International agreements like the Kyoto Protocol and national policies in countries such as Singapore aim to reduce greenhouse gas emissions by setting emission targets and implementing initiatives. The Kyoto Protocol has had some successes, with many countries meeting or exceeding its targets through monitoring emissions and countries like Germany significantly reducing emissions, but it also has limitations. Singapore has also seen successes through its national Green Plan, Green Mark Scheme, and Plant-A-Tree Programme.

1. Contracts signed by two or more
countries / countries around the
world to work together to deal with
climate change
Policies implemented by individual
countries to reduce the country’s
greenhouse gas emissions
(1) International Agreements (2) National Responses
Responses to Climate Change
Goal:
Reduce Greenhouse Gas Emissions
Case study: Kyoto Protocol Case study: Singapore
(a) Successes
(b) Limitations
(a) Singapore Green Plan 2012
(b) Green Mark Scheme
(c) Plant-A-Tree Programme

2. International Response – Kyoto Protocol
Successes
Countries were required to monitor and report their
greenhouse gas emissions to ensure that they were on
track in keeping to their emission targets.

4. Many countries have met or
exceeded the targets set by the
Kyoto Protocol. This included
countries such as Germany,
Ireland and Finland.

5. Between 1990 and 2002,
Germany reduced its
greenhouse gas emissions
by 19.4%, equivalent to
240 million tonnes of
CO2 annually.
Many countries have met or
exceeded the targets set by the
Kyoto Protocol. This included
countries such as Germany,
Ireland and Finland.