Butler model
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The document discusses Butler's Tourism Area Life Cycle model, which outlines the typical stages of development and decline for a tourism destination: 1) Exploration stage - A few adventurous tourists discover an undeveloped place with natural or cultural attractions but no tourism facilities yet. 2) Involvement stage - Local residents get involved by providing accommodations, food, and transportation, and tourism becomes economically significant. 3) Development stage - Large numbers of tourists arrive, big companies invest, and secondary attractions are created, swelling tourism jobs and development. 4) Consolidation stage - Tourism dominates the local economy, marketing expands, and major chains operate resorts, arousing some local opposition. Decline
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![TOURISM AREA LIFE CYCLE MODEL
[BUTLER 1980]](data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAP///yH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAIBRAA7)
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What is international tourism basics.pdf
What is international tourism?
• Tourism is the generic term used to cover both demand and
supply that has been adopted in a variety of forms and used
throughout the world. International tourism essentially
refers to the activities undertaken by visitors, also known
as the visitor economy. The tourism industry encompasses
all activity that takes place within the visitor economy.
• This includes activities that are directly related to the
tourist, such as staying in a hotel, ordering a meal or
visiting a tourist attraction. It also includes indirect
activities, such as the transport company which delivers
the food to the restaurant in which the tourist eats or the
laundry company that has a contract with the hotel for
cleaning bed sheets.
• It is largely due to the indirect contributions to tourism,
that defining and measuring the tourism industry is so
difficult!
International tourism definitions
• Tourism is a phenomenon with no universally accepted
definition, owing to the complexity and individualism of
the travellers themselves and the activities that they
choose to undertake.
• The most widely utilised definition of tourism, proposed
by the World Trade Organisation (WTO) and United States
(UN) Nations Statistics Division (1994), prescribes that
in order to qualify as a tourist one must travel and remain
in a place outside of their usual residential environment
for not more than one consecutive year for leisure,
business or other purposes.
• Matheison and Wall (1982) on the other hand, do not impose
a timeframe, simply stating that one must travel to a
destination temporarily.
• Leiper (1979) believed that defining tourism is more
complex than this, proposing that there are three
approaches that can be taken. The economic stance focuses
on tourism as a business, the technical stance focusses on
the tourist in order to provide a common basis by which to
collect data and the holistic stance attempts to include
the entire essence of the subject.
• The Cambridge Dictionary define tourism quite simply as;
‘the business of providing services such as transport,
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SRI LANKA | Tourism strategic plan and action 2017 - 2020
Sri Lanka Tourism
Strategic Plan 2017-2020
The Vision deines a desired future reputation. it draws inspiration from the 13th century explorer marco polo’sdescription of the island as “the inest island of its size in all the world” and from market research conducted into sri Lanka’s value proposition.
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This document discusses social carrying capacity as it relates to tourism. Social carrying capacity refers to the maximum number of tourists an area can support without negative social, cultural, or economic impacts on the local community or degradation of the visitor experience. It examines both positive and negative socio-cultural impacts of tourism on communities. Positive impacts include education/training, enhanced quality of life, pride in local culture, and cultural awareness/peace, while negative impacts include commodification of culture, increased crime, loss of cultural identity, displacement of locals, economic tensions, and potential exploitation of workers. The conclusion states that sustainable tourism development aims to enhance community welfare through economic opportunities while preserving cultural heritage and quality of life, rather than relying solely on numerical carrying
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This document discusses international tourism and its growth and impact. It provides definitions of key tourism terms and describes some of the economic, social, political, and environmental factors that have contributed to the rapid expansion of global tourism over recent decades. While tourism has benefited many countries and communities, the document also examines some of the negative cultural, economic, and environmental consequences that have occurred in some destinations as a result of mass tourism development.
Tourism area or destination life cycle
Tourism area or destination life cycle TALC model given by Buttler.
for more details contact romaisa573@gmail.com
Buencamino
The document discusses tourism management issues related to the growth of dark tourism. Dark tourism involves visiting sites associated with death, disaster, and tragedy. Key issues include visitor number management, safeguarding sites from vandalism and erosion, and managing culture sensitively. Tourism operators must educate visitors on appropriate conduct and ensure funds for conservation. Dark tourism sites require management rather than restoration to control vegetation growth and foot traffic.
Economic Evaluation of Eco-Tourism
The document discusses the economic valuation of eco-tourism. It defines ecotourism as responsible travel to natural areas that conserves the environment, improves local welfare, and involves education. Ecotourism aims to support biodiversity conservation and sustainable development. The document outlines pros like economic improvement and cons like ecosystem degradation. It explains how ecotourism helps economic growth through job creation and increased tax revenue. The multiplier effect is described as additional income and spending stimulating further economic activity. Factors affecting Pakistan's eco-tourism potential and its contribution to GDP are also analyzed.
Economicimpactoftourism 120712024901-phpapp01
Tourism can have both positive and negative economic impacts on host countries. Positively, it generates foreign exchange earnings, contributes to government revenues through taxes, creates employment opportunities both directly and indirectly, stimulates investment in infrastructure that benefits local communities, and contributes to local economies. However, it also causes leakage when profits flow out of the local economy, enables enclave tourism that does not benefit local businesses, increases infrastructure costs for governments, raises prices for local residents, risks economic dependence on the tourism industry, and creates seasonal jobs. The economic impacts are complex and countries must manage tourism development carefully.
PPT Proposal.pptx
Industri pariwisata yang terdiri dari bisnis pariwisata dan ekonomi kreatif dilaporkan sebagai sektor yang paling terdampak pada masa pandemi COVID-19. Pandemi yang telah berlangsung selama lebih dari 2 tahun sejak pertama kali masuk Indonesia pada tahun 2020 hingga awal tahun 2022 membawa dampak buruk pada seluruh sektor termasuk bisnis terkhusus pariwisata dan ekonomi kreatif. Hal ini ditunjukkan dengan laporan Kementerian Pariwisata pada tahun 2019-2020 dimana imbas dari terjadinya COVID-19 adalah penurunan jumlah wisatawan internasional yang menyebabkan menurunnya tingkat okupansi hotel di Indonesia yang signifikan hinga 28.66%, bisnis MICE yang mengalami kerugian hingga 2.69 triliun dan 50 ribu pekerja kreatif di industri pariwisata terancam kehilangan pekerjaan, pembatalan tiket pesawat, dan penurunan penjualan langsung souvenir tenun ikat NTT sampai 85%. Oleh karena itu, diperlukan upaya-upaya pemulihan bagi pengelola unit usaha bisnis pariwisata dan ekonomi kreatif salah satunya melalui penerapan online platform untuk pemasaran produk pariwisata.
Pandemi COVID-19 mendorong akselerasi digital. Melalui platform online digital, konsumen tetap tekoneksi satu sama lain. Teknologi digital telah menjadi katalisator yang membantu konsumen beraktivitas di tengah pembatasan sosial. Saat ini, mayoritas konsumen mulai mampu menggunakan online platform dan hal ini merupakan peluang bagi unit bisnis pariwisata dan ekonomi kreatif untuk membangkitkan kembali usahanya termasuk bagi industri pariwisata di Kota Kupang yang mengalami dampak yang sama.
Metode penelitian ini adalah penelitian kualitatif melalui pendekatan instrumen penelitian yakni pedoman wawancara yang dilakukan pada pengelola unit bisnis pariwisata di Kota Kupang. Adapun pengelola unit bisnis pariwisata dan ekonomi kreatif yang menjadi sasaran dalam penelitian ini adalah sejumlah 10 unit usaha. Adapun informasi yang ingin diperoleh adalah mengenai karakteristik usaha, dampak pandemi pada usaha, dan upaya-upaya dalam meningkatkan kembali volume usaha terutama dengan menggunakan online platform. Jenis data dalam penelitian ini terbagi menjadi dua yakni jenis data kuantitatif dan jenis data kualitatif. Jenis data kuantitatif dikumpulkan melalui pemanfaaatan data di website dan statistik yang ada sedangkan data kualitatif diperoleh langsung dari pengelola unit usaha.
L7 ap rural rebranding
Rural areas often focus on developing a narrow "brand" to attract more visitors as they are isolated and face challenges attracting people. Successful rural rebranding strategies adopt themes like heritage, literature, adventure, or specialized products to market remote areas. A case study examines how the Lake District in the UK has rebranded itself around its heritage and literary associations, farm diversification, specialized food and drink products, and outdoor pursuits to become a major tourism destination.
U1lo44
This document discusses enclave tourism and the concept of leakage in tourism. It provides the following key points:
1) Enclave tourism, like all-inclusive resorts, is characterized by high levels of leakage as tourists rarely interact with local communities beyond resort staff. Most spending goes to international companies rather than local businesses.
2) Leakage occurs through import leakage when resorts import goods to meet tourist demands, and export leakage when profits are repatriated overseas by foreign investors. This can result in up to 80% of tourist spending leaving the local economy.
3) Reducing leakage and maximizing local economic benefits requires strategies like regulating foreign ownership, supporting small local businesses, and reinvesting
Tourism And Local Development
The document discusses a seminar on tourism and local economic development that addressed how businesses in the tourism industry can increase their contributions to local economic development and pro-poor growth. Key points raised included the importance of facilitating local community access to tourism markets and opportunities, developing local capacity, and measuring and demonstrating impacts on local economies and poverty reduction. There was consensus that developers, financiers, hoteliers and tour operators all have roles to play in creating such opportunities and that a coordinated sector-wide approach is needed.
Similar to Butler model (20)
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Butler model
- 1. Tourism Area Life Cycle Presented By:- Vallavi MBA ( 1st sem) Section -B
- 2. TOURISM AREA LIFE CYCLE MODEL [BUTLER 1980]
- 3. EXPLORATION STAGE • A few hardy and adventurous people looking for something different in a holiday find a place that is special in terms of its culture, natural beauty, history or landscape. • So,Small numbers of tourists at the destination. • Based on primary tourist attractions. These maybe natural or cultural. • No secondary tourism attractions are present.
- 4. • Tourism has no economic or social significance to local residents. • There are several small towns and villages in Himachal Pradesh that are yet unexplored in the state and Jibhi is one of them.
- 5. INVOLVEMENT STAGE • Local residents become involved in tourism. • Local people start to notice that there are increasing numbers of people coming to their local area. They start businesses to provide accommodation, food, guides, and transport. • Emergence of secondary tourism facilities such as guest houses. • A tourism season may develop. • Pressure develops for governments to improve transport for tourists.
- 6. • Ziro is a valley in Arunachal Pradesh and a hub for economic activities as well as counter culture. This beautiful utopia is made famous by a brilliant yearly music festival called the Ziro Valley Carnival. Ziro valley view
- 7. DEVELOPMENT STAGE • High numbers of tourists that may exceed the local population during peak periods. • Heavy advertising will create a well-defined tourist market. • Local involvement and control of tourism declines rapidly. • Big companies start to see the emerging potential of the area as a tourist resort and therefore start to invest money in the region.
- 8. • External organizations will provide secondary tourism attractions. • Natural and cultural attractions will be developed and marketed. • This makes the numbers of tourists swell dramatically and massively expands the number of job opportunities for people in the local region, in both tourist related jobs and in construction and services. • Local people experience physical changes to the area that they may not approve of.
- 9. • Ladakh as a tourist destination is developing stage. The government of Jammu and Kashmir has come with Buddhist Tourism in Ladakh. Maitreya Buddha in ladakh
- 10. CONSOLIDATION STAGE • Tourism growth slows but the number of tourists exceeds the local population. • The area's economy is tied to tourism and many local people will make their money from this type of industry. • Marketing and advertising will be wide- reaching. • Major franchises and tourism chains will be represented.
- 11. • Resort areas will have a well- defined recreational business district. • Tourism arouses opposition and discontent from some local people. • Shirdi in Maharashtra is a good example for this stage. In October 2017, Shirdi airport will be opened for commercial flights and Hilton will launch doubletree by Hilton in Shirdi soon.
- 12. STAGNATION STAGE • Visitor numbers have reached their peak. • Carrying capacity has been reached or exceeded. • The number of people going levels off then starts to decline, threatening local businesses and services. • Tourism causes environmental, social and economic problems. • The resort becomes divorced from its geographic environment.
- 13. • Artificial tourism attractions now supersede the original primary attractions. • Area has well-established image but will no longer be fashionable . • Goa is a good example for this stage as there is mass tourism but government has not come with any new scheme to rejuvenate tourism in state and the they are not addressing problems of local people.
- 15. After reaching stagnation, butler saw rejuvenation or decline as possible alternatives. The last stage of his model offers five scenarios between complete rejuvenation and total decline: A: Successful redevelopment leads to renewed growth. B: Minor modifications to capacity levels lead to modest growth in tourism. C: Tourism is stabilized by cutting capacity levels.
- 16. D: Continued overuse of resources and lack of investment leads to decline. E: War, disease ,other catastrophe causes an immediate collapse in tourism. We will discuss two scenarios in the broad; decline scenario and rejuvenation scenario.
- 17. DECLINE SCENARIO • Unable to complete with newer tourism attractions. • Holidaymakers replaced by weekend or day- trippers. • Tourism facilities replaced by non-tourism activities. • Hotels may become retirement homes or flats for local residents.
- 18. • Ultimately, the area may become a tourism slum or drop out of the tourism market completely. • Tourism has declined in the capital of India. The main reason behind the decline is the tag of ‘rape capital’ or ‘crime capital’.
- 19. Police constables staring at foreign tourists in India.
- 20. REJUVENATION SCENARIO • Requires a complete change in tourism attractions. • It involves a cash injection from either a private company or the government, to create a new attraction • Previously untapped tourism resources maybe found.
- 21. • Uttar Pradesh tourism department in collaboration with the national helicopter carrier, Pawan Hans, is all set to launch a helicopter service to get an aerial view of the city to boost tourism. It is being done to add more tourism products or services to enhance tourism.
- 22. Arial view of Taj Mahal
- 23. THANK YOU!!