2. f-B -B
M( f )
2
SSB-SC: Principle (1)
Either USB or LSB is transmitted
Required BW: B Hz
Spectral efficiency (SE) is improved by 100%
Transmitter Side:
(Frequency Domain)
ffc- fc
- fc
f- fc
fc
ffc- fc
3. 3
SSB-SC: Principle (2)
Can be detected coherently
Receiver Side (Frequency Domain):
After the multiplication by the carrier
f
f2fc-2fc
fc-fc
f
4. 4
SSB: Time Domain Representation (1)
Hilbert Transform:
t
txd
t
x
txHtxh
1
*
1
fXfHffjXfXh sgn
0,.1
0,.1
sgn
2
2
fej
fej
fjfH
j
j
Thus, a Hilbert transformer is an ideal phase shifter that shifts the phase of every spectral
component by -π/2
Difficult to achieve such sharp change in phase response
fj
t
sgn1
Thus,
f
θh (f)
f
|H (f)|
5. 5
SSB: Time Domain Representation (2)
fjMfM
ffMfufMfM
h
2
1
sgn1
2
1
fjMfM
ffMfufMfM
h
2
1
sgn1
2
1
SSB:
M (f)
M+ (f)
M_ (f)
f
f
f
B
-B
-B
B
ffjMfMNote h sgn:
7. 7
Generation of SSB-SC
Generation of SSB-SC:
1. Phase-shift method: requires ideal Hilbert phase shifter
2. Selective filtering method (most commonly used): First, DSB-SC signal is
generated and then passed through a band pass filter for selecting the desired
band. Requires ideal filter or null around DC.
3. Weaver method: Uses two stages of modulation (SSB using selective filtering)
– first using a smaller carrier frequency fc1 and then again using a higher carrier
frequency fc. Thus achieves a gap of 2fc1 for second stage selective filtering.
8. 8
SSB-SC: Detection
c
ttmttmtm
tttmttmtt
chc
cchccSSB
2carrierwithsignalSCSSB
2sin2cos
cos2sincoscos2
Demodulation using a coherent detector:
An LPF will suppress unwanted SSB terms and produce m(t)
Any of the synchronous DSB-SC demodulators can be used for demodulating
SSB-SC signal
9. 9
Comparison between AM, DSB-SC and SSB-SC
AM (DSB-WC) DSB-SC SSB-SC
Modulation Simple Simple Costly and Complex
(difficult to generate)
Demodulation Both envelope
detection and
coherent
detection
Coherent detection
=> Costly and
complex
Coherent detection
=> Costly and complex
Power Efficiency Max 33 %
=> Inefficient
Better
=> Efficient
Better
=> Efficient
Bandwidth (BW)
Requirement
Twice the signal
BW
=> Inefficient
Twice the signal
BW
=> Inefficient
Equal to the signal BW
=> Efficient
13. 13
QAM: Principle
SSB signals are difficult to generate
QAM is an attractive alternative to SSB
Two base band signals, each of bandwidth B Hz, are sent over the same band of
bandwidth 2B Hz (Modulation: DSB –SC)
The two carriers are of the same frequency with a phase difference of π/2
QAM is also known as quadrature multiplexing (QM)
Synchronous
detector
15. 15
QAM: Detection (2)
Impact of loss of synchronization
Loss of power
interference
Output of the I-channel
Q. Derive the output of the quadrature (Q) channel.
17. 17
VSB (1): Principle
SSB signals are difficult to generate and DSB requires twice the signal bandwidth
VSB is a compromise between DSB and SSB
VSB inherits the advantages of DSB and SSB, but avoids their disadvantages at a small cost
Bandwidth of VSB is little (typically 25%) greater than SSB
VSB is also known as asymmetric sideband system
19. fHi
cici ffHffH
19
VSB (3): Example
The carrier frequency is 20 kHz. Baseband signal bandwidth is 6 kHz. Hi(f) is
shown if fig (a). Determine H0(f).
Solution:
fHo
20. 20
VSB Application: Broadcast Television
Video signal:
large bandwidth (4.5 MHz) – DSB requires 9 MHz
contains significant low-frequency component – SSB is not feasible
The demodulation of the TV signal must be simple and cost effective – envelope detector is
preferred
So, VSB modulation with the carrier is chosen for TV broadcast
DSB Spectrum
Transmitted
Spectrum