Tourism
to
Niche
Tourism
Egs
of
niche
tourism

31. Changes in the Global
Tourism Industry
3)
The
Evolu0on
of
Mass
Tourism
to
Niche
Tourism
(a)
Different
forms
of
tourism:
• Responsible travel to natural areas that
conserves the environment and improves
the well-being of local people.
• Eg. visits to national parks, nature reserves
and marine parks.
Ecotourism

32. Changes in the Global
Tourism Industry
3)
The
Evolu0on
of
Mass
Tourism
to
Niche
Tourism
Waitomo
Caves
in
New
Zealand

33. Changes in the Global
Tourism Industry
3)
The
Evolu0on
of
Mass
Tourism
to
Niche
Tourism
6
principles
of
Ecotourism
according
to
The
Interna*onal
Ecotourism
Society
(TIES):
Minimise
impact
on
natural
environment,
biodiversity
&
local
community
Build
environmental
and
cultural
awareness
and
respect.
Provide
posi1ve
experiences
for
both
visitors
and
hosts.
Provide
direct
financial
benefits
for
conserva1on.
Provide
financial
benefits
and
empowerment
of
local
people.
Raise
sensi1vity
to
host
countries’
poli1cal,
environmental
and
social
climate.

34. Changes in the Global
Tourism Industry
3)
The
Evolu0on
of
Mass
Tourism
to
Niche
Tourism
(b)
Distance
away
from
tourist’s
home
country:
• Destinations that are a short distance away from
the tourist’s home country
• (generally less than six hours of travel).
Short-haul destinations

35. Changes in the Global
Tourism Industry
3)
The
Evolu0on
of
Mass
Tourism
to
Niche
Tourism
(b)
Distance
away
from
tourist’s
home
country:
• The flight time from
Singapore to Thailand
is approximately 2 hrs.
• Q) Thailand a ____________________ from
Singapore
Short-haul destinations
short-haul destination

36. Changes in the Global
Tourism Industry
3)
The
Evolu0on
of
Mass
Tourism
to
Niche
Tourism
(b)
Distance
away
from
tourist’s
home
country:
• The flight time from
Singapore to Thailand
is approximately 2 hrs.
• Q) Thailand a ____________________ from
Singapore
Short-haul destinations
short-haul destination

37. Changes in the Global
Tourism Industry
3)
The
Evolu0on
of
Mass
Tourism
to
Niche
Tourism
(b)
Distance
away
from
tourist’s
home
country:
• Destinations that are a long distance away from
the tourist’s home country
• (usually reachable by six hours or more flight
travel).
Long-haul destinations

38. Changes in the Global
Tourism Industry
3)
The
Evolu0on
of
Mass
Tourism
to
Niche
Tourism
(b)
Distance
away
from
tourist’s
home
country:
• The flight time from Singapore to the USA is
approximately 19 hours.
• Q) The USA is a ___________________ from
Singapore
Short-haul destinations
long-haul destination

39. Changes in the Global
Tourism Industry
3)
The
Evolu0on
of
Mass
Tourism
to
Niche
Tourism
(b)
Distance
away
from
tourist’s
home
country:
• The flight time from Singapore to the USA is
approximately 19 hours.
• Q) The USA is a ___________________ from
Singapore
Short-haul destinations
long-haul destination