The document discusses the development of the face, nose, and palate between 4-12 weeks of gestation. It summarizes that: 1) The face develops from 5 processes - the frontonasal, two maxillary, and two mandibular processes. These processes fuse to form structures like the upper and lower lips. 2) The nose develops from the frontonasal process, medial and lateral nasal processes, which fuse to form structures like the bridge and tip of the nose. 3) The palate develops from the lateral palatine processes which elongate and fuse above the tongue to form the primary and secondary palate. This separates the oral and nasal cavities.

1. DEVELOPMENT OF FACE, NOSE AND PALATE
DR NEETA CHHABRA

2. Development of Face
• Facial development occurs mainly between 4th - 8th week.
• It is induced by migration of neural crest cells.
• NC cells originate in the neuroectoderm of forebrain, midbrain and hind
brain regions and migrate ventrally into the pharyngeal arches and rostrally
around the forebrain and optic cup into the facial region.

3. Embryo 4th week

4. Development of Face
Develops from 5 processes
• One Frontonasal process
• Two Maxillary processes
• Two Mandibular processes
• Maxillary & Mandibular processes arise
from 1st pharyngeal arch.
• These 5 prominences surround the
stomodeum (primitive mouth) cranially,
laterally and caudally.

5. Frontonasal Process
• Two oval shaped ectodermal
thickenings : nasal placodes appear in
the lower part of frontonasal process
by the end of 4th week.
• These thickenings are invaginated to
form the nasal pits by 5th week
• Mesenchymal cells proliferate at the
margin of the pits and produce medial
and lateral nasal processes

6. Mandibular Process
• The mandibular processes of two
sides grow towards each other and
fuse in the midline.
• The fused mandibular processes give
rise to lower lip & lower jaw.
Embryo: 6 weeks

7. Maxillary Process
• Maxillary processes grows medially &
ventrally & fuses first with the lateral nasal
process & then with medial nasal process.
• Nasolacrimal groove
• Nasolacrimal duct

8. • The maxillary processes grow further medially
below the nasal pits and push the medial
nasal processes medially which fuse to form
the intermaxillary segment.
Maxillary Process

9. Development of Upper Lip
• Lateral part of Upper lip is formed by the
maxillary processes
• Middle part (philtrum) is formed by the
Frontonasal process
• Ectoderm from the maxillary process covers
the philtrum

10. Development of Cheek
• After the formation of the upper lip and lower
lips the stomodaeum becomes broader.
• It is bounded laterally and above by the
maxillary process and laterally and below by
the mandibular process
• Progressive fusion of both these processes
form the cheek.

11. Development of Nose
The nose is formed from 5 processes
• Frontonasal process
• Medial nasal processes of right and left sides
• Lateral nasal processes of right and left sides
• Frontonasal process forms the bridge & dorsum
of the nose
• Fused medial nasal processes form crest and tip
of nose
• The lateral nasal folds form the alae of the nose

12. Development of Nasal Cavities
tially the nasal sacs are
parated from the oral
vity by oronasal
embrane.
e oronasal membrane
ptures by the 6th week,
mmunicating the
imitive nasal cavities with
e oral cavity
membrane.
• The oronasal membrane
ruptures by the 6th week,
communicating the
primitive nasal cavities with
the oral cavity
ommunications are called the
e choana and are located
or to the primary palate
• These communications are called the
primitive choana and are located
posterior to the primary palate
• After the development of the
secondary palate, the choana change
their position and become located at
the junction of nasal cavity and the
pharynx

13. Development of Paranasal Sinuses
• Paranasal sinuses appear as diverticula of
lateral nasal walls, extend into nearby bones
• They develop after birth, except maxillary
sinus which appears in late foetal life
• Original openings

14. Development of Nasal Septum

15. Summary of Facial development

16. Development of Palate
• Begins at the end of the 5th week
• Completed by the end of the 12th week
• The most critical period for the
development of palate is from the end of
6th week to the beginning of 9th week
• Develops from two primordia:
• The Primary palate
• The Secondary palate

17. Development of Palate
• In the beginning, the lateral
palatine processes project
inferomedially on each side of
the tongue
• With the development of the
jaws, the tongue moves
inferiorly.
• During 7th & 8th weeks, the
lateral palatine processes
elongate and ascend to a
horizontal position above the
tongue
Tongue
• In the beginning, the lateral
palatine processes project
inferomedially on each side of
the tongue
• With the development of the
jaws, the tongue moves
inferiorly.
• During 7th & 8th weeks, the
lateral palatine processes
elongate and ascend to a
horizontal position above the
tongue
Tongue

18. Development of Palate

19. • The palatine shelves grow medially and fuse
in the median plane.
• Also fuse with the
Posterior part of the primary palate &
The nasal septum
• Intramembranous ossification occurs in
Ventral 3/4th : Hard palate
Dorsal 1/4th : Soft palate
Definitive Palate

20. Clinical Anatomy
• Anomalies of mouth
Microstomia
Macrostomia
Agnathia
Micrognathia
Anodontia
• Anomalies of the nose
Stenosis of nostrils
Deviation of the nasal septum
• Oblique facial cleft

21. Cleft Lip and Palate
• Cleft lip is more common in males.
Incidence : 1: 1000
• Cleft palate is more common in
females.
Incidence : 1: 2500
80% clefts are Unilateral
20% - Bilateral

22. Cleft Palate

23. Cleft Palate

24. SUMMARY
Prominences Structures Formed
Frontonasal Forehead, bridge of nose, medial & lateral nasal
process
Maxillary Cheek & lateral portion of upper lip
Mandibular Lower lip
Medial nasal Philtrum of upper lip, crest & tip of nose
Lateral nasal Ala of nose
Structures contributing to formation of face

25. THANKS