This document describes a simplified SPICE model for simulating a DC motor. It includes 10 sections that describe: 1) the benefits of the model, 2) the model features, 3) how to set the model parameters, 4) an example motor specification, 5) simulating start up at normal load, 6) simulating start up at half load, 7) how the inductance parameter affects the model, 8) an application example, 9) how the inductance parameter affects the model, and 10) how the resistance parameter affects the model. The document provides information to help users set up and run simulations of a DC motor using the simplified SPICE model.
Its looks like a letter Z due to symmetrical switching characteristics for each polarity of the applied voltage. ... This means that, unlike the triac and the SCR, the disc cannot be estimated to maintain a low voltage drop until its current falls below the level of holding current. A triac is a 4-layer semiconductor device with two power terminals (MT1 and MT2) and a gate terminal. It is used as a power control device for 50/60Hz AC mains applications. It is placed in series with the load connected across the mains. ... A disc is a similar 4-layer device but does not have a gate terminal.
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Its looks like a letter Z due to symmetrical switching characteristics for each polarity of the applied voltage. ... This means that, unlike the triac and the SCR, the disc cannot be estimated to maintain a low voltage drop until its current falls below the level of holding current. A triac is a 4-layer semiconductor device with two power terminals (MT1 and MT2) and a gate terminal. It is used as a power control device for 50/60Hz AC mains applications. It is placed in series with the load connected across the mains. ... A disc is a similar 4-layer device but does not have a gate terminal.
http://bit.ly/2PIOIQM
This manual consists of some important experiments of ac electrical machines.This is prepared by satish babu and lokesh.They are working as staff in usha rama college,telaprolu.
A gate turn-off thyristor is a special type of thyristor, which is a high-power semiconductor device. It was invented by General Electric. GTOs, as opposed to normal thyristors, are fully controllable switches that can be turned on and off by their third lead, the gate lead. http://bit.ly/2PIOIQM
Silicon Controlled Rectifier (SCR) is a unidirectional semiconductor device made of silicon.SCR is a three-terminal, four-layer semiconductor device consisting of alternate layers of p-type and n-type material.
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2. Contents
1. Benefit of the Model
2. Model Feature
3. Parameter Settings
4. D.C. Motor Specification (Example)
5. Motor Start Up Simulation at Normal Load
6. Motor Start Up Simulation at Half of Normal Load
7. Lj of the Motor Model (1/2)
8. Application Example
9. Winding Characteristic Parameters: Lm
10.Winding Characteristic Parameters: Rm
Simulation Index
All Rights Reserved Copyright (C) Bee Technologies Corporation 2013 2
3. 1. Benefit of the Model
• The model enables circuit designer to use D.C. Motor as load in
their design which include: Back EMF, Torque(Nm) and Speed
(rpm) characteristics.
• The model can be easily adjusted to your own D.C. Motor
specifications by editing a few parameters that are provided in the
spec-sheet.
All Rights Reserved Copyright (C) Bee Technologies Corporation 2013 3
4. 2. Model Feature
1 H1
TRQ
+
- 1
H
RM L1
{Rm} 100m
0
LM
2 E_EMF
{Lm}
N4 EMF
IN+ OUT+
OUT+ IN+ IN- OUT-
H2 Rdmy
OUT- IN- EVALUE
+
- GRB
2 H GVALUE
0 0
Equivalent circuit of the D.C. Motor model
• This D.C. Motor Simplified SPICE Model is for users who require the model
of D.C. Motor as a part of their system.
• Perform electrical (voltage and current) and mechanical (speed and torque)
characteristics at current load (Ampere) conditions.
All Rights Reserved Copyright (C) Bee Technologies Corporation 2013 4
5. 3. Parameter Settings
D.C. Motor model and Parameters with Default Value Model Parameters:
If there is no measurement data, the default value will be used:
Rm: motor winding resistance []
Lm: motor winding inductance [H]
Data is given by D.C. motor spec-sheet:
V_norm: normal voltage [V]
mNm: normal load [mNm]
kRPM_norm: speed at normal load [kr/min]
I_norm: current at normal load [A]
Load Condition:
IL: load current [A]
All Rights Reserved Copyright (C) Bee Technologies Corporation 2013 5
6. 4. D.C. Motor Specification (Example)
D.C. Motor Specification
Parameters are input
All Rights Reserved Copyright (C) Bee Technologies Corporation 2013 6
7. 5. Motor Start Up Simulation at Normal Load (1/2)
Simulation Circuit and Setting
Input the Supply No
Load Voltage* and
Series Resistance
Simplified D.C. Motor with
RS-540SH Spec.
Current Sensing
Load Condition IL=I_norm
*No Load Voltage is adjusted until the D.C. motor voltage (VM) equals to the normal voltage (7.2V).
*Analysis directives:
.TRAN 0 400m 0 0.1m
.PROBE V(*) I(*) W(alias(*)) D(alias(*)) NOISE(alias(*))
All Rights Reserved Copyright (C) Bee Technologies Corporation 2013 7
8. 5. Motor Start Up Simulation at Normal Load (2/2)
Torque Load= 19.6mNm
D.C. Motor Speed = 14.4krpm
D.C. Motor Voltage = 7.2V
D.C. Motor Current = 6.1A
All Rights Reserved Copyright (C) Bee Technologies Corporation 2013 8
9. 6. Motor Start Up Simulation at Half of Normal Load (1/2)
Simulation Circuit and Setting
Input the Supply No
Load Voltage* and
Series Resistance
Simplified D.C. Motor with
RS-540SH Spec.
Current Sensing
Load Condition IL=I_norm
*No Load Voltage is adjusted until the D.C. motor voltage (VM) equals to the normal voltage (7.2V).
*Analysis directives:
.TRAN 0 400m 0 0.1m
.PROBE V(*) I(*) W(alias(*)) D(alias(*)) NOISE(alias(*))
All Rights Reserved Copyright (C) Bee Technologies Corporation 2013 9
10. 6. Motor Start Up Simulation at Half of Normal Load (2/2)
Torque Load= 9.8mNm
D.C. Motor Speed = 18.4krpm
D.C. Motor Voltage = 8.725V
D.C. Motor Current = 3.05A
All Rights Reserved Copyright (C) Bee Technologies Corporation 2013 10
11. 7. Lj of the Motor Model (1/2)
Simulation Circuit and Setting
Input the Lj value or input
“{Lj}” for parametric sweep
*Analysis directives:
.TRAN 0 400m 0 0.1m
.STEP PARAM Lj LIST 100m, 200m
All Rights Reserved Copyright (C) Bee Technologies Corporation 2013 11
12. 7. Lj of the Motor Model (2/2)
The Motor Start-up Waveform is
changed by the Lj values.
Lj=200m
Torque Load= 19.6mNm
Lj=100m
D.C. Motor Speed = 14.4krpm
Lj=100m
Lj=200m
Lj=100m D.C. Motor Voltage = 7.2V
Lj=200m
Lj=200m
D.C. Motor Current = 6.1A
Lj=100m
All Rights Reserved Copyright (C) Bee Technologies Corporation 2013 12
13. 8. Application Example (1/3)
Simulation Circuit and Setting
VDD VCC VCC
Simplified D.C. Motor with
RS-380PH Spec at No load.
Vdd Vcc
15V 15V
U2
SMPL_DC_MOTOR
Rm = 0.576
0 0 D2 + Lm = 165u
D4001 - V_norm = 7.2
mNm = 9.8
kRPM_norm = 14.2
I_norm = 2.9
U1
IL = 0.6
R1 NC VCC VDD
1u
A NC RG No load IL=0.6
120 D3
V1 = 0 V1 K VO DGT10J321_s
V2 = 1.8 U3
TD = 0 NC GND GT10J321
TR = 10n
TF = 10n
PW = 199.99u TLP350
PER = 400u
0 0 0 0
All Rights Reserved Copyright (C) Bee Technologies Corporation 2013 13
14. 8. Application Example (2/3)
Measurement Simulation
14A 20V
1 2
12A 10V
10A 0V
Motor Voltage (10V/Div)
8A -10V
6A -20V
Motor Current (2A/Div)
4A -30V
2A -40V
0A -50V
>>
-2A -60V
-100ms 0s 100ms 300ms 500ms 700ms 900ms
1 I(U2:1) 2 V(U2:1,U2:2)
Time
All Rights Reserved Copyright (C) Bee Technologies Corporation 2013 14
16. 9. Winding Characteristic Parameters: Lm
Winding Characteristic:2 Lm
1
14A 50V
3
20V
U2
SMPL_DC_MOTOR
12A 40V 10V
Rm = 0.576
+ Lm = 165u
- V_norm = 7.2 Motor Spec.
10A 30V 0V
mNm = 9.8
kRPM_norm = 14.2 Lm=100u
8A 20V -10V
I_norm = 2.9
Lm=165u
IL = 0.6 6A 10V -20V
Load Condition
4A 0V -30V
Lm=100u
The Motor Current Waveform is 2A -10V -40V
changed by the Lm values. Lm=165u
0A -20V -50V
>>
-2A -30V -60V
898.0ms 898.4ms 898.8ms 899.2ms 899.6ms
1 I(U3:C) 2 V(U3:C) 3 V(U3:G)
Time
All Rights Reserved Copyright (C) Bee Technologies Corporation 2013 16
17. 10. Winding Characteristic Parameters: Rm
Winding Characteristic: Rm
U2
SMPL_DC_MOTOR
Rm = 0.576
+ Lm = 165u
- V_norm = 7.2 Motor Spec. Rm=0.1
mNm = 9.8
kRPM_norm = 14.2
I_norm = 2.9
IL = 0.6
Load Condition
Rm=0.576
The Motor Start-up is Current
changed by the Rm values.
All Rights Reserved Copyright (C) Bee Technologies Corporation 2013 17
18. Simulation Index
Simulations Folder name
1. Motor Start Up Simulation at Normal Load................... Normal
2. Motor Start Up Simulation at Haft of Normal Load........ Half
3. Lj of the Motor Model.................................................... Lj
All Rights Reserved Copyright (C) Bee Technologies Corporation 2013 18