Size reduction equipment is divided into crushers, grinders, and ultrafine grinders. Crushers break large solid materials into smaller pieces, while grinders further reduce crushed materials to powder. Ultrafine grinders accept feed particles up to 6 mm and produce products typically between 1-50 micrometers. Common types of crushers and grinders include jaw crushers, gyratory crushers, impact crushers, hammer mills, roller mills, attrition mills, and tumbling mills.
Size reduction is a process of reducing large solid unit masses, coarse particles or fine particles.
Size reduction may be achieved by two methods:
1] Precipitation
2] Mechanical process
1] Precipitation method: Substance is dissolve in appropriate solvent.
2] Mechanical process: Mechanical force is introduce by using different equipments like ball mill, colloid mill etc.
Generally, size reduction and size separation are combined to obtain powder with the desired particle size distribution (PSD) for acceptable flow and compressibility for downstream processing . The mechanical process of reducing the particle size of a solid is also called milling.
Size reduction is a process of reducing large solid unit masses, coarse particles or fine particles.
Size reduction may be achieved by two methods:
1] Precipitation
2] Mechanical process
1] Precipitation method: Substance is dissolve in appropriate solvent.
2] Mechanical process: Mechanical force is introduce by using different equipments like ball mill, colloid mill etc.
Generally, size reduction and size separation are combined to obtain powder with the desired particle size distribution (PSD) for acceptable flow and compressibility for downstream processing . The mechanical process of reducing the particle size of a solid is also called milling.
Fluid energy mill for pharmacy principles, construction, working, uses, meri...ASHUTOSH SENGAR
this is an slideshare for pharmacy students, principles, construction, working, uses, merits and
demerits of , fluid energy mill its for b. pharm. and M. PHARM
Fluid energy mill for pharmacy principles, construction, working, uses, meri...ASHUTOSH SENGAR
this is an slideshare for pharmacy students, principles, construction, working, uses, merits and
demerits of , fluid energy mill its for b. pharm. and M. PHARM
(No "Download lock")........... Study it, Download it, Understand it, Apply it and Serve the community.
رَبِّ زدْنيِ عِلْماً (Arabic)..............Ameen.
size reduction,laws involved in size reduction ,application & millsM Swetha
size reduction basic principles,laws&machanism of size reduction with all mills .I gave a note on size separation .it is very useful for the teaching staff &students of B.pharmacy
The first lecture in the module Particle Technology, delivered to second year students who have already studied basic fluid mechanics. Some applications of Particle Technology are described, in industry and nature, and particle size analysis and means of representing the data. The format for the laboratory classes for the module and their reports are covered.
This ppt is for pharmacology students of MBBS UG&PG and other healthcare persons who needs basic science like BDS, Nursing Ayurveda unani homeopathy etc.
Particle size reduction and its impact in the food industryquadrocomil
Quadrocomil leading technology provider of security screening equipment, size reduction equipment for unparalleled results in particle size reduction. For more info, visit our website.
Engineering appliances and gadgets are dominating the life of human being. Therefore, it is a need to understand the characteristics of engineering materials being used to produce these products. The materials that are being selected must fulfil some of the basic requirements. To design, engineered, improve, and develop any of these products, it is essential to understand the properties of materials. In this “easy-to-follow” and “easy-to-understand” training course, engineering materials properties will be elaborate in detail.
Upon completion of this training course, participants should be able:
To explain concepts related to electrical, thermal, optical, magnetic, dielectric, superconductivity properties.
To correlate theory and principle of solid state materials with their engineering applications.
To suggest engineering materials for certain engineering applications
Suitable for:
1. Technicians, engineers and researchers
2. Decision makers, policy makers, and managers
Engineering materials are the core of any engineering products. The performance of the products is determined by the behaviour and characteristics of the designed materials according to their required specifications. Therefore, it is extremely important to understand the characteristics of the materials. This can be done by performing an appropriate and reliable characterization or testing on the materials. By doing that, information that is of interest namely electrical, mechanical, thermal, optical, and chemical property can be acquired and subsequently correlate with the product performance. To acquire this information, knowledge of characterization tools, limitation of the tools, and application of the tools is essential. By having this knowledge, it may help engineers and researchers to select a suitable tool for a specific purpose. The characterization techniques being introduced are suitable for materials with dimensionality ranging from nanometer to macrometer scale (or nanostructures to bulk materials).
PROSINO Shredder Brand - Global shredder and granulator pioneer is an industry-leading Manufacturer in shredding machines and granulating machines. Inquiry!
SIZE REDUCTION AND FACTORS AFFECTING SIZE REDUCTION IN PHARMACEUTICAL INDUSTRYAkankshaPatel55
In the realm of pharmacy, size truly matters! Particle size reduction, often referred to as comminution, plays a crucial role in transforming raw materials into effective and readily absorbable medications. It's like shrinking giants - turning bulky substances into microscopic warriors ready to combat ailments.
Why is size reduction so important? Imagine trying to swallow a whole apple compared to taking a bite. The smaller the pieces, the greater the surface area exposed, and the faster and more efficiently something dissolves or reacts. In the world of medicine, this translates to:
Enhanced drug bioavailability: Smaller particles dissolve quicker and more readily in the digestive system, leading to faster absorption and action of the medication. Think of it as opening wider doors for the drug to enter the bloodstream and reach its target.
Improved drug stability: Smaller particles tend to be more stable and less prone to degradation, ensuring the medication's potency and effectiveness over time.
Uniformity and mixing: Precise size control allows for consistent drug distribution within a dosage form, guaranteeing accurate and reliable dosing.
Tailored drug delivery: Size reduction facilitates the development of specialized drug delivery systems, like inhalers or sublingual tablets, where minute particles are crucial for targeted action.
How is size reduction achieved? A variety of techniques are employed, each with its own advantages and best suited for specific materials:
Milling: Mechanical grinding using ball mills, hammer mills, or jet mills physically breaks down larger particles into smaller ones.
Micronization: Specialized techniques like air jet milling or fluidized bed milling achieve ultra-fine particle sizes in the micron range (1-10 micrometers).
Cryo-milling: Grinding at cryogenic temperatures minimizes heat generation, preserving sensitive drug compounds.
Size reduction isn't just about brute force. Choosing the right technique and particle size depends on various factors, including the drug's physical and chemical properties, desired release profile, and dosage form. It's a delicate dance between effectiveness, stability, and manufacturability.
The impact of size reduction extends far beyond individual medications. It enables the development of innovative drug delivery systems, like controlled-release tablets or transdermal patches, that improve patient compliance and treatment outcomes. It also plays a vital role in research and development, allowing scientists to study drug interactions and optimize formulations at the microscopic level.
So, the next time you pop a pill, remember the invisible giants behind it - the power of size reduction silently working its magic to deliver healing and hope.
'Vertical shaft impact crusher is also called sand maker which is highly efficient stone crushing equipment with domestic and international leading level researched and manufactured by Hongxing Machinery on the basis of introducing the famous “stone impacting stone” crusher principle
COLLEGE BUS MANAGEMENT SYSTEM PROJECT REPORT.pdfKamal Acharya
The College Bus Management system is completely developed by Visual Basic .NET Version. The application is connect with most secured database language MS SQL Server. The application is develop by using best combination of front-end and back-end languages. The application is totally design like flat user interface. This flat user interface is more attractive user interface in 2017. The application is gives more important to the system functionality. The application is to manage the student’s details, driver’s details, bus details, bus route details, bus fees details and more. The application has only one unit for admin. The admin can manage the entire application. The admin can login into the application by using username and password of the admin. The application is develop for big and small colleges. It is more user friendly for non-computer person. Even they can easily learn how to manage the application within hours. The application is more secure by the admin. The system will give an effective output for the VB.Net and SQL Server given as input to the system. The compiled java program given as input to the system, after scanning the program will generate different reports. The application generates the report for users. The admin can view and download the report of the data. The application deliver the excel format reports. Because, excel formatted reports is very easy to understand the income and expense of the college bus. This application is mainly develop for windows operating system users. In 2017, 73% of people enterprises are using windows operating system. So the application will easily install for all the windows operating system users. The application-developed size is very low. The application consumes very low space in disk. Therefore, the user can allocate very minimum local disk space for this application.
Forklift Classes Overview by Intella PartsIntella Parts
Discover the different forklift classes and their specific applications. Learn how to choose the right forklift for your needs to ensure safety, efficiency, and compliance in your operations.
For more technical information, visit our website https://intellaparts.com
About
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system.
• Compatible with IDM8000 CCR.
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
• Easy in configuration using DIP switches.
Technical Specifications
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
Key Features
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system
• Copatiable with IDM8000 CCR
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
Application
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system.
• Compatible with IDM8000 CCR.
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
• Easy in configuration using DIP switches.
Hybrid optimization of pumped hydro system and solar- Engr. Abdul-Azeez.pdffxintegritypublishin
Advancements in technology unveil a myriad of electrical and electronic breakthroughs geared towards efficiently harnessing limited resources to meet human energy demands. The optimization of hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems plays a pivotal role in utilizing natural resources effectively. This initiative not only benefits humanity but also fosters environmental sustainability. The study investigated the design optimization of these hybrid systems, focusing on understanding solar radiation patterns, identifying geographical influences on solar radiation, formulating a mathematical model for system optimization, and determining the optimal configuration of PV panels and pumped hydro storage. Through a comparative analysis approach and eight weeks of data collection, the study addressed key research questions related to solar radiation patterns and optimal system design. The findings highlighted regions with heightened solar radiation levels, showcasing substantial potential for power generation and emphasizing the system's efficiency. Optimizing system design significantly boosted power generation, promoted renewable energy utilization, and enhanced energy storage capacity. The study underscored the benefits of optimizing hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems for sustainable energy usage. Optimizing the design of solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems as examined across diverse climatic conditions in a developing country, not only enhances power generation but also improves the integration of renewable energy sources and boosts energy storage capacities, particularly beneficial for less economically prosperous regions. Additionally, the study provides valuable insights for advancing energy research in economically viable areas. Recommendations included conducting site-specific assessments, utilizing advanced modeling tools, implementing regular maintenance protocols, and enhancing communication among system components.
Student information management system project report ii.pdfKamal Acharya
Our project explains about the student management. This project mainly explains the various actions related to student details. This project shows some ease in adding, editing and deleting the student details. It also provides a less time consuming process for viewing, adding, editing and deleting the marks of the students.
Automobile Management System Project Report.pdfKamal Acharya
The proposed project is developed to manage the automobile in the automobile dealer company. The main module in this project is login, automobile management, customer management, sales, complaints and reports. The first module is the login. The automobile showroom owner should login to the project for usage. The username and password are verified and if it is correct, next form opens. If the username and password are not correct, it shows the error message.
When a customer search for a automobile, if the automobile is available, they will be taken to a page that shows the details of the automobile including automobile name, automobile ID, quantity, price etc. “Automobile Management System” is useful for maintaining automobiles, customers effectively and hence helps for establishing good relation between customer and automobile organization. It contains various customized modules for effectively maintaining automobiles and stock information accurately and safely.
When the automobile is sold to the customer, stock will be reduced automatically. When a new purchase is made, stock will be increased automatically. While selecting automobiles for sale, the proposed software will automatically check for total number of available stock of that particular item, if the total stock of that particular item is less than 5, software will notify the user to purchase the particular item.
Also when the user tries to sale items which are not in stock, the system will prompt the user that the stock is not enough. Customers of this system can search for a automobile; can purchase a automobile easily by selecting fast. On the other hand the stock of automobiles can be maintained perfectly by the automobile shop manager overcoming the drawbacks of existing system.
Cosmetic shop management system project report.pdfKamal Acharya
Buying new cosmetic products is difficult. It can even be scary for those who have sensitive skin and are prone to skin trouble. The information needed to alleviate this problem is on the back of each product, but it's thought to interpret those ingredient lists unless you have a background in chemistry.
Instead of buying and hoping for the best, we can use data science to help us predict which products may be good fits for us. It includes various function programs to do the above mentioned tasks.
Data file handling has been effectively used in the program.
The automated cosmetic shop management system should deal with the automation of general workflow and administration process of the shop. The main processes of the system focus on customer's request where the system is able to search the most appropriate products and deliver it to the customers. It should help the employees to quickly identify the list of cosmetic product that have reached the minimum quantity and also keep a track of expired date for each cosmetic product. It should help the employees to find the rack number in which the product is placed.It is also Faster and more efficient way.
Democratizing Fuzzing at Scale by Abhishek Aryaabh.arya
Presented at NUS: Fuzzing and Software Security Summer School 2024
This keynote talks about the democratization of fuzzing at scale, highlighting the collaboration between open source communities, academia, and industry to advance the field of fuzzing. It delves into the history of fuzzing, the development of scalable fuzzing platforms, and the empowerment of community-driven research. The talk will further discuss recent advancements leveraging AI/ML and offer insights into the future evolution of the fuzzing landscape.
CFD Simulation of By-pass Flow in a HRSG module by R&R Consult.pptxR&R Consult
CFD analysis is incredibly effective at solving mysteries and improving the performance of complex systems!
Here's a great example: At a large natural gas-fired power plant, where they use waste heat to generate steam and energy, they were puzzled that their boiler wasn't producing as much steam as expected.
R&R and Tetra Engineering Group Inc. were asked to solve the issue with reduced steam production.
An inspection had shown that a significant amount of hot flue gas was bypassing the boiler tubes, where the heat was supposed to be transferred.
R&R Consult conducted a CFD analysis, which revealed that 6.3% of the flue gas was bypassing the boiler tubes without transferring heat. The analysis also showed that the flue gas was instead being directed along the sides of the boiler and between the modules that were supposed to capture the heat. This was the cause of the reduced performance.
Based on our results, Tetra Engineering installed covering plates to reduce the bypass flow. This improved the boiler's performance and increased electricity production.
It is always satisfying when we can help solve complex challenges like this. Do your systems also need a check-up or optimization? Give us a call!
Work done in cooperation with James Malloy and David Moelling from Tetra Engineering.
More examples of our work https://www.r-r-consult.dk/en/cases-en/
CFD Simulation of By-pass Flow in a HRSG module by R&R Consult.pptx
Size reduction equipments by H Luqman (032)
1. name
09-12-2013
Name:
Hafiz Luqman Khalil (032)
Particle Technology
Place Photo Here,
Otherwise Delete Box
Submitted to:
Engr. Waqas Qamar
5th Semester, Chemical Engineering
Subject: Particle Technology
Assignment
Topic: Size Reducing Equipment
2. Size Reduction Equipment
Size reduction equipment is divided into crushers, grinders, ultrafine grinders and cutting
machines. Crushers do the large work of breaking large pieces of solid material into small lumps.
A primary crusher operates on run-of-mine material, accepting anything that comes from the face
of mine and breaking it into 150-250 mm lumps. A secondary crusher reduces these lumps to
particles perhaps 6 mm in size. Grinders reduce the crushed feed to powder. The product from a
intermediate grinder might pass a 40-mesh screen; most of the product from a fine grinder would
pass a 200-mesh screen with a 70 μ mm opening. An ultrafine grinder accet feed particles no larger
than 6 mm; the product size is typically 1-50 μ mm. Cutters give particles of definite size and
shape, 2 to 10 mm in length.
A. Crushers
Primary crushing reduces this run-of-mine rock to 150-250 mm lumps. The different types
of primary crushers are: jaw crushers, gyratory crushers, impact crushers, and autogenous
crushers.
1. Jaw Crusher:
The jaw crusher squeezes rock between two surfaces, one of which opens and closes like
a jaw. Rock enters the jaw crusher from the top. Pieces of rock, that are larger than the
opening at the bottom of the jaw, lodge between the two metal plates of the jaw. The
3. opening and closing action of the movable jaw against the fixed jaw continues to reduce
the size of lodged pieces of rock until the pieces are small enough to fall through the
opening at the bottom of the jaw.
2. Gyratory Crusher:
A gyratory crusher is among the main kinds of primary crushers in a mine or ore processing
plant. Gyratory crushers are designated in dimensions either by the gape and mantle
diameter or from the size the receiving opening. Gyratory crushers can be utilized for
primary or secondary crushing. Because, the gyratory crusher design is broken product
quality and production capacity as the primary factor to consider. Gyratory crusher is
developed for both dry and wet crushing of brittle, medium-hard materials for the mining,
cement, coal, metallurgic material, construction material, road building, and petroleum &
chemical industries. A gyratory crusher breaks rock by squeezing the rock between an
eccentrically gyrating spindle, which is covered by a wear resistant mantle, and the
enclosing concave hopper. As run-of-mine rock enters the top of the gyratory crusher, it
becomes wedged and squeezed between the mantle and hopper. Large pieces of ore are
broken once, and then fall to a lower position (because they are now smaller) where
they are broken again. This process continues until the pieces are small enough to fall
through the narrow opening at the bottom of the crusher.
4. 3. Impact Crusher:
Impact crushers, which are also called hammer mills, break rock by impacting the rock
with hammers that swing on a rotating shaft. The practical use of impact crushers is limited
to soft materials, such as phosphate, gypsum, weathered shales, etc. Impact crushers
cannot handle as large a top sized material as jaw, or gyratory, crushers can; however,
impact crushers can make a finer sized product.
4. Autogenous Crusher:
In recent years, autogenous crushers have been adapted for crushing run-of-mine rock in
primary crushing circuits. Consequently, autogenous mills have increased in importance
as a means of crushing and grinding. In autogenous crushers, the rock to be crushed also
provides the crushing force. Crushing is accomplished by the tumbling action of the rock.
Flexible crushing circuits can be constructed so that hard ores, as well as soft ores, can be
processed. Wet, sticky ores can be processed in autogenous mills, while the same ore
would present difficulties for other types of crushers.
5. B. Grinders
The term grinder refers to a variety of size reduction machines for intermediate duty.
Product from a crusher is often fed to a grinder for further reduction. Common commercia l
grinder machines are hammer mills, attrition mills, tumbling mills etc.
1. Hammer Mill:
A hammer mill is a machine whose purpose is to shred or crush aggregate material into
smaller pieces.
The material can be put into the machine from the inlet and then under the influence of the
guiding plate into the pulverizing cabin. Later on, the materials will be ground with the
hammer plates striking and sieve plates friction at fast speed, at last, with the help of
centrifugal force and air current, the pulverized materials will be discharged from the
foundation through sieve holes.
The basic principle is straightforward. A hammer mill is essentially a steel drum containing
a vertical or horizontal rotating shaft or drum on which hammers are mounted. The
hammers are free to swing on the ends of the cross, or fixed to the central rotor. The rotor
is spun at a high speed inside the drum while material is fed into a feed hopper. The material
is impacted by the hammer bars and is thereby shredded and expelled through screens in
the drum of a selected size.
The hammer mill can be used as a primary, secondary, or tertiary crusher.
6. 2. Roller Mill:
Roller mills are mills that use cylindrical rollers, either in opposing pairs or against flat
plates, to crush or grind various materials, such as grain, ore, gravel, plastic, and others.
Roller grain mills are an alternative to traditional millstone arrangements in gristmil ls.
Roller mills for rock complement other types of mills, such as ball mills and hammer mills,
in such industries as the mining and processing of ore and construction aggregate; cement
milling; and recycling.
7. 3. Attrition Mill:
The Attrition Mill produces particles within a relatively narrow particle size spectrum, from
granular (10 to 200 mesh). It is employed primarily for reduction of fibrous materials, but
is also suitable for friable products. It is available in three sizes with single- or dual
(counter-rotating) powered discs, and an extensive selection of plate designs for optimum
performance. In addition to general process applications, Munson Attrition Mills are often
utilized for conditioning of materials prior to packaging.
8. The attrition mill is a device for mechanically reducing solid particle size by intense
agitation of a slurry of material being milled and coarse milling media. For example, in 10
hours of milling, specific surfaces of 40 and 25 m2/g were obtained for alumina and barite,
corresponding to 38 and 56 nm equivalent spherical diameter, respectively. Size reduction
rates for relatively coarse particles were first-order and increased linearly with power input
to the mill. Optimum milling medium concentration corresponded to medium particles
moving a distance of approximately 0.7 of their diameter before collision with another such
particle. Power characteristics of the attrition mill were essentially the same as those of a
radial flow turbine mixer. Laminar flow became disrupted at NRe ≈ 200, while turbule nt
flow was established at NRe > 8000. Slurries of fine powders exhibited the same linear
power-average density dependence as single-phase liquids. However, a differe nt
dependence was observed with large particles.
4. Tumbling Mill:
Tumbling Mill / Ball Mill consists of a cylindrical shell which slowly turns about a
horizontal axis & is filled about half its volume with a solid grinding media. The shell is
lined with a replaceable liner which may be of high carbon steel, Manganese steel,
Porcelain or rubber. The grinding media is metal or rubber balls in a ball mill, Pebbles or
Porcelain in a Pebble Mill & metal rods in a Rod Mill.
9. In Tumbling Mills the material to be grinded is carried up the side of the shell upto the top
from where they fall on the particles underneath. In Ball / Pebble Mill the most of the
grinding is achieved by the impact of the Ball / Pebble which drop from nearly the top of
the shell whereas in a Rod mill the most of the size reduction is due to rolling attrition &
compression.
The Tumbling Mills may be batch type or continuous.
C. Ultrafine Grinders
Ultrafine grinding mill is a high-efficient ultrafine powder grinding mill, comparable to
air-blast mill, newly designed on the basis of industrial mill manufacturing experience for
many years, which adopts the theory of fluidics and successfully solves the problem of
high cost in domestic air-blast mill.
10. The new type of grinding roll assembly changes the traditional structure, using various
means of sealing, getting rid of three defects of old assembly, i.e. oil leak, dust coming in,
and disalignment.
With a wide range of capabilities in toll powder processing including grinding, flash drying
and particle classifying. Fluid Energy is uniquely positioned to process a wide range of
coarse, fine and ultrafine materials to your exact specifications, no matter how demanding
they may be. We have the capability to meet every powder processing application, no
matter how many steps may be involved, in taking your product from raw feed to finished
product. Whether the process requires fine grinding, crushing, drying, or classifying out
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and processed which gives us a significant advantage in finding the most cost-effective
solution for a particular application. Fluid Energy's Powder Processing Services Divis ion
is your single-source supplier because we maintain complete in-house responsibility for
the processing and packing of your product.
1. Fluid Energy Mills:
Fluid energy mills are used because of their advantages in fine grinding. The materials fed into
a jet stream are accelerated to a relatively high velocity from 10 to 200 m/s and although these
values are much higher than those encountered in the breeding process of crystals, there are
11. some similarities between these two operations. In both tiny fragments are produced by the
attrition of particles when they collide with each other, with the mixer or the wall of the
apparatus.
A size-reduction unit depending for its action on collisions between the particles being ground,
the energy being supplied by a compressed fluid, (e.g., air or steam) that enters the grinding
chamber at high speed. Such mills will give a product of 5 mu m or less; they have been used
for the fine grinding of frits, kaolin, zircon, titania, and calcined alumina, but the energy
consumed per ton of milled product is high.
2. Colloid Mill:
A colloid mill is a machine that is used to reduce the particle size of a solid in suspension in
a liquid, or to reduce the droplet size of a liquid suspended in another liquid. This is done by
12. applying high levels of hydraulic shear to the process liquid. It is frequently used to increase
the stability of suspensions and emulsions.
In Colloid Mill the product is subjected to high shearing, cutting, and rubbing forces between
two toothed surfaces. The product, while passing down the hopper, initially gets seized in the
preliminary breaking drum where it is broken and thrown in to the centrifugal effect of the
rotor rotating at a speed of 2800 RPM, the material is forced in to second tooth stage. The tooth
design of the grinding set causes powerful vibrations, which subject the particles with high
degree of forces. Intense whirling multiplies the grinding and mixing effect. The process is
continued till the material reaches the lowest grinding stage. The ground material continuously
leaves the mill through the outlet pipe, if required, it can be recalculated.