Micro-Scholarship, What it is, How can it help me.pdf
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Ch 4 - Factors Shaping Identity
1. Identities (p.105)
Identity is the way you
define yourself and
how others define you.
Our identities vary and
are complex as they are
shaped by various
influences in society.
2. Identities (p.105)
Do you only have
ONE identity?
Do we all have the
SAME identity?
Can our identities CHANGE?
3. 2 min: Introduce Yourself!
Give as many details
about yourself as
possible! ļ
E.g. birth place, race,
religion, type of house
you stay in, interests,
hobbies, favourite food,
fashion style, etc.
8. Identity
Identity is the way YOU define YOURSELF and
how others define YOU.
Our identities vary and are complex as they are
shaped by various influences in society.
Factors that shape the identities of INDIVIDUALS:
1. Nationality
2. Race and Ethnicity
3. Religion
4. Socio-Economic status (SES)
9. Factors that shape the identities of INDIVIDUALS:
1) Nationality (TB pg. 108-110)
ā¢ Nationality is the status of being a member
or citizen of a particular country.
ā¢ Nationality =
ā¢ Having a sense of belonging to the nation
ā¢ Sharing common experiences with others
of the same nationality (e.g. history,
tradition, practices, language, living spaces)
10.
11.
12. 2 min: Theme Contest!
In your pairs,
Come up with A THEME
for the photographs ļ
The most CREATIVE and ACCURATE
theme wins!
13.
14. People of the same Nationality usually share:
Common HISTORY
Common TRADITIONS
Common PRACTICES
Common LANGUAGE
Common EXPERIENCES
ā¦Living together in the
same geographical area
Singaporean
^
15. People of the same Nationality usually share:
Singaporean
^
ā¢ Celebrate National Day on 9 Aug
ā¢ A multicultural society ā respect
for different races & religions
ā¢ National service
ā¢ Love food across cultures
ā¢ Common English language
& bilingualism (Singlish!)
16. ā¢ Celebrate National Day on 9 Aug
ā¢ A multicultural society ā respect
for different races & religions
ā¢ National service
ā¢ Love food across cultures
ā¢ Common English language
& bilingualism (Singlish!)
People of the same Nationality usually share:
Singaporean
^
These form our SG identity
Shapes how we interact with other Singaporeans
17. There was a time when people said
That Singapore won't make it, but we did
There was a time when troubles seemed too much
For us to take, but we did
We built a nation, strong and free, reaching out together
For peace and harmony
Chorus 1:
This is my country, this is my flag
This is my future, this is my life
This is my family, these are my friends
We are Singapore, Singaporeans
Singapore our homeland, it's here that we belong
All of us united, one people marching on
We've come so far together, our common destiny
Singapore forever, a nation strong and free
Why am I
proud of
Singapore?
Why I want
to live in
Singapore?
āWe Are Singaporeā Lyrics
18. Factors that shape the identities of INDIVIDUALS:
1) Nationality (TB pg. 108-110)
ā¢ Nationality is the status of being a member
or citizen of a particular country.
ā¢ Nationality =
ā¢ Having a sense of belonging to the nation
ā¢ Sharing common experiences with
others of the same nationality
19. Factors that shape the identities of INDIVIDUALS:
1) Nationality (TB pg. 108-110)
ā¢ People from the same country feel more
comfortable with members of same nationality
ā¢ Easier to identify with one another
ā¢ E.g. When overseas, it is so easy to
recognize other Singaporeans from their
mannerisms and attitudes!
ā¢ Aspects of our shared national identity
would shape the individualās identity and
actions.
ā¢ These beliefs and experiences influence a
large part of our national identity.
20. 1. Nationality
Identity
(the way you define yourself and how others define you)
Diversity in Society
(differences and variety)
Factors that shape the identities of INDIVIDUALS:
21. Factors that shape the identities of INDIVIDUALS:
2) Race and Ethnicity
Are they
the same
thing???
NOOO!
22. Factors that shape the identities of INDIVIDUALS:
2) Race and Ethnicity
āRaceā refers to classification according to
physical characteristics that are biological
in nature.
ā¢ E.g. skin colour, hair, eye colour, bone structure
(TB pg. 111)
Chinese: yellow skin, slanted eyes/slit eyes, slightly rounder faces
Caucasians: light skin and eyes, narrow noses, and thin lips
23. Factors that shape the identities of INDIVIDUALS:
2) Race and Ethnicity
āEthnicityā refers oneās ancestry, customs,
cultural practices, language, food and
dressing that are associated with an ethnic
group
ā¢ E.g. practices and customs that are unique to
particular country/region
(TB pg. 112)
24. Factors that shape the identities of INDIVIDUALS:
2) Race and Ethnicity
ļ Same race but different ethnicity:
Miao people vs Hui people
Language Dialects and own Miao
language (based on Latin)
Chinese (some Arabic &
Persian words)
Food Rice Prefer food with flour
Race Chinese
Hair colour Black hair
Skin colour Yellow-skinned
Similarities?
Differences?
25. Factors that shape the identities of INDIVIDUALS:
2) Race and Ethnicity
ļ Same race but different ethnicity (e.g. Miao & Hui)
ļ Same race same ethnicity (e.g. Japanese, Koreans)
TB pg. 112 - 113
ā¢ Race and ethnicity shape
our identity as we belong to
particular racial and/or ethnic
communities
ā¢ The practices and beliefs of
these communities shape
our way of life
27. Factors that shape the identities of INDIVIDUALS:
2) Race and Ethnicity
ā¢ In Singapore, four main categories of race ā
C, M, I, O
28. Factors that shape the identities of INDIVIDUALS:
2) Race and Ethnicity (TB pg. 108-110)
ā¢ In Singapore, four main categories of race ā
C, M, I, O
ā¢ Racial markers shape policies in education,
housing and welfare (e.g. Mendaki, CDAC etc)
ā¢ Categorisation was necessary in early days to
bring different communities together
ā¢ Today, categorisation has changed:
ā¢ DOUBLE-BARRELLED RACE OPTION
ā¢ For children belonging to parents of diff races
ā¢ Due to more inter-ethnic marriages in SG
30. Factors that shape the identities of INDIVIDUALS:
2) Race and Ethnicity (TB pg. 108-110)
ā¢ In Singapore, four main categories of race ā
C, M, I, O (= Chinese, Malay, Indian, Others)
ā¢ Diversity of race and ethnicity leads to many
different customs celebrated and observed
in Singapore
31. 1. Nationality
2. Race and
ethnicity
Identity
(the way you define yourself and how others define you)
Diversity
(differences and variety)
Factors that shape the identities of INDIVIDUALS:
32. Factors that shape the identities of INDIVIDUALS:
3) Religion (TB pg. 116)
ā¢ Religion is an organised collection of attitudes,
beliefs, practices, world views, and often
worship of a single or multiple gods.
ā¢ Religion by birth or
by choice
ā¢ Religion gives
meaning to life or
explains origin of
life
33. Factors that shape the identities of INDIVIDUALS:
3) Religion (TB pg. 117)
ā¢ Religions embody a set of shared core beliefs
and practices (e.g?)
ā¢ Believers keep to these beliefs and practices
regardless of nationality or ethnicity
ā¢ Shapes our identity by influencing our
way of life in many ways
34. Factors that shape the identities of INDIVIDUALS:
3) Religion (TB pg. 117)
ā¢ In SG:
ā¢ Total no. of major religions being practised?
ā¢ What are the four main religions?
ā¢ What is the Inter-Religious Organisation (IRO)?
ā¢ Main religions in SG promote compassion,
sensitivity, respect, helping others, love, care
ā¢ Singapore citizens are free to profess and
practise their religion, as well as propagate it
(religious freedom)
35. Factors that shape the identities of INDIVIDUALS:
3) Religion (TB pg. 117)
36. 1. Nationality
2. Race and
ethnicity
3. Religion
Identity
(the way you define yourself and how others define you)
Diversity in Society
(differences and variety)
Factors that shape the identities of INDIVIDUALS:
37. Factors that shape the identities of INDIVIDUALS:
4) Socio-Economic Status (TB pg. 120-121)
ā¢ Socio-economic status refers to an economic
situation shared by a group of people.
ā¢ E.g. Higher SES; middle SES; lower SES.
ā¢ What determines SES?
ā¢ Objective indicators e.g.:
occupation, income,
education, ownership
of wealth, property,
housing type
ā¢ In Singapore, an individual income level or
householdās income level is used as indicator for
socio-economic status (SES).
38. Factors that shape the identities of INDIVIDUALS:
4) Socio-Economic Status (TB pg. 122)
ā¢ 3 min Task (handout pg. 3)
ā¢ Socio-economic status shapes life
experience because it affects choice of
housing, food, entertainment and activities
ā¢ Influences circle of friends, social network
ā¢ Access to different activities
39. Factors that shape the identities of INDIVIDUALS:
4) Socio-Economic Status (TB pg. 129)
ā¢ Gini coefficient measures how income is
distributed in a country.
ā¢ 0 to 1
ā¢ Higher Gini coefficient = more unequal
distribution of income
ā¢ SGās Gini coefficient = 0.43 (in 2014)
ā¢ Income gap is widening
ļ Greater income inequality
40. Factors that shape the identities of INDIVIDUALS:
4) Socio-Economic Status (TB pg. 129)
ā¢ Government transfers to reduce income gap
(e.g. GST voucher)
41. Factors that shape the identities of INDIVIDUALS:
4) Socio-Economic Status (TB pg. 129)
ā¢ Government transfers to reduce income gap
(e.g. GST voucher)
ā¢ To enable social mobility, many measures put
in place to support the needs of the lower
socio-economic status groups
ā¢ Healthcare and education financing:
ā¢ Meet basic needs
ā¢ Improve well-being and social mobility
42. Factors that shape the identities of INDIVIDUALS:
4) Socio-Economic Status (TB pg. 128)
ā¢ āSocial mobilityā means that individuals can
move from lower to higher levels of income
through hard work.
ā¢ Can a personās SES change?
ā¢ Story 1: Higher SES ļ Lower SES
ā¢ Story 2: Lower SES ļ Higher SES
43. 1. Nationality
2. Race and
ethnicity
3. Religion
4. Socio-
Economic
Status (SES)
Identity
(the way you define yourself and how others define you)
Diversity in Society
(differences and variety)
Factors that shape the identities of INDIVIDUALS:
Editor's Notes
Get students to introduce themselves to their partner ā to give as many details as possible in the self-introduction (e.g. likes, dislikes, country of origin, siblings, race, special practices at home, religion, where you stay etc)
Select two people to intro themselves to the class ā write details on the board (categorize into the 4 factors)
Takeaway: Every one has different identities ļ society is very diverse ļ āDiversityā ļ Qn: harmony in society achievable?
Even though there were no mention of the word āSingaporeā in any of the photographs, the themes that students come up with will likely to make mention/reference to Singapore ļ link to next slide.
Tell story of going overseas and recognizing Singaporean counterparts just purely from their mannerisms and attitudes.
Chinese: yellow skin, slanted eyes/slit eyes, slightly rounder faces
Caucasians: light skin and eyes, narrow noses, and thin lips
Relationship between race and ethnicity may not always be clear.
Members of the Miao and Hui communities in China may have physical features of the Chinese race, but they are of a different ethnicity, with unique costumes, practices and customs.
Relationship between race and ethnicity may not always be clear.
A fourth-generation Japanese of Korean descent, he acquired Japanese nationality in 2001.
Rationale behind this categorisation:
Necessary in our early nation-building days to unite communities.
Double-barrelled race option: e.g. āChinese-Eurasianā
Implemented in 2011
Rise in inter-ethnic marriages in Singapore.
The choice is reflected in the NRIC.
Rationale behind this categorisation:
Necessary in our early nation-building days to unite communities.
Double-barrelled race option: e.g. āChinese-Eurasianā
Implemented in 2011
Rise in inter-ethnic marriages in Singapore.
The choice is reflected in the NRIC.
E.g. Islam:
Eid al-Fitr marks the end of the fasting month of Ramadan. This has to do with the communal aspects of the fast, which expresses many of the basic values of theĀ Muslim community; e.g., empathy for the poor, charity, worship, steadfastness, patience etc. Fasting is also believed by some scholars to extol fundamental distinctions, lauding the power of theĀ spiritualĀ realm, while acknowledging the subordination of the physical realm. It also teaches a Muslim to stay away from worldly desires and to focus entirely on the Lord and thank Him for his blessings. It is a rejuvenation of the religion and it creates a stronger bond between the Muslim and his Lord
Together withĀ Buddhism,Ā IslamĀ andĀ Hinduism, ChristianityĀ is considered one of the four main religions today.Ā ChristianityĀ in Singapore is not tied to a particular ethnic or racial group, although most Christians are Chinese.
The IRO promotes peace and religious harmony in Singapore. It organises activities and participates in local and international forums to learn more about what is being done in the region to promote religious harmony. They engage in Inter-Religious Dialogues to discuss the realities and challenges of religious issues in Singapore.
http://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/singapore/bottom-30-top-10-of/2551154.html
A higher Gini coefficient implies a less equal distribution of incomes. (Infographic: Singapore Department of Statistics)
GST Voucher https://www.gstvoucher.gov.sg/Pages/index.aspx
The permanent GST Voucher scheme was introduced by the Government in Budget 2012 to help lower-income Singaporeans. The GST Voucher is given in three components ā Cash, Medisave and U-Save. GST Voucher ā Cash provides lower-income Singaporeans with some cash for immediate needs, and is paid every August. Similarly paid every August is the GST Voucher ā Medisave, which provides elderly Singaporeans aged 65 and above with a CPF Medisave account top-up to support their medical needs. Lastly, the GST Voucher ā USave provides lower- and middle-income households with a rebate to offset their utilities bills, and is paid every January, April, July and October.
GST Voucher https://www.gstvoucher.gov.sg/Pages/index.aspx
The permanent GST Voucher scheme was introduced by the Government in Budget 2012 to help lower-income Singaporeans. The GST Voucher is given in three components ā Cash, Medisave and U-Save. GST Voucher ā Cash provides lower-income Singaporeans with some cash for immediate needs, and is paid every August. Similarly paid every August is the GST Voucher ā Medisave, which provides elderly Singaporeans aged 65 and above with a CPF Medisave account top-up to support their medical needs. Lastly, the GST Voucher ā USave provides lower- and middle-income households with a rebate to offset their utilities bills, and is paid every January, April, July and October.
