The document summarizes the ball mill, which is a grinder used to grind and blend materials. It discusses the basic parts of a ball mill including the hollow cylinder and balls. It then explains the principle of operation through impact and attrition. The document also covers the theory behind maintaining critical speed for optimum efficiency. Additionally, it describes the working process, how to improve efficiency, merits and demerits, applications, and concludes that ball mills are widely used in pharmaceutical industries for grinding processes.

1. Ball MillBall Mill
Presented By
NAMENAME REGISTRATION NNUMBERREGISTRATION NNUMBER ROLL NUMBERROLL NUMBER
• DEBOLINA SAHADEBOLINA SAHA 171860210027171860210027 1860191711218601917112
• DEBOJYOTI GANGULYDEBOJYOTI GANGULY 171860210026171860210026 1860191711318601917113
B.PHarM 3B.PHarM 3rdrd
seMester (2017-2021)seMester (2017-2021)
 GUrUnanaK institUte OF PHarMaCeUtiCalGUrUnanaK institUte OF PHarMaCeUtiCal
sCienCesCienCe
and teCHnOlOGyand teCHnOlOGy

2. COntent

3. BALL MILLBALL MILL
• Ball mill is a grinder
used to grind and
blend. Ball mill is an
ancient idea.
• It is reported to have
been used for
grinding flint for
pottery in 1870. Fig: Ball mill

4. ConstructionConstruction
BasiC Parts:BasiC Parts:
1.HOllOw Cylinder1.HOllOw Cylinder
 Made with metal, porcelain
,rubber
 Diameter 1-3 m and 4.5 m in
length.
2.Balls.Balls
 Occupy 30-50% of the cylinder
 Diameter range between 2-15 cm
 Made up of metal, porcelain or
pebbles • Fig: Schematic diagram of
ball mill

5. The principle of the operationThe principle of the operation
• IMPACTIMPACT: Occurs due to
corrosion between
rapidly moving balls and
the powder material.
• ATTRITIONATTRITION: Occurs due
to corrosion between
both of particles and
ball with surface of the
mill.
 Fig: Mechanism of ball mill
• Black ball presents ball
• Blue particles describes particles

6. Theory of Ball MillTheory of Ball Mill
• Mechanism: Impact &AttritionMechanism: Impact &Attrition
• For optimum efficiency of ball mill critical speed is maintained.For optimum efficiency of ball mill critical speed is maintained.
• Where, R=Radius of hollow cylinderWhere, R=Radius of hollow cylinder
r=Average radius of ballr=Average radius of ball
g=gravitational forceg=gravitational force
• Grinding efficiency= {(x-y)/x}*100Grinding efficiency= {(x-y)/x}*100 Fig: theory of ball millFig: theory of ball mill
• x=amount of the material by a sieve before grinding.x=amount of the material by a sieve before grinding.
• Y=amount of material remain in the same sieve after grindingY=amount of material remain in the same sieve after grinding

7. Working Process of Ball MillWorking Process of Ball Mill
• Larger particles are fed through the cylinder and closed.Larger particles are fed through the cylinder and closed.
 The steps involved in the working process are:The steps involved in the working process are:
1)1) Initial stageInitial stage:: The powder particle are get flattenedThe powder particle are get flattened
by the collision of the ballby the collision of the ball..
2)2)Intermediate stageIntermediate stage :: Significant changes ofSignificant changes of
particle shapeparticle shape
3)3)Final stageFinal stage:: Reduction in particle sizeReduction in particle size
4)4)Completion stageCompletion stage:: The powder particle possessesThe powder particle possesses
and extremely deformed meta stable structure.and extremely deformed meta stable structure.

8. WorkingWorking Process of Ball MillProcess of Ball Mill
Fig: Working process of ball mill
(a) ,(b):movement of ball mill
(c)critical speed is shown by the arrow

9. How to Improve Efficiency of Ball Mill?How to Improve Efficiency of Ball Mill?
 By monitoring minimum one three fill level.By monitoring minimum one three fill level.
 By controlling the operation speed.By controlling the operation speed.
 Feed material to grinding media ratio.Feed material to grinding media ratio.
 By choosing suitable grinding media.By choosing suitable grinding media.
 Size and shape of grinding mediaSize and shape of grinding media
 Mixing ratio of various size of grinding mediaMixing ratio of various size of grinding media

10. Merits and DemeritsMerits and Demerits
AdvantagesAdvantages
• Installation, operation and laborInstallation, operation and labor
costs is low.costs is low.
• Produces very fine powderProduces very fine powder
• Suitable for materials of allSuitable for materials of all
degree of hardness.degree of hardness.
• Completely enclosed form whichCompletely enclosed form which
is suitable for toxic materials.is suitable for toxic materials.
• Used both of dry or wetUsed both of dry or wet
materials.materials.
• Wet milling is suitable forWet milling is suitable for
preparation of suspension.preparation of suspension.
• Suitable for both batch andSuitable for both batch and
continuous operation.continuous operation.
DisadvantagesDisadvantages
• Consumes more power.Consumes more power.
• It is very noisy machine.It is very noisy machine.
• Soft and sticky material canSoft and sticky material can
cause problems bycause problems by
formation of cake insideformation of cake inside
the mill.the mill.
• Wear occurs from the ballsWear occurs from the balls
and from casing ,causingand from casing ,causing
,contamination of the,contamination of the
product.product.

11. ApplicAtion of BAllApplicAtion of BAll
MillMill
 It produces very fine powder.It produces very fine powder.
 Used for grinding of wettingUsed for grinding of wetting
and drying powder.and drying powder.
 Smaller ball mills used forSmaller ball mills used for
grinding of drugs orgrinding of drugs or
excipients.excipients.
 It is used for preparation ofIt is used for preparation of
suspension.suspension.
 For grinding of toxic material.For grinding of toxic material.
 All types of hard ,abrasive andAll types of hard ,abrasive and
brittle materials are grindedbrittle materials are grinded
by it.by it.
 Gypsum grinding.Gypsum grinding.
• fig: BAll Mill infig: BAll Mill in
cerAMic industrycerAMic industry

12. conclusionconclusion
The experiment is widely used inThe experiment is widely used in
pharmaceutical industry for preparation ofpharmaceutical industry for preparation of
various types of dosage form and grindingvarious types of dosage form and grinding
process. Not only pharmaceutical industryprocess. Not only pharmaceutical industry
but also this equipment is used in many foodbut also this equipment is used in many food
and beverage industry. This process isand beverage industry. This process is
mostly significant to get the desired goodmostly significant to get the desired good
end product.end product.

13. REFERENCES
 Introduction to chemical engineering-Walter LIntroduction to chemical engineering-Walter L
Badger &Julius Banchero,4Badger &Julius Banchero,4thth
edition ,(pgedition ,(pg
no:83)no:83)
 Remington practice of pharmacy-MartinRemington practice of pharmacy-Martin
 Unit operation of chemical engineering-Unit operation of chemical engineering-
Mcabe Smith,6Mcabe Smith,6thth
edition, (pg no:141)edition, (pg no:141)
 Lachman/Liberman’s “The Theory andLachman/Liberman’s “The Theory and
Practice of Industrial Pharmacy, 4Practice of Industrial Pharmacy, 4thth
Edition” (pgEdition” (pg
no:51)no:51)