The shoulder joint, also known as the glenohumeral or scapulohumeral joint, is a ball and socket synovial joint that provides the most mobility of any joint in the body. This mobility comes at the cost of stability, which is provided by various stabilizing structures like muscles of the rotator cuff, ligaments like the capsular ligament, and the coracoacromial arch. The shoulder joint is prone to injuries like dislocations, frozen shoulder, rotator cuff tears, and subacromial bursitis due to its anatomical design with a shallow glenoid fossa and lax ligaments. Common approaches for accessing the shoulder joint include anterior, posterior, and

1. Shoulder Joint
SYNONYMNS
 GLENOHUMERAL JOINT
 SCAPULOHUMERAL JOINT

2. Shoulder Joint
Structurally :
Type: Synovial Joint
Sub Type: Ball and Socket variety
Functionally : Multiaxial
Most mobile joint of the body
The price of mobility is reduced
stability.
Over

3. Factors Stabilizing the Joint
Coracoacromial arch or Secondary
socket for head of humerus
Musculotendinous cuff of shoulder
Glenoid labrum
Muscles attaching the humerus to
pectoral girdle

4. Rotator cuff muscles
Supraspinatus
Infraspinatus
Teres minor
Subscapularis
Musculotendinous cuff of the shoulder

5. Articulating Surfaces
Head of Humerus
Glenoid Fossa of the Scapula
Both articular surfaces are covered
with hyaline cartilage

6. Ligaments of the Joint
Capsular Ligament
Coracohumeral Ligament
Transverse Humeral Ligament
Glenoidal Labrum

7. Capsular ligament
sular Ligament
.
e to the
of glenoid
the
nt
to
ck of the
below.
be
each
n an inch

8. • Lines the fibrous capsule
• Forms a tubular sheath around
tendon of the long head of biceps .
• Extends through the anterior wall
of the capsule to form the
Subscapularis bursa
Synovial Membrane

9. Bursae related to the joint
Subacromial bursa
(Subdeltoid bursa)
Subscapularis bursa
Infraspinatus bursa
Subcoracoid bursa

10. Relations of Shoulder Joint

11. Movements of Shoulder Joint

12. Movement Main Muscles Accessory muscles
Flexion Ant fibers of Deltoid
Clavicular head of Pect Major
Short head of Biceps
Coracobrachialis
Extension Post fibers of deltoid
Latissimus dorsi
Sternocostal head of Pect Major
Teres major,Long head of triceps
Adduction Pectoralis major
Latissimus dorsi
Short head of biceps
Long head of triceps
Teres major
Coracobrachialis
Abduction Supraspinatus
Deltoid
Trapezius
Serratus anterior
Medial rotation Ant fibers of deltoid
Pectoralis major
Latissimus dorsi
Teres major
Subscapularis
Lateral rotation Post fibers of deltoid
Infraspinatus
Teres minor
Movements of shoulder joint

13. Blood Supply of Joint
Ant Circumflex Humeral
Post Circumflex Humeral
Suprascapular Vessels
Subscapular Vessels

14. Nerve Supply of Joint
• Axillary Nerve
• Musculocutaneous Nerve
• Suprascapular Nerve

15. Clinical Anatomy
Frequently injured due to anatomical design
Shallowness of glenoid fossa
Laxity of ligamentous structures
• Dislocation
• Frozen Shoulder
• Rotator cuff tendinitis/Tear
• Subacromial Bursitis
• Shoulder Tip Pain
• Optimum Attitude

16. Dislocation of Shoulder
Anterior -85%
Inferior -5%
Posterior-10%
Damage to axillary nerve
tec ts joints in all
n exc ept inferiorly.
resis/ Hemiplegia
prone to disloc ate
ulder their Rotator
sc les are weak to hold
lder joint in plac e.

17. Frozen Shoulder
nt.
der

18. Subacromial Bursitis

19. Shoulder Tip Pain
Arthritis
Rotator cuff tendinitis/tear
(Impingement syndrome)
Sub diaphragmatic pathology

20. Approach To Shoulder Joint
nt is
d for
e
opectoral
d)

21. THANK YOU