Poster by Natalie Carter, Cate Dewey, Delia Grace and Kees de Lange presented at the 24th International Pig Veterinary Society Congress, Dublin, Ireland, 7–10 June 2016.
Comparative Study of Feeding Different Levels of Black Cumin (Nigella sativa)...BRNSS Publication Hub
The present work was aimed to determine the comparative effect of feeding different levels of black cumin
on growth, feed consumption, and feed efficiency of COBB-500 broiler. Three hundred and twenty, daysold straight run COBB-500 chicks from a lot of the same hatch were brooded in an electrically operated
battery brooder for a period of 7 days, where pre-experimental diet was offered. On the 8th day, chicks
having uniform body weight were randomly allocated into four dietary treatments with four replications
(20 chicks in each). The isoproteinous and isocaloric formulated standard starter (1–10 days), grower
(11–20 days), and finisher (21–42 days) diets were supplemented with different levels of black cumin of
T1 – control, T2 – 0.25% black cumin, T3 – 0.5% black cumin, and T4 – 0.75% black cumin, respectively.
The chicks were offered ad libitum treatment diets and clean drinking water. The desired data were
recorded weekly, which included live weight, weight gain, feed consumption, and feed efficiency of
broiler birds. The obtained data were subjected to statistical analysis under completely randomized design
as per the methods of MSTAT. Final live weight of the birds was found highly significant (P < 0.01) for
all treatment groups. Highest final weight gain (2244.59 g) was found in birds fed ration supplemented
with 0.5% black cumin. Daily live weight of the birds was also found highly significant (P < 0.01) for all
treatment groups. Highest daily live weight gain (60.27 g) was found in birds fed ration supplemented
with 0.5% black cumin. Supplementation of black cumin in the broiler rations did not exhibit any
significant effect (P > 0.05) on the total feed consumption. Feed conversion ratio was found significantly
different (P < 0.01) for all treatment groups. It is, therefore, concluded that inclusion of black cumin in
the broiler rations could be economical and efficient production of broilers
Poultry feed is food for farm birds like chickens, ducks and geese. It needs to be a balanced diet that meets their nutritional requirements. Small-scale farmers usually feed single diets while larger operations use fully formulated multi-phase diets. Feeding methods include single diets in starter, grower and finisher phases; choice feeding with compound diet and grain; and free-choice with multiple ingredients in separate feeders. Proper feeding involves providing the right feed at the appropriate times, maintaining clean feed and water, and ensuring adequate consumption and growth.
This document discusses many factors that can affect feed intake in poultry, including management and environmental factors, feed and water factors, and physical body factors of the birds. Management factors like flock size, stocking rate, temperature, and lighting can all impact feed intake and efficiency. Feed-related factors such as the physical form of feed, feed flavor, and anti-nutritional factors also influence intake. Physical characteristics of the birds' bodies, including gastrointestinal tract size, taste buds, genes and hormones, and feather cover are correlated with feed consumption levels as well. The document provides examples and studies demonstrating the effects of these various factors.
This document provides an overview of global poultry production trends. It notes that poultry meat and egg production have increased the most compared to other animal sectors. Poultry is well positioned to meet growing global demand for protein as the world's population increases. Key factors that will influence future poultry production include population growth and urbanization, especially in developing countries, as well as concerns about food safety and nutrition. Poultry production systems have improved efficiency and will continue playing an important role in global food security.
This document summarizes a study on introducing Kuroiler chickens to rural households in Uganda to improve nutrition and incomes. A pilot trial found that under village scavenging conditions, Kuroiler chickens outperformed indigenous chickens, with higher growth rates, meat yields, and egg production. Farmers also preferred the taste and size of Kuroiler eggs and meat. Based on these results, a sponsored Kuroiler project aims to distribute the chickens to 100,000 rural families in Uganda to help reduce poverty and malnutrition through increased poultry production. The project estimates that Kuroiler flocks could generate substantially higher incomes than indigenous flocks from additional meat, eggs and spent hens sold.
The document discusses different systems for feeding poultry, including ad libitum feeding (free choice feeding), controlled feeding such as forced feeding, restricted feeding, and phase feeding. Restricted feeding involves limiting the amount of feed given to birds below their normal intake in order to control body weight and delay sexual maturity. Phase feeding involves changing the protein level of the laying hen diet during different phases of egg production to match their nutrient requirements.
Comparative Study of Feeding Different Levels of Black Cumin (Nigella sativa)...BRNSS Publication Hub
The present work was aimed to determine the comparative effect of feeding different levels of black cumin
on growth, feed consumption, and feed efficiency of COBB-500 broiler. Three hundred and twenty, daysold straight run COBB-500 chicks from a lot of the same hatch were brooded in an electrically operated
battery brooder for a period of 7 days, where pre-experimental diet was offered. On the 8th day, chicks
having uniform body weight were randomly allocated into four dietary treatments with four replications
(20 chicks in each). The isoproteinous and isocaloric formulated standard starter (1–10 days), grower
(11–20 days), and finisher (21–42 days) diets were supplemented with different levels of black cumin of
T1 – control, T2 – 0.25% black cumin, T3 – 0.5% black cumin, and T4 – 0.75% black cumin, respectively.
The chicks were offered ad libitum treatment diets and clean drinking water. The desired data were
recorded weekly, which included live weight, weight gain, feed consumption, and feed efficiency of
broiler birds. The obtained data were subjected to statistical analysis under completely randomized design
as per the methods of MSTAT. Final live weight of the birds was found highly significant (P < 0.01) for
all treatment groups. Highest final weight gain (2244.59 g) was found in birds fed ration supplemented
with 0.5% black cumin. Daily live weight of the birds was also found highly significant (P < 0.01) for all
treatment groups. Highest daily live weight gain (60.27 g) was found in birds fed ration supplemented
with 0.5% black cumin. Supplementation of black cumin in the broiler rations did not exhibit any
significant effect (P > 0.05) on the total feed consumption. Feed conversion ratio was found significantly
different (P < 0.01) for all treatment groups. It is, therefore, concluded that inclusion of black cumin in
the broiler rations could be economical and efficient production of broilers
Poultry feed is food for farm birds like chickens, ducks and geese. It needs to be a balanced diet that meets their nutritional requirements. Small-scale farmers usually feed single diets while larger operations use fully formulated multi-phase diets. Feeding methods include single diets in starter, grower and finisher phases; choice feeding with compound diet and grain; and free-choice with multiple ingredients in separate feeders. Proper feeding involves providing the right feed at the appropriate times, maintaining clean feed and water, and ensuring adequate consumption and growth.
This document discusses many factors that can affect feed intake in poultry, including management and environmental factors, feed and water factors, and physical body factors of the birds. Management factors like flock size, stocking rate, temperature, and lighting can all impact feed intake and efficiency. Feed-related factors such as the physical form of feed, feed flavor, and anti-nutritional factors also influence intake. Physical characteristics of the birds' bodies, including gastrointestinal tract size, taste buds, genes and hormones, and feather cover are correlated with feed consumption levels as well. The document provides examples and studies demonstrating the effects of these various factors.
This document provides an overview of global poultry production trends. It notes that poultry meat and egg production have increased the most compared to other animal sectors. Poultry is well positioned to meet growing global demand for protein as the world's population increases. Key factors that will influence future poultry production include population growth and urbanization, especially in developing countries, as well as concerns about food safety and nutrition. Poultry production systems have improved efficiency and will continue playing an important role in global food security.
This document summarizes a study on introducing Kuroiler chickens to rural households in Uganda to improve nutrition and incomes. A pilot trial found that under village scavenging conditions, Kuroiler chickens outperformed indigenous chickens, with higher growth rates, meat yields, and egg production. Farmers also preferred the taste and size of Kuroiler eggs and meat. Based on these results, a sponsored Kuroiler project aims to distribute the chickens to 100,000 rural families in Uganda to help reduce poverty and malnutrition through increased poultry production. The project estimates that Kuroiler flocks could generate substantially higher incomes than indigenous flocks from additional meat, eggs and spent hens sold.
The document discusses different systems for feeding poultry, including ad libitum feeding (free choice feeding), controlled feeding such as forced feeding, restricted feeding, and phase feeding. Restricted feeding involves limiting the amount of feed given to birds below their normal intake in order to control body weight and delay sexual maturity. Phase feeding involves changing the protein level of the laying hen diet during different phases of egg production to match their nutrient requirements.
As work with the broiler has shown, brooding is a vital period for good overall results. Achieving good seven-day live weight will improve performance parameters such as final live weight and feed conversion as well as maintain a low overall mortality.To get the full potential out of broiler chickens it is important that the target weight at seven days
of age should be reached. As work with the Cobb 500 broiler has shown, brooding is a vital period for good overall results.
Achieving good seven-day live weight will improve performance parameters such as final live weight and feed conversion as well as maintain a low overall mortality.Several different parameters can be used to determine the quality of the chick at an early age such as live weight, growth, crop fill, body temperature, livability and mortality. Comparable parameter needs to be
objective, easy to perform, highly repeatable and inexpensive. Measuring live weight at day seven is a well-established and accepted way of assessing pre-placement management, brooding and chick quality.
The seven-day weight has significant impact on most important parameters such as performance, carcass and body composition. There is generally a peak in mortality at day three to four, most likely due to the absorption of the yolk sac in the intestine of chicks; if feed and water intake is not optimum, nonstarter/ cull chicks will add to the mortality that occurs a few days later.
Optimal nutrition management targets for the transition ewe: Lessons learned ...Grey Bruce Farmers Week
Richard Ehrhardt discusses optimal nutrition management for transition ewes. He outlines 3 critical stages - flushing, late pregnancy, and early lactation - where nutritional investment can improve productivity. Precise nutrition management during these stages allows for improved out of season conception, larger litter sizes, higher colostrum/milk production, and improved lamb survival and growth. Forage quality, determined by fiber digestibility, is key to maximizing intake and performance. Managing forage maturity through harvest timing is the most important factor controlling quality.
The document discusses the use of pre-starter diets for broiler chickens. It notes that while pre-starter diets are more digestible for neonatal chicks, they are also more expensive than starter diets. The study aims to determine the optimal duration of using pre-starter diets to increase broiler performance in a cost-effective manner. Specifically, it will compare broilers fed pre-starter diets for 5, 10, or 15 days to those fed only a starter diet in terms of growth, nutrient retention, and profitability. A trial will be conducted feeding 108 broiler chicks one of the four diet treatments to draw conclusions about whether using pre-starter diets is economically recommended.
Lupins are a high protein, high energy, nitrogen-fixing grain legume with a protein and oil composition that can effectively compete with imported soya as part of livestock and fish diets. As a result, lupins have considerable potential to provide a comparable UK-grown vegetable protein source for farmed animals and aquaculture, as well as providing other advantages as arable break crops. With the proposed CAP greening reforms and the requirements of the new Basic Payment Scheme in respect of Ecological Focus Areas, there has never been a better time to look at legumes in crop rotations and lupins in particular tick several boxes.
This document discusses strategies for improving whole farm forage utilization for sheep and goat production, including using annual forages. It notes that annual forages can fill deficits in perennial pasture production by extending the grazing season. Studies showed that annual forages like brassicas can produce high gains per acre for lambs as well as individual gains comparable to grain diets at lower costs. The document recommends including annual forages in crop rotations and as cover crops to improve forage quality and availability while providing benefits to soil and crops. Precise grazing management is key to optimizing animal performance on annual forage systems.
This document discusses poultry feeding, including facts to consider when formulating rations, nutrient requirements, and feeding practices for broilers and laying hens. Key points include that feed must contain all essential nutrients, requirements differ by age, and poultry depend on dietary sources of nutrients. Nutrient requirements discussed include energy, primarily from cereal grains and added fats; protein, using various plant and animal sources; and minerals like calcium, phosphorus, and salt. Vitamin supplementation is also generally required. Feeding practices for broilers involve starter, grower, and finisher rations, while laying hens have higher energy, protein, calcium and other nutrient needs to support egg production.
This document discusses the energy requirements and feeding practices for various poultry species. It begins by explaining that poultry rations are calculated based on metabolizable energy levels and that high energy cereal grains are the main energy sources. It then provides the metabolizable energy levels recommended for broiler starter, grower, and finisher rations. Subsequent sections provide information on the energy requirements and recommended feeding practices for laying hens, geese, ducks, turkeys, and Japanese quail.
Types and forms of feed and feeding methods in poultrySarangVajpeyee1
This document discusses different types of feed and feeding methods for poultry. It outlines eight main types of feed including broiler feed, layer feed, and breeder feed. These feeds vary based on the bird's life stage and purpose. The document also describes the forms feed can take such as mash, pellets, and crumbles, and how these differ in particle size and palatability. Finally, various feeding methods like whole grain, scratch grain, and mash methods are outlined.
This document discusses broiler nutrition management. It covers basic nutritional components including water, amino acids, energy, vitamins and minerals. It discusses factors that affect nutrient content in feed such as ingredient quality and feed form. It also discusses key factors in selecting optimal diets such as raw material costs and market requirements. The document outlines different feed forms and the benefits of pelleted feed. It provides details on protein, energy, and micronutrient requirements. It discusses phase feeding programs and different diet types based on production objectives. Feed testing and withdrawal are also covered. The document concludes with notes on supplementing whole wheat feeding for broilers.
This document discusses feeding practices for small ruminants like sheep and goats. It provides information on meeting the nutritional requirements of sheep at different life stages through creep feeding and supplemental feeding. It also discusses feeding practices during pregnancy and lactation. Recommended ration compositions are provided for different physiological stages. Feeding behaviors and dietary preferences of goats are also covered.
This document provides an overview of poultry nutrition and feeding. It discusses the commercial poultry production industry and factors that influence feed costs such as disease control and genetic improvement. It describes the general steps in poultry diet formulation and common feed ingredients such as corn, soybean meal, fish meal, and supplemental vitamins and minerals. The document also outlines the nutritional needs and common diet types for different stages of growth in chickens, turkeys, and laying hens including starter, broiler, growing, and laying diets.
Presented by Adugna Tolera at the Inception workshop for the ‘Fodder and feed in livestock value chains in Ethiopia’ project, ILRI, Addis Ababa, 21-22 February 2012
The document discusses developments in nutrient requirements of chickens over the past five decades. Genetic selection has contributed 85-90% of production improvements, while advances in nutrition have contributed 10-15%. Precise nutrient requirements depend on bird genetics, sex, production stage, and environmental factors. Requirements have been defined by several agencies and continue to be refined. Advances include defining requirements for individual amino acids using the ideal protein concept, determining digestible nutrient levels in feed ingredients, and formulating least-cost diets. Future areas of focus are feed additives, alternatives to antibiotic growth promoters, and improving nutrient utilization efficiency.
Nutrition for commercial broiler and layer productionEshamArman
This document discusses the nutrient requirements of poultry, specifically broilers and layers. It outlines the main nutrient components - protein, energy, vitamins, and minerals. For energy, it defines different measurements and sources. Protein requirements are provided for different life stages of broilers and layers, along with sources of protein. Mineral and vitamin requirements are also outlined for broilers and layers. Accurate nutrient levels must be provided at different growth stages for optimal production and health of poultry.
The document discusses keys to a successful total mixed ration (TMR) feeding program for dairy cows. It covers ration formulation, mixing the TMR, feeding the cows, and forage management. Proper formulation of rations balanced for cow nutrient requirements is essential. Accurate mixing and consistent delivery of the TMR each day is important to meet cow needs and maximize production and health. Good communication between technical experts and farm managers helps ensure the feeding program runs effectively.
This document provides information about an online course on organic chicken production. It discusses the modules in the course, including the fifth module on raising organic chickens. It provides an overview of Unit 1 which covers the introduction to organic chicken production. This unit will teach learners to identify the external parts of a chicken, classify chickens, describe the chicken life cycle, recognize healthy chicks and pullets, describe types of poultry houses, and explain housing requirements. The document outlines some of the topics that will be covered in this unit, such as the external parts of a chicken, classifications of chickens, the chicken life cycle, and qualities of a healthy stock.
Nutrition of the Contemporary Dairy Cow: Research into PracticeAHDB Dairy
This document summarizes key points from a presentation on dairy cow nutrition given by Liam Sinclair. It discusses trends in global milk production and projections that milk output will increase 29% by 2023. It also covers topics like the impact of high feed prices, optimal protein levels in cow diets, using alternative forages and by-product feeds, grazing strategies for high-yielding cows, and mineral supplementation. The presentation emphasizes improving dairy cow nutrition and production efficiency while reducing environmental impacts and ensuring animal health and welfare.
The document discusses the history and development of the poultry industry in Bangladesh over the past several decades. It notes that poultry plays a vital role in the country's economy and nutrition, involving 85% of rural people. While the industry started in a more organized way in the 1990s, various organizations helped develop the rural poultry model starting in the 1960s. Today there are over 100 hatcheries and the industry contributes to reducing malnutrition, poverty and empowering women. However, the industry faces challenges such as input price fluctuations and diseases that threaten growth.
Proceedings available at: http://www.extension.org/67602
Silage leachate is a high strength waste which contributes to surface and groundwater contamination of various pollutants from runoff, direct leaching through concrete storage structures, and infiltration of runoff. Feed storage is required for the majority of dairy operations in the country (which are expanding in size and fed storage requirements) leading to widespread potential contamination. Limited data on silage leachate quality and treatment has made management and regulation based solely on observation. This project investigated three bunker silage storage sites to assess the water quality characteristics of silage leachate and runoff from various feed sources and surrounding environmental factors. Surface samples were collected from feed storage structures and analyzed for numerous water quality parameters. Using collected hydrologic data, contaminant loading was analyzed for various storm events and assessed for first flush effects and potential to impact handling and treatment designs. Determination of first flush provides essential data for separation of waste streams (high and low strength) to ease management in terms of operation and cost, reduce loading to treatment systems, and reducing the overall environmental impact.
Evaluation of Feed Storage Runoff Water Quality and Recommendations on Collec...LPE Learning Center
The full proceedings paper is at: http://www.extension.org/72808
Silage storage is required for many livestock and poultry facilities to maintain their animals throughout the year. While feed storage is an asset which allows for year round animal production systems, they can pose negative environmental impacts due to silage leachate and runoff. Silage leachate and runoff have high levels of oxygen demand and nutrients (up to twice the strength of animal manure), as well as a low pH posing issues to surface waters when discharged. Although some research exists which shows the potency of silage leachate and runoff, little information is available to guide the design of collection, handling, and treatment facilities to minimize the impact to water quality. Detailed information to characterize the strength of the runoff through a storm is needed to develop collection systems which segregate runoff to the appropriate handling and treatment system based on the strength of the waste.
As work with the broiler has shown, brooding is a vital period for good overall results. Achieving good seven-day live weight will improve performance parameters such as final live weight and feed conversion as well as maintain a low overall mortality.To get the full potential out of broiler chickens it is important that the target weight at seven days
of age should be reached. As work with the Cobb 500 broiler has shown, brooding is a vital period for good overall results.
Achieving good seven-day live weight will improve performance parameters such as final live weight and feed conversion as well as maintain a low overall mortality.Several different parameters can be used to determine the quality of the chick at an early age such as live weight, growth, crop fill, body temperature, livability and mortality. Comparable parameter needs to be
objective, easy to perform, highly repeatable and inexpensive. Measuring live weight at day seven is a well-established and accepted way of assessing pre-placement management, brooding and chick quality.
The seven-day weight has significant impact on most important parameters such as performance, carcass and body composition. There is generally a peak in mortality at day three to four, most likely due to the absorption of the yolk sac in the intestine of chicks; if feed and water intake is not optimum, nonstarter/ cull chicks will add to the mortality that occurs a few days later.
Optimal nutrition management targets for the transition ewe: Lessons learned ...Grey Bruce Farmers Week
Richard Ehrhardt discusses optimal nutrition management for transition ewes. He outlines 3 critical stages - flushing, late pregnancy, and early lactation - where nutritional investment can improve productivity. Precise nutrition management during these stages allows for improved out of season conception, larger litter sizes, higher colostrum/milk production, and improved lamb survival and growth. Forage quality, determined by fiber digestibility, is key to maximizing intake and performance. Managing forage maturity through harvest timing is the most important factor controlling quality.
The document discusses the use of pre-starter diets for broiler chickens. It notes that while pre-starter diets are more digestible for neonatal chicks, they are also more expensive than starter diets. The study aims to determine the optimal duration of using pre-starter diets to increase broiler performance in a cost-effective manner. Specifically, it will compare broilers fed pre-starter diets for 5, 10, or 15 days to those fed only a starter diet in terms of growth, nutrient retention, and profitability. A trial will be conducted feeding 108 broiler chicks one of the four diet treatments to draw conclusions about whether using pre-starter diets is economically recommended.
Lupins are a high protein, high energy, nitrogen-fixing grain legume with a protein and oil composition that can effectively compete with imported soya as part of livestock and fish diets. As a result, lupins have considerable potential to provide a comparable UK-grown vegetable protein source for farmed animals and aquaculture, as well as providing other advantages as arable break crops. With the proposed CAP greening reforms and the requirements of the new Basic Payment Scheme in respect of Ecological Focus Areas, there has never been a better time to look at legumes in crop rotations and lupins in particular tick several boxes.
This document discusses strategies for improving whole farm forage utilization for sheep and goat production, including using annual forages. It notes that annual forages can fill deficits in perennial pasture production by extending the grazing season. Studies showed that annual forages like brassicas can produce high gains per acre for lambs as well as individual gains comparable to grain diets at lower costs. The document recommends including annual forages in crop rotations and as cover crops to improve forage quality and availability while providing benefits to soil and crops. Precise grazing management is key to optimizing animal performance on annual forage systems.
This document discusses poultry feeding, including facts to consider when formulating rations, nutrient requirements, and feeding practices for broilers and laying hens. Key points include that feed must contain all essential nutrients, requirements differ by age, and poultry depend on dietary sources of nutrients. Nutrient requirements discussed include energy, primarily from cereal grains and added fats; protein, using various plant and animal sources; and minerals like calcium, phosphorus, and salt. Vitamin supplementation is also generally required. Feeding practices for broilers involve starter, grower, and finisher rations, while laying hens have higher energy, protein, calcium and other nutrient needs to support egg production.
This document discusses the energy requirements and feeding practices for various poultry species. It begins by explaining that poultry rations are calculated based on metabolizable energy levels and that high energy cereal grains are the main energy sources. It then provides the metabolizable energy levels recommended for broiler starter, grower, and finisher rations. Subsequent sections provide information on the energy requirements and recommended feeding practices for laying hens, geese, ducks, turkeys, and Japanese quail.
Types and forms of feed and feeding methods in poultrySarangVajpeyee1
This document discusses different types of feed and feeding methods for poultry. It outlines eight main types of feed including broiler feed, layer feed, and breeder feed. These feeds vary based on the bird's life stage and purpose. The document also describes the forms feed can take such as mash, pellets, and crumbles, and how these differ in particle size and palatability. Finally, various feeding methods like whole grain, scratch grain, and mash methods are outlined.
This document discusses broiler nutrition management. It covers basic nutritional components including water, amino acids, energy, vitamins and minerals. It discusses factors that affect nutrient content in feed such as ingredient quality and feed form. It also discusses key factors in selecting optimal diets such as raw material costs and market requirements. The document outlines different feed forms and the benefits of pelleted feed. It provides details on protein, energy, and micronutrient requirements. It discusses phase feeding programs and different diet types based on production objectives. Feed testing and withdrawal are also covered. The document concludes with notes on supplementing whole wheat feeding for broilers.
This document discusses feeding practices for small ruminants like sheep and goats. It provides information on meeting the nutritional requirements of sheep at different life stages through creep feeding and supplemental feeding. It also discusses feeding practices during pregnancy and lactation. Recommended ration compositions are provided for different physiological stages. Feeding behaviors and dietary preferences of goats are also covered.
This document provides an overview of poultry nutrition and feeding. It discusses the commercial poultry production industry and factors that influence feed costs such as disease control and genetic improvement. It describes the general steps in poultry diet formulation and common feed ingredients such as corn, soybean meal, fish meal, and supplemental vitamins and minerals. The document also outlines the nutritional needs and common diet types for different stages of growth in chickens, turkeys, and laying hens including starter, broiler, growing, and laying diets.
Presented by Adugna Tolera at the Inception workshop for the ‘Fodder and feed in livestock value chains in Ethiopia’ project, ILRI, Addis Ababa, 21-22 February 2012
The document discusses developments in nutrient requirements of chickens over the past five decades. Genetic selection has contributed 85-90% of production improvements, while advances in nutrition have contributed 10-15%. Precise nutrient requirements depend on bird genetics, sex, production stage, and environmental factors. Requirements have been defined by several agencies and continue to be refined. Advances include defining requirements for individual amino acids using the ideal protein concept, determining digestible nutrient levels in feed ingredients, and formulating least-cost diets. Future areas of focus are feed additives, alternatives to antibiotic growth promoters, and improving nutrient utilization efficiency.
Nutrition for commercial broiler and layer productionEshamArman
This document discusses the nutrient requirements of poultry, specifically broilers and layers. It outlines the main nutrient components - protein, energy, vitamins, and minerals. For energy, it defines different measurements and sources. Protein requirements are provided for different life stages of broilers and layers, along with sources of protein. Mineral and vitamin requirements are also outlined for broilers and layers. Accurate nutrient levels must be provided at different growth stages for optimal production and health of poultry.
The document discusses keys to a successful total mixed ration (TMR) feeding program for dairy cows. It covers ration formulation, mixing the TMR, feeding the cows, and forage management. Proper formulation of rations balanced for cow nutrient requirements is essential. Accurate mixing and consistent delivery of the TMR each day is important to meet cow needs and maximize production and health. Good communication between technical experts and farm managers helps ensure the feeding program runs effectively.
This document provides information about an online course on organic chicken production. It discusses the modules in the course, including the fifth module on raising organic chickens. It provides an overview of Unit 1 which covers the introduction to organic chicken production. This unit will teach learners to identify the external parts of a chicken, classify chickens, describe the chicken life cycle, recognize healthy chicks and pullets, describe types of poultry houses, and explain housing requirements. The document outlines some of the topics that will be covered in this unit, such as the external parts of a chicken, classifications of chickens, the chicken life cycle, and qualities of a healthy stock.
Nutrition of the Contemporary Dairy Cow: Research into PracticeAHDB Dairy
This document summarizes key points from a presentation on dairy cow nutrition given by Liam Sinclair. It discusses trends in global milk production and projections that milk output will increase 29% by 2023. It also covers topics like the impact of high feed prices, optimal protein levels in cow diets, using alternative forages and by-product feeds, grazing strategies for high-yielding cows, and mineral supplementation. The presentation emphasizes improving dairy cow nutrition and production efficiency while reducing environmental impacts and ensuring animal health and welfare.
The document discusses the history and development of the poultry industry in Bangladesh over the past several decades. It notes that poultry plays a vital role in the country's economy and nutrition, involving 85% of rural people. While the industry started in a more organized way in the 1990s, various organizations helped develop the rural poultry model starting in the 1960s. Today there are over 100 hatcheries and the industry contributes to reducing malnutrition, poverty and empowering women. However, the industry faces challenges such as input price fluctuations and diseases that threaten growth.
Proceedings available at: http://www.extension.org/67602
Silage leachate is a high strength waste which contributes to surface and groundwater contamination of various pollutants from runoff, direct leaching through concrete storage structures, and infiltration of runoff. Feed storage is required for the majority of dairy operations in the country (which are expanding in size and fed storage requirements) leading to widespread potential contamination. Limited data on silage leachate quality and treatment has made management and regulation based solely on observation. This project investigated three bunker silage storage sites to assess the water quality characteristics of silage leachate and runoff from various feed sources and surrounding environmental factors. Surface samples were collected from feed storage structures and analyzed for numerous water quality parameters. Using collected hydrologic data, contaminant loading was analyzed for various storm events and assessed for first flush effects and potential to impact handling and treatment designs. Determination of first flush provides essential data for separation of waste streams (high and low strength) to ease management in terms of operation and cost, reduce loading to treatment systems, and reducing the overall environmental impact.
Evaluation of Feed Storage Runoff Water Quality and Recommendations on Collec...LPE Learning Center
The full proceedings paper is at: http://www.extension.org/72808
Silage storage is required for many livestock and poultry facilities to maintain their animals throughout the year. While feed storage is an asset which allows for year round animal production systems, they can pose negative environmental impacts due to silage leachate and runoff. Silage leachate and runoff have high levels of oxygen demand and nutrients (up to twice the strength of animal manure), as well as a low pH posing issues to surface waters when discharged. Although some research exists which shows the potency of silage leachate and runoff, little information is available to guide the design of collection, handling, and treatment facilities to minimize the impact to water quality. Detailed information to characterize the strength of the runoff through a storm is needed to develop collection systems which segregate runoff to the appropriate handling and treatment system based on the strength of the waste.
The document provides information on making quality hay and silage from grass to maximize returns from grasslands. It discusses that silage involves fermenting chopped grass into a stable lactic acid product stored anaerobically for years. Hay involves sun-drying grass to a moisture content below 15%. Crops suitable for each are discussed. The basic methods for making hay and silage are outlined, including important considerations like moisture levels and avoiding mold growth. Benefits of silage include less space needed for storage and a stable preserved feed source.
This document discusses mycotoxins, which are toxic secondary metabolites produced by fungi that can contaminate foods and animal feeds. It identifies several common mycotoxins (ochratoxin, T-2 toxin, fumonisin, deoxynivalenol, zearalenone) and the fungi that produce them (Aspergillus, Penicillium, Fusarium). The document then discusses the effects of mycotoxin consumption, including reduced feed intake, neurological, estrogenic, hepatotoxic and immunotoxic effects. It also discusses strategies to reduce mycotoxin absorption and experimental data on the effectiveness of feed additives to reduce aflatoxin M1 levels in milk.
Corn Silage Production (Animal Nutrition)Osama Zahid
This document provides information on producing corn silage, including guidelines for harvesting drought-stressed corn, nitrate concentrations, harvesting recommendations, storage, and hybrid types. It discusses harvesting corn for silage between 1/2 to 3/4 down the kernel when the moisture content is near 35%. Nitrate concentrations over 1.5% are toxic, and the ensiling process can decrease nitrates by 30-50%. Proper planting, fertility, and hybrid selection are outlined for optimal silage yields. Ongoing research is evaluating hybrid performance under different populations and nitrogen levels for no-till silage production.
Silage is fodder that is packed airtight to preserve its nutrients through fermentation. Useful bacteria convert starches to lactic acid, lowering the pH and preventing spoilage. The process involves harvesting fodder at 65-70% moisture, chopping, pressing, and storing it airtight to allow fermentation. This preserves fodder for animal feed year-round. Additives like urea or inoculants can boost silage's protein or improve fermentation, but good technique is most important for making quality silage.
Feeding decisions for the newly weaned pigs in East Africa are weight dependentILRI
Poster by Natalie Carter, Cate Dewey, Delia Grace and Kees de Lange presented at the 24th International Pig Veterinary Society Congress, Dublin, Ireland, 7–10 June 2016.
Feeding for low weigh backs in high-producing herdsFernando Diaz
This article discusses strategies for reducing feed costs through lowering feed weigh-backs in high-producing dairy herds. Feeding for low weigh-back rates of 2-3% can reduce costs but requires intensive management. Research shows milk production and intake are not affected with weigh-backs of 3-5%. The key is ensuring consistent feed availability through accurate TMR mixing and delivery, frequent push-ups, adjusting for dry matter in silage, and coordinating pen movements. Proper implementation of these feeding management practices allows herds to safely achieve low weigh-back targets and savings.
With the emerging concern on environmental cost more specifically greenhouse gas emission related with conventional livestock rearing for meat has come to a problematic situation. Therefore, animal scientists and human nutritionists collectively try to develop a new trend of rearing non-conventional livestock for meat purposes. Some of the non conventional species are already being exploited to commercial levels. This presentation attempts to discuss some key points about non conventional livestock in a brief and simple manner.
Livestock-derived foods and the first 1000 days: The essential role of livest...ILRI
Presentation by Boitshepo Giyose, Klaus Kraemer, Lora Iannotti, Maya Stewart, Osman Dar and Silvia Alonso at a side event at the 45th session of the United Nations Committee on World Food Security, Rome, Italy, 15–19 October 2018.
Pig farmers, pig eaters? Characterizing household and child feeding practices...ILRI
Poster by Silvia Alonso, Edwin Kang'ethe, Kristina Roesel, Nicholas Ngwili, Emmanuel Muunda and Delia Grace presented at the 2nd annual Agriculture, Nutrition and Health (ANH) Academy Week, Kathmandu, Nepal, 9–13 July 2017.
This study investigated the effects of incorporating soybean milk residue at levels of 0%, 5%, 10%, 15%, and 20% in diets for growing rabbits. Results showed that nutrient digestibility and visceral organ weights were generally not significantly affected by dietary soybean milk residue levels up to 20%. Specifically, feed digestibility and nutrient utilization were not significantly different across treatments. While heart and kidney weights differed significantly, liver, spleen, and lung weights did not. It was concluded that soybean milk residue can be included in growing rabbit diets up to 20% without negatively impacting nutrient digestion or visceral organ development.
Options for Improving rural poultry and pig productionafrica-rising
Poster prepared by Herbert Dei, Bright Amponsah, Goodman Sarfo and Asamoah Larbi for the Africa RISING Science for Impact Workshop, Dar es Salaam, 17-19 January 2017
This document describes a study that examined the impact of different crude protein levels in the diet on the growth of lambs. Fifteen male lambs were divided into three groups and fed diets with low (100g/kg), medium (130g/kg), or high (160g/kg) crude protein levels. During the first 6 weeks, lambs on the low and medium protein diets gained less weight than those on the high protein diet. For the rest of the trial period, lambs on the medium protein diet had the highest growth rate. Digestibility was similar for the medium and high protein diets and higher than the low protein diet. Results suggest that the optimum crude protein level for growing lambs is
Nutritional Strategies to Economize Cost of Production in Dairy AnimalsBrishketu Kumar
This document discusses strategies to economize the cost of dairy animal production through improved feeding practices. It discusses formulating least cost rations and total mixed rations to fully meet animal nutritional needs at lowest cost. Unconventional feeds like agro-industrial byproducts and hydroponic fodder can further reduce costs. Compound cattle feed, urea treatment of straw, complete feed blocks and urea molasses mineral blocks are also recommended. Feeding area specific mineral mixtures and processed feeds can optimize nutrition. Overall, the strategies aim to improve feed efficiency and lower feeding costs which are major expenses in dairy production.
Synergetic effect of cassava sievate soybean milk residue mixtures as replace...Alexander Decker
This study investigated replacing maize with cassava sievate/soybean milk residue mixtures in diets for growing rabbits over 56 days. Four diets were formulated with 0%, 25%, 50%, and 75% replacement. Replacing maize with the mixtures significantly improved final weight, daily weight gain, and reduced cost per kg weight gain compared to the control. The 50% replacement diet resulted in the lowest cost per kg gain without affecting digestibility, carcass characteristics, or health. Including the cassava/soybean mixtures can thus partially replace expensive maize in rabbit diets, enhancing growth and reducing production costs for farmers.
A study was carried out to evaluate the nutritive value and enzyme supplementation of different sources of energy in broiler diets on the growth performance and heamatological parameters of broiler chickens supplemented with Mazigrain® enzyme within the treated groups. Five isonitrogenous and isocaloric diets less (23.17 % CP; 2831 Kcal/ME and 21.73 % CP; 2929 Kcal/ME) for the broiler starter (0 - a month) and finisher phases (5–8 months) respectively were formulated. Diet 1(maize based diet) served in as the control while diets 2, 3, 4 and 5 were supplemented with sorghum, pearl millet, cassava and sweet potatoes based diets separately. A sum of 225 day-old NAPRI X broiler chicks were haphazardly distributed to the five treatments. Every treatment comprised of 45 broilers with three repeats of fifteen birds each in a Completely Randomized Design (CRD). The general linear model protocol of S.A.S. 9.0. was used to analyze the collected data. Among the dietary groups significant changes (P<0.05) was found utilizing a Tukey test. Enzyme along with various energy sources have noteworthy (P<0.05) changes on every one of the parameters (final weight, daily weight gain, feed conversion ratio, water intake, water to feed ratio and feed cost per kilogram weight gain) except for death rate at the starter phase. Broilers that had sorghum based diet had the best performance at starter stage (final weight; 627 g, weight gain; 576.85 g, feed cost/kg gain; ^ 187.95 k). At the finisher stage, sorghum supplemented with enzyme had the best feed conversion ratio (1.96) and feed cost/kg gain; ^ 171.15 k. The optimal performance characteristics were recorded for sorghum based diets. Feed cost / kg gain was the cheapest on birds fed sorghum based diet with enzyme supplementation which was comparable with those fed the maize based diet. However, the use of enzyme enhanced the performance of birds at both the starter and finisher phases.
A study was carried out to evaluate the nutritive value and enzyme
supplementation of different sources of energy in broiler diets on the growth
performance and heamatological parameters of broiler chickens supplemented with
Mazigrain® enzyme within the treated groups. Five isonitrogenous and isocaloric diets
less (23.17 % CP; 2831 Kcal/ME and 21.73 % CP; 2929 Kcal/ME) for the broiler starter
(0 - a month) and finisher phases (5–8 months) respectively were formulated. Diet 1
(maize based diet) served in as the control while diets 2, 3, 4 and 5 were
supplemented with sorghum, pearl millet, cassava and sweet potatoes based diets
separately. A sum of 225 day-old NAPRI X broiler chicks were haphazardly distributed
to the five treatments. Every treatment comprised of 45 broilers with three repeats of
fifteen birds each in a Completely Randomized Design (CRD). The general linear model
protocol of S.A.S. 9.0. was used to analyze the collected data. Among the dietary
groups significant changes (P<0.05) was found utilizing a Tukey test. Enzyme along
with various energy sources have noteworthy (P<0.05) changes on every one of the
parameters (final weight, daily weight gain, feed conversion ratio, water intake, water
to feed ratio and feed cost per kilogram weight gain) except for death rate at the
starter phase. Broilers that had sorghum based diet had the best performance at
starter stage (final weight; 627 g, weight gain; 576.85 g, feed cost/kg gain; ^ 187.95 k).
At the finisher stage, sorghum supplemented with enzyme had the best feed
conversion ratio (1.96) and feed cost/kg gain; ^ 171.15 k. The optimal performance
characteristics were recorded for sorghum based diets. Feed cost / kg gain was the
cheapest on birds fed sorghum based diet with enzyme supplementation which was
comparable with those fed the maize based diet. However, the use of enzyme
enhanced the performance of birds at both the starter and finisher phases.
This document provides information on feeding management of sheep and goats. It discusses the importance of feed costs in livestock production. Key points include feeding schedules for kids from birth to weaning based on milk, creep feed, and forage intake. It also outlines nutrition requirements and feeding practices for does based on their stage of production such as dry, breeding, gestation and lactation. Different feeding systems for goats like tethering, intensive and extensive systems are also summarized.
This document discusses feed formulation and feeding standards for ruminants like cows, buffaloes, goats, and sheep. It begins by defining key terms like dry matter, total digestible nutrients, and digestible crude protein. It then discusses feed formulation methods like Pearson Square and describes calculating nutrient requirements for different purposes like maintenance, milk production, reproduction, and growth. Feeding standards from different countries are classified by type. Nutrient requirements are provided for cattle, buffaloes, goats and sheep for various life stages and functions. The document concludes by providing examples of ration formulation based on animal nutrient requirements and feed nutrient values.
Effect of potato (Solanum tuberosum) meal on broiler productionNazmus Sakib
The study was conducted to find out the performance of broiler birds fed different levels of potato meal (PM). The levels of potato meal in the different treatment rations were control 0, 5, 10, and 15 g/kg, respectively. Dietary levels of PM did not affect live weight at 7, 21, 28, 35 and 42 days of age. However, live weight of broiler differed significantly (p<0.05)><0.05)>0.05) among different levels of PM in diet at 21, 28, 35, and 42 days of age. Feed conversion ratio (FCR) decreased between 7 and 14 days of age with the least conversion observed at 15 g/kg PM level. FCR didn’t differ significantly (p<0.05)><0.05). However, sale price (Taka/broiler) and sale price (Taka/kg broiler) were more or less similar in all treatments. Profit per broiler and per kg broiler were reduced as the PM level increased in the diet. It was therefore concluded that use of potato meal at 5 to 15g/kg diet may not be suitable for growth and profitability in broiler production.
Effect of Potato Meal on Broiler ProductionNazmus Sakib
The study was conducted to find out the performance of broiler birds fed different levels of potato meal (PM). The levels of potato meal in the different treatment rations were control 0, 5, 10, and 15 g/kg, respectively. Dietary levels of PM did not affect live weight at 7, 21, 28, 35 and 42 days of age. However, live weight of broiler differed significantly (p<0.05)><0.05)>0.05) among different levels of PM in diet at 21, 28, 35, and 42 days of age. Feed conversion ratio (FCR) decreased between 7 and 14 days of age with the least conversion observed at 15 g/kg PM level. FCR didn’t differ significantly (p<0.05)><0.05). However, sale price (Taka/broiler) and sale price (Taka/kg broiler) were more or less similar in all treatments. Profit per broiler and per kg broiler were reduced as the PM level increased in the diet. It was therefore concluded that use of potato meal at 5 to 15g/kg diet may not be suitable for growth and profitability in broiler production
Dr. Roger Cady - Sustainability Research Review: EnoughJohn Blue
Sustainability Research Review: Enough - Dr. Roger Cady, Sr. Technical Consultant, Global Sustainability Lead, Elanco, from the 2016 Global Roundtable for Sustainable Beef (GRSB), October 5 - 6, 2016, Banff, Alberta, Canada.
More presentations at http://trufflemedia.com/agmedia/conference/2016-global-roundtable-sustainable-beef
Small ruminant keepers’ knowledge, attitudes and practices towards peste des ...ILRI
Presentation by Guy Ilboudo, Abel Sènabgè Biguezoton, Cheick Abou Kounta Sidibé, Modou Moustapha Lo, Zoë Campbell and Michel Dione at the 6th Peste des Petits Ruminants Global Research and Expertise Networks (PPR-GREN) annual meeting, Bengaluru, India, 28–30 November 2023.
Small ruminant keepers’ knowledge, attitudes and practices towards peste des ...ILRI
Poster by Guy Ilboudo, Abel Sènabgè Biguezoton, Cheick Abou Kounta Sidibé, Modou Moustapha Lo, Zoë Campbell and Michel Dione presented at the 6th Peste des Petits Ruminants Global Research and Expertise Networks (PPR-GREN) annual meeting, Bengaluru, India, 29 November 2023.
A training, certification and marketing scheme for informal dairy vendors in ...ILRI
Presentation by Silvia Alonso, Jef L. Leroy, Emmanuel Muunda, Moira Donahue Angel, Emily Kilonzi, Giordano Palloni, Gideon Kiarie, Paula Dominguez-Salas and Delia Grace at the Micronutrient Forum 6th Global Conference, The Hague, Netherlands, 16 October 2023.
Milk safety and child nutrition impacts of the MoreMilk training, certificati...ILRI
Poster by Silvia Alonso, Emmanuel Muunda, Moira Donahue Angel, Emily Kilonzi, Giordano Palloni, Gideon Kiarie, Paula Dominguez-Salas, Delia Grace and Jef L. Leroy presented at the Micronutrient Forum 6th Global Conference, The Hague, Netherlands, 16 October 2023.
Preventing the next pandemic: a 12-slide primer on emerging zoonotic diseasesILRI
The document discusses the benefits of exercise for mental health. Regular physical activity can help reduce anxiety and depression and improve mood and cognitive functioning. Exercise causes chemical changes in the brain that may help boost feelings of calmness, happiness and focus.
Preventing preventable diseases: a 12-slide primer on foodborne diseaseILRI
The document discusses the benefits of exercise for mental health. Regular physical activity can help reduce anxiety and depression and improve mood and cognitive functioning. Exercise causes chemical changes in the brain that may help protect against mental illness and improve symptoms for those who already suffer from conditions like anxiety and depression.
Preventing a post-antibiotic era: a 12-slide primer on antimicrobial resistanceILRI
The document discusses the benefits of exercise for mental health. Regular physical activity can help reduce anxiety and depression and improve mood and cognitive functioning. Exercise boosts blood flow, releases endorphins, and promotes changes in the brain which help enhance one's emotional well-being and mental clarity.
Food safety research in low- and middle-income countriesILRI
Presentation by Hung Nguyen-Viet at the first technical meeting to launch the Food Safety Working Group under the One Health Partnership framework, Hanoi, Vietnam, 28 September 2023
The Food Safety Working Group (FSWG) in Vietnam was created in 2015 at the request of the Deputy Prime Minister to address food safety issues in the country. It brings together government agencies, ministries, and development partners to facilitate joint policy dialogue and improve food safety. Over eight years of operations led by different organizations, the FSWG has contributed to various initiatives. However, it faces challenges of diminished government participation over time and dependence on active members. Going forward, it will strengthen its operations by integrating under Vietnam's One Health Partnership framework to better engage stakeholders and achieve policy impacts.
Reservoirs of pathogenic Leptospira species in UgandaILRI
Presentation by Lordrick Alinaitwe, Martin Wainaina, Salome Dürr, Clovice Kankya, Velma Kivali, James Bugeza, Martin Richter, Kristina Roesel, Annie Cook and Anne Mayer-Scholl at the University of Bern Graduate School for Cellular and Biomedical Sciences Symposium, Bern, Switzerland, 29 June 2023.
Assessing meat microbiological safety and associated handling practices in bu...ILRI
Presentation by Patricia Koech, Winnie Ogutu, Linnet Ochieng, Delia Grace, George Gitao, Lily Bebora, Max Korir, Florence Mutua and Arshnee Moodley at the 8th All Africa Conference on Animal Agriculture, Gaborone, Botswana, 26–29 September 2023.
Ecological factors associated with abundance and distribution of mosquito vec...ILRI
Poster by Max Korir, Joel Lutomiah and Bernard Bett presented the 8th All Africa Conference on Animal Agriculture, Gaborone, Botswana, 26–29 September 2023.
Practices and drivers of antibiotic use in Kenyan smallholder dairy farmsILRI
Poster by Lydiah Kisoo, Dishon M. Muloi, Walter Oguta, Daisy Ronoh, Lynn Kirwa, James Akoko, Eric Fèvre, Arshnee Moodley and Lillian Wambua presented at Tropentag 2023, Berlin, Germany, 20–22 September 2023.
Remote Sensing and Computational, Evolutionary, Supercomputing, and Intellige...University of Maribor
Slides from talk:
Aleš Zamuda: Remote Sensing and Computational, Evolutionary, Supercomputing, and Intelligent Systems.
11th International Conference on Electrical, Electronics and Computer Engineering (IcETRAN), Niš, 3-6 June 2024
Inter-Society Networking Panel GRSS/MTT-S/CIS Panel Session: Promoting Connection and Cooperation
https://www.etran.rs/2024/en/home-english/
Phenomics assisted breeding in crop improvementIshaGoswami9
As the population is increasing and will reach about 9 billion upto 2050. Also due to climate change, it is difficult to meet the food requirement of such a large population. Facing the challenges presented by resource shortages, climate
change, and increasing global population, crop yield and quality need to be improved in a sustainable way over the coming decades. Genetic improvement by breeding is the best way to increase crop productivity. With the rapid progression of functional
genomics, an increasing number of crop genomes have been sequenced and dozens of genes influencing key agronomic traits have been identified. However, current genome sequence information has not been adequately exploited for understanding
the complex characteristics of multiple gene, owing to a lack of crop phenotypic data. Efficient, automatic, and accurate technologies and platforms that can capture phenotypic data that can
be linked to genomics information for crop improvement at all growth stages have become as important as genotyping. Thus,
high-throughput phenotyping has become the major bottleneck restricting crop breeding. Plant phenomics has been defined as the high-throughput, accurate acquisition and analysis of multi-dimensional phenotypes
during crop growing stages at the organism level, including the cell, tissue, organ, individual plant, plot, and field levels. With the rapid development of novel sensors, imaging technology,
and analysis methods, numerous infrastructure platforms have been developed for phenotyping.
ESPP presentation to EU Waste Water Network, 4th June 2024 “EU policies driving nutrient removal and recycling
and the revised UWWTD (Urban Waste Water Treatment Directive)”
The technology uses reclaimed CO₂ as the dyeing medium in a closed loop process. When pressurized, CO₂ becomes supercritical (SC-CO₂). In this state CO₂ has a very high solvent power, allowing the dye to dissolve easily.
Authoring a personal GPT for your research and practice: How we created the Q...Leonel Morgado
Thematic analysis in qualitative research is a time-consuming and systematic task, typically done using teams. Team members must ground their activities on common understandings of the major concepts underlying the thematic analysis, and define criteria for its development. However, conceptual misunderstandings, equivocations, and lack of adherence to criteria are challenges to the quality and speed of this process. Given the distributed and uncertain nature of this process, we wondered if the tasks in thematic analysis could be supported by readily available artificial intelligence chatbots. Our early efforts point to potential benefits: not just saving time in the coding process but better adherence to criteria and grounding, by increasing triangulation between humans and artificial intelligence. This tutorial will provide a description and demonstration of the process we followed, as two academic researchers, to develop a custom ChatGPT to assist with qualitative coding in the thematic data analysis process of immersive learning accounts in a survey of the academic literature: QUAL-E Immersive Learning Thematic Analysis Helper. In the hands-on time, participants will try out QUAL-E and develop their ideas for their own qualitative coding ChatGPT. Participants that have the paid ChatGPT Plus subscription can create a draft of their assistants. The organizers will provide course materials and slide deck that participants will be able to utilize to continue development of their custom GPT. The paid subscription to ChatGPT Plus is not required to participate in this workshop, just for trying out personal GPTs during it.
Current Ms word generated power point presentation covers major details about the micronuclei test. It's significance and assays to conduct it. It is used to detect the micronuclei formation inside the cells of nearly every multicellular organism. It's formation takes place during chromosomal sepration at metaphase.
The ability to recreate computational results with minimal effort and actionable metrics provides a solid foundation for scientific research and software development. When people can replicate an analysis at the touch of a button using open-source software, open data, and methods to assess and compare proposals, it significantly eases verification of results, engagement with a diverse range of contributors, and progress. However, we have yet to fully achieve this; there are still many sociotechnical frictions.
Inspired by David Donoho's vision, this talk aims to revisit the three crucial pillars of frictionless reproducibility (data sharing, code sharing, and competitive challenges) with the perspective of deep software variability.
Our observation is that multiple layers — hardware, operating systems, third-party libraries, software versions, input data, compile-time options, and parameters — are subject to variability that exacerbates frictions but is also essential for achieving robust, generalizable results and fostering innovation. I will first review the literature, providing evidence of how the complex variability interactions across these layers affect qualitative and quantitative software properties, thereby complicating the reproduction and replication of scientific studies in various fields.
I will then present some software engineering and AI techniques that can support the strategic exploration of variability spaces. These include the use of abstractions and models (e.g., feature models), sampling strategies (e.g., uniform, random), cost-effective measurements (e.g., incremental build of software configurations), and dimensionality reduction methods (e.g., transfer learning, feature selection, software debloating).
I will finally argue that deep variability is both the problem and solution of frictionless reproducibility, calling the software science community to develop new methods and tools to manage variability and foster reproducibility in software systems.
Exposé invité Journées Nationales du GDR GPL 2024
The debris of the ‘last major merger’ is dynamically youngSérgio Sacani
The Milky Way’s (MW) inner stellar halo contains an [Fe/H]-rich component with highly eccentric orbits, often referred to as the
‘last major merger.’ Hypotheses for the origin of this component include Gaia-Sausage/Enceladus (GSE), where the progenitor
collided with the MW proto-disc 8–11 Gyr ago, and the Virgo Radial Merger (VRM), where the progenitor collided with the
MW disc within the last 3 Gyr. These two scenarios make different predictions about observable structure in local phase space,
because the morphology of debris depends on how long it has had to phase mix. The recently identified phase-space folds in Gaia
DR3 have positive caustic velocities, making them fundamentally different than the phase-mixed chevrons found in simulations
at late times. Roughly 20 per cent of the stars in the prograde local stellar halo are associated with the observed caustics. Based
on a simple phase-mixing model, the observed number of caustics are consistent with a merger that occurred 1–2 Gyr ago.
We also compare the observed phase-space distribution to FIRE-2 Latte simulations of GSE-like mergers, using a quantitative
measurement of phase mixing (2D causticality). The observed local phase-space distribution best matches the simulated data
1–2 Gyr after collision, and certainly not later than 3 Gyr. This is further evidence that the progenitor of the ‘last major merger’
did not collide with the MW proto-disc at early times, as is thought for the GSE, but instead collided with the MW disc within
the last few Gyr, consistent with the body of work surrounding the VRM.
EWOCS-I: The catalog of X-ray sources in Westerlund 1 from the Extended Weste...Sérgio Sacani
Context. With a mass exceeding several 104 M⊙ and a rich and dense population of massive stars, supermassive young star clusters
represent the most massive star-forming environment that is dominated by the feedback from massive stars and gravitational interactions
among stars.
Aims. In this paper we present the Extended Westerlund 1 and 2 Open Clusters Survey (EWOCS) project, which aims to investigate
the influence of the starburst environment on the formation of stars and planets, and on the evolution of both low and high mass stars.
The primary targets of this project are Westerlund 1 and 2, the closest supermassive star clusters to the Sun.
Methods. The project is based primarily on recent observations conducted with the Chandra and JWST observatories. Specifically,
the Chandra survey of Westerlund 1 consists of 36 new ACIS-I observations, nearly co-pointed, for a total exposure time of 1 Msec.
Additionally, we included 8 archival Chandra/ACIS-S observations. This paper presents the resulting catalog of X-ray sources within
and around Westerlund 1. Sources were detected by combining various existing methods, and photon extraction and source validation
were carried out using the ACIS-Extract software.
Results. The EWOCS X-ray catalog comprises 5963 validated sources out of the 9420 initially provided to ACIS-Extract, reaching a
photon flux threshold of approximately 2 × 10−8 photons cm−2
s
−1
. The X-ray sources exhibit a highly concentrated spatial distribution,
with 1075 sources located within the central 1 arcmin. We have successfully detected X-ray emissions from 126 out of the 166 known
massive stars of the cluster, and we have collected over 71 000 photons from the magnetar CXO J164710.20-455217.
Describing and Interpreting an Immersive Learning Case with the Immersion Cub...Leonel Morgado
Current descriptions of immersive learning cases are often difficult or impossible to compare. This is due to a myriad of different options on what details to include, which aspects are relevant, and on the descriptive approaches employed. Also, these aspects often combine very specific details with more general guidelines or indicate intents and rationales without clarifying their implementation. In this paper we provide a method to describe immersive learning cases that is structured to enable comparisons, yet flexible enough to allow researchers and practitioners to decide which aspects to include. This method leverages a taxonomy that classifies educational aspects at three levels (uses, practices, and strategies) and then utilizes two frameworks, the Immersive Learning Brain and the Immersion Cube, to enable a structured description and interpretation of immersive learning cases. The method is then demonstrated on a published immersive learning case on training for wind turbine maintenance using virtual reality. Applying the method results in a structured artifact, the Immersive Learning Case Sheet, that tags the case with its proximal uses, practices, and strategies, and refines the free text case description to ensure that matching details are included. This contribution is thus a case description method in support of future comparative research of immersive learning cases. We then discuss how the resulting description and interpretation can be leveraged to change immersion learning cases, by enriching them (considering low-effort changes or additions) or innovating (exploring more challenging avenues of transformation). The method holds significant promise to support better-grounded research in immersive learning.
The use of Nauplii and metanauplii artemia in aquaculture (brine shrimp).pptxMAGOTI ERNEST
Although Artemia has been known to man for centuries, its use as a food for the culture of larval organisms apparently began only in the 1930s, when several investigators found that it made an excellent food for newly hatched fish larvae (Litvinenko et al., 2023). As aquaculture developed in the 1960s and ‘70s, the use of Artemia also became more widespread, due both to its convenience and to its nutritional value for larval organisms (Arenas-Pardo et al., 2024). The fact that Artemia dormant cysts can be stored for long periods in cans, and then used as an off-the-shelf food requiring only 24 h of incubation makes them the most convenient, least labor-intensive, live food available for aquaculture (Sorgeloos & Roubach, 2021). The nutritional value of Artemia, especially for marine organisms, is not constant, but varies both geographically and temporally. During the last decade, however, both the causes of Artemia nutritional variability and methods to improve poorquality Artemia have been identified (Loufi et al., 2024).
Brine shrimp (Artemia spp.) are used in marine aquaculture worldwide. Annually, more than 2,000 metric tons of dry cysts are used for cultivation of fish, crustacean, and shellfish larva. Brine shrimp are important to aquaculture because newly hatched brine shrimp nauplii (larvae) provide a food source for many fish fry (Mozanzadeh et al., 2021). Culture and harvesting of brine shrimp eggs represents another aspect of the aquaculture industry. Nauplii and metanauplii of Artemia, commonly known as brine shrimp, play a crucial role in aquaculture due to their nutritional value and suitability as live feed for many aquatic species, particularly in larval stages (Sorgeloos & Roubach, 2021).
The use of Nauplii and metanauplii artemia in aquaculture (brine shrimp).pptx
Silage- and forage-based diets compared to commercial diets in Ugandan pig growth
1. Silage- & forage-based diets compared to
commercial diets in Ugandan pig growth
Natalie Carter1, Cate Dewey*1, Delia Grace2, Kees de Lange3
Department of Population Medicine, University of Guelph, Canada 2. International Livestock Research
Institute, Kenya
3. Department of Animal Biosciences, University of Guelph
cdewey@uoguelph.ca
Background:
Smallholder pig farmers in east Africa report that feeding is
a key constraint to pig rearing because of high costs, poor
quality and/or lack of feed. Commercial diets are too
expensive and there is competition for food between pigs
and people. Diets fed to pigs are traditionally low in protein
and high in fibre thus leading to low Average Daily Gain
(ADG) (130 gms/day from weaning to 8 months of age). This
results in poor profits for farmers.
Objective:
To compare the ADG of Ugandan pigs fed forage- or silage-
based or commercial diets.
Materials and Methods:
Ugandan pigs purchased from local farms, and born within 3
days of one another were randomly assigned to one of three
diets (commercial, silage-based or forage-based). Three pigs
were in each pen. The silage and forage-based diets were
made from a combination of home-grown fresh feedstuffs,
agricultural co-products, and purchased feedstuffs. Pigs
were individually weighted every 3 weeks from 9 – 32 weeks
of age. ADG was compared among diets with linear
regression controlling for gender and pen.
Results:
Commercial ration provides the least cost gain for the newly
weaned pig (Table 1). ADG of pigs fed commercial diet was higher
than those fed forage- or silage-based diets between 9 – 24 weeks
of age (P<0.03). Between 28 and 32 weeks, pigs on the forage-
based diets had a lower ADG than those on other diets (P<0.001).
Silage is a good alternative to commercial ration for older pigs.
Feed cost of diet per Kg of weight gain (US dollars)
Age (days) Com FB buy
all
FB some
free
SB buy
all
SB some
free
65 0.97 5.17 2.48 4.55 2.11
107 1.29 2.29 1.10 1.98 0.92
146 2.91 1.30 0.62 1.39 0.65
199 3.04 1.59 0.76 1.51 0.70
Conclusions
Well-balanced cost effective diets are needed to improve pig
performance in east Africa. Fresh and ensiled locally available
feedstuffs can be used in diets that meet the nutrient
requirements of pigs. Commercial ration provides the least
cost per kg gain of the newly weaned pig. Some farmer grown
feedstuff (zero cost) are needed in order for smallholder pig
farmers in east Africa to realize profits and improve their lives.
Table 1
Commercial Forage-based Silage-based
Commercial
diet
Forage-based
diet
Silage-based
diet
Age
(days)
Starting
Wt (kg)
Mean
ADG
Starting
Wt (kg)
Mean
ADG
Starting
Wt (kg)
Mean
ADG
65 6.8 201 7.0 21 6.7 21
86 11.1 405 7.5 45 7.1 77
107 19.6 460 8.4 118 8.7 153
127 29.2 264 10.9 160 11.9 234
146 24.1 552 21.4 116 20.7 317
199 52.6 744 23.8 494 27.4 713
209 60 604 31.2 336 38.7 504
Table 2
Free-food included jackfruit, avocado and sweet potato
Purchased-food included dried fish, cottonseed meal, salt
Com = commercial; FB = forage-based; SB = silage-based