Introduction to Shaving Soaps & Creams Properties of shaving preparations, Shaving Soaps, Shaving Creams, Other Shaving Preparations, Evaluation of Shaving Preparations Presented by K.Tarun Department of Industrial Pharmacy

1. RIPER
AUTONOMOUS
NAAC &
NBA (UG)
SIRO- DSIR
Raghavendra Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research - Autonomous
K.R.Palli Cross, Chiyyedu, Anantapuramu, A. P- 515721 1
Shaving Soaps & Creams
A seminar as a part of curricular requirement
for I year M. Pharm I semester
Presented by
K. Tarun (20L81S0805)
Dept. of Industrial Pharmacy
Under the guidance/Mentorship of
Dr. C. Haranath M. Pharm, Ph.D
Associate Professor
Dept. of Industrial Pharmacy

2. RIPER
AUTONOMOUS
NAAC &
NBA (UG)
SIRO- DSIR
Raghavendra Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research - Autonomous
K.R.Palli Cross, Chiyyedu, Anantapuramu, A. P- 515721 2
1. Introduction
2. Properties of shaving preparations
3. Shaving Soaps
4. Shaving Creams:
a. Lather Shaving Cream
b. Brushless Shaving Cream
5. Other Shaving Preparations:
a. Aerosol Shaving Cream
b. Pre-electric Shave Preparation
6. Evaluation of Shaving Preparations
7. References
contents

3. RIPER
AUTONOMOUS
NAAC &
NBA (UG)
SIRO- DSIR
Raghavendra Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research - Autonomous
K.R.Palli Cross, Chiyyedu, Anantapuramu, A. P- 515721 3
• Shaving: Shaving is the removal of hair, by using a razor to slice it
down to the level of the skin.
• One of the earliest preparation used for this purpose was shaving
soap prepared with saponification of potash and shaving preparations.
• The hallmarks of a good wet shaving preparation are twofold:
to soften the hair.
to act as a lubricant between the shaving hardware and the face.
Introduction

4. RIPER
AUTONOMOUS
NAAC &
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SIRO- DSIR
Raghavendra Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research - Autonomous
K.R.Palli Cross, Chiyyedu, Anantapuramu, A. P- 515721 4
1. Non-irritant.
2. Retain moisture during the period it remains on the face.
3. Soften the beard so that hair cuts easily.
4. Sufficient viscosity.
5. Non-corrosive to the containers.
6. Able to be washed down the drain without creating clogging
problems.
7. If used with a brush it should be able to develop high lather rapidly.
Properties of shaving preparations

5. RIPER
AUTONOMOUS
NAAC &
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SIRO- DSIR
Raghavendra Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research - Autonomous
K.R.Palli Cross, Chiyyedu, Anantapuramu, A. P- 515721 5
o There are significant differences in two soaps, saponification mainly
by potassium hydroxide.
o Potassium stearate gives quicker and stable lather than sodium
stearate.
o Shaving soaps can be presented in bar, stick or cup formulation.
o Addition of talc (10-15%) is reported to increase persistence of lather.
o It also helps razor to glide over face more smoothly.
Shaving Soaps

6. RIPER
AUTONOMOUS
NAAC &
NBA (UG)
SIRO- DSIR
Raghavendra Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research - Autonomous
K.R.Palli Cross, Chiyyedu, Anantapuramu, A. P- 515721 6
For making stick or bowl
Formula 1
Stearic acid 48%
Coconut fatty acids 15%
Caustic potash soln. 20%
Caustic soda soln. 4%
Water q.s. 100%

7. RIPER
AUTONOMOUS
NAAC &
NBA (UG)
SIRO- DSIR
Raghavendra Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research - Autonomous
K.R.Palli Cross, Chiyyedu, Anantapuramu, A. P- 515721 7
Procedure:
Whiteness: TiO2
Generally KOH & NaOH is used in 5:1 ratio
Super fatting agents like monodecyl, dodecyl, tetradecyl esters of di-
glycerol amine are used to improve soap system.
Talc (10-15%) used to increase persistence of lather & razor more
smooth.

8. RIPER
AUTONOMOUS
NAAC &
NBA (UG)
SIRO- DSIR
Raghavendra Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research - Autonomous
K.R.Palli Cross, Chiyyedu, Anantapuramu, A. P- 515721
8
For preparing bar or cake shaving soap
Formula 2
Toilet soap 45%
Coconut oil 7%
Stearic acid 12%
Fat (tallow) 20%
Caustic Potash soln. 10%
Caustic soda soln. 2.5%
Water q.s. 100%
Antioxidant q.s.

9. RIPER
AUTONOMOUS
NAAC &
NBA (UG)
SIRO- DSIR
Raghavendra Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research - Autonomous
K.R.Palli Cross, Chiyyedu, Anantapuramu, A. P- 515721 9
Procedure:
Requisite amount of tallow is saponified with KOH in the
Crutcher.
To this add soda soap
Any excess alkali is neutralized with stearic acid

10. RIPER
AUTONOMOUS
NAAC &
NBA (UG)
SIRO- DSIR
Raghavendra Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research - Autonomous
K.R.Palli Cross, Chiyyedu, Anantapuramu, A. P- 515721 10
• It is applied to the skin to facilitate removal of hair.
• Shaving cream softens and moistens the skin and the hair.
• Shaving cream that are in tubes are commonly used with a shaving
brush to produce a rich lather.
• Generally consists of :
Lather shaving cream
Brushless shaving cream
Shaving Creams

11. RIPER
AUTONOMOUS
NAAC &
NBA (UG)
SIRO- DSIR
Raghavendra Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research - Autonomous
K.R.Palli Cross, Chiyyedu, Anantapuramu, A. P- 515721 11
• Lather cream has also been used for a long time for shaving.
• A lather cream may be described as a mixture of soap in glycerin
and water.
• Properties of lather cream:
1) Produce rich and copious lather.
2) Non-irritant to the skin and should not be astringent.
3) Good wetting properties.
4) Smooth, soft and free from lumps.
Lather Shaving Cream

12. RIPER
AUTONOMOUS
NAAC &
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Raghavendra Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research - Autonomous
K.R.Palli Cross, Chiyyedu, Anantapuramu, A. P- 515721 12
• 30-50% of soap.
• Stearic acid alone do not produce voluminous lather.
• For improving lather coconut fatty acids are added.
• Generally Stearic acid : Coconut oil- 75:25.
• NaOH & KOH are used in combination for saponification of oils.
• KOH & NaOH in ratio of 5:1 with 3-5% free acid give good
plasticity to the product.

13. RIPER
AUTONOMOUS
NAAC &
NBA (UG)
SIRO- DSIR
Raghavendra Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research - Autonomous
K.R.Palli Cross, Chiyyedu, Anantapuramu, A. P- 515721 13
Formula 1
Stearic acid 28%
Coconut oil 12%
Palm oil 5%
Potassium hydroxide 6.5%
Sodium hydroxide 1.5%
Glycerin 10%
Water 100%
Perfume & Preservatives q.s.

14. RIPER
AUTONOMOUS
NAAC &
NBA (UG)
SIRO- DSIR
Raghavendra Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research - Autonomous
K.R.Palli Cross, Chiyyedu, Anantapuramu, A. P- 515721 14
Procedure:
1) Melt half quantity of stearic acid with coconut oil & palm oil in
water bath .
2) Dissolve alkalies in water.
3) Add melted stearic acid into mixture of alkalies by stirring until
complete saponification.
4) Heat remaining quantity of water to about 45oc add quickly into the
cream with stirring.
5) Add required quantity of perfume & preservatives.
6) Stir thoroughly to mix uniformly.

15. RIPER
AUTONOMOUS
NAAC &
NBA (UG)
SIRO- DSIR
Raghavendra Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research - Autonomous
K.R.Palli Cross, Chiyyedu, Anantapuramu, A. P- 515721 15
Formula 2
Stearic acid 38%
Coconut oil 5%
Olive oil/vegetable oil 2%
Propylene glycol 10%
Lecithin 2%
KOH 1.5%
NaOH 0.3%
Borax 1%
Water q.s. 100%
Perfume & Preservatives q.s.

16. RIPER
AUTONOMOUS
NAAC &
NBA (UG)
SIRO- DSIR
Raghavendra Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research - Autonomous
K.R.Palli Cross, Chiyyedu, Anantapuramu, A. P- 515721 16
• Brushless shaving cream, as the name suggests does not require brush
for applying.
• The cream is applied and spread with fingers.
• This method was popularized in the United States after the First
World War.
• When using brushless shaving cream, the face should be prepared for
use by washing it with soap & water (preferably HOT) and the
brushless cream should be applied.
• These are O/W emulsions.
Brushless Shaving Creams

17. RIPER
AUTONOMOUS
NAAC &
NBA (UG)
SIRO- DSIR
Raghavendra Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research - Autonomous
K.R.Palli Cross, Chiyyedu, Anantapuramu, A. P- 515721 17
Formula 1
Stearic acid 10-20%
Mineral oil/petroleum jelly 2-12%
Alkali 0.5-2%
Lanolin 0-5%
Gums or thickeners 0-0.5%
Water 60-75%
Preservatives q.s.

18. RIPER
AUTONOMOUS
NAAC &
NBA (UG)
SIRO- DSIR
Raghavendra Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research - Autonomous
K.R.Palli Cross, Chiyyedu, Anantapuramu, A. P- 515721 18
Formula 2
Glyceryl monostearate 10%
Stearic acid 6%
Glycerin 4%
Mineral oil 1%
Water 100%
Perfume & Preservatives q.s.

19. RIPER
AUTONOMOUS
NAAC &
NBA (UG)
SIRO- DSIR
Raghavendra Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research - Autonomous
K.R.Palli Cross, Chiyyedu, Anantapuramu, A. P- 515721 19
Heat water and water soluble ingredients to 65-70% and add to
the melted oil & fats heated to the same temperature with
stirring.
Stirring is continued till emulsification is complete.
Cream is cooled to about 45oc & perfume is added and
blended.
stirring is then discontinued and allow cream to mature.
This period varies from 24 hrs to a week.
After maturing, before filling the cream is gently stirred and is
filled in tubes or jars.
Standard procedure:

20. RIPER
AUTONOMOUS
NAAC &
NBA (UG)
SIRO- DSIR
Raghavendra Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research - Autonomous
K.R.Palli Cross, Chiyyedu, Anantapuramu, A. P- 515721 20
Other shaving preparations include:
Aerosol Shaving Lathers
Pre-electric Shave Preparations
Aerosol Shaving Lathers:
These are O/W emulsions.
Propellants are generally used in this preparations.
When the preparation is discharged to the atmosphere, droplets of
propellant vaporise producing vapour bubbles surrounded by aqueous
surfactant phase.
Other Shaving Preparations

21. RIPER
AUTONOMOUS
NAAC &
NBA (UG)
SIRO- DSIR
Raghavendra Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research - Autonomous
K.R.Palli Cross, Chiyyedu, Anantapuramu, A. P- 515721 21
Contents:
• 5-13% propellants
• 87-95% shaving cream base
Saturated fatty acids:
Main ingredient 7to9%
Stearic acid not essential, higher proportions which give stiffer
foams.
Alkalies:
oTriethanolamine, potassium hydroxide or mixture of both.
o1-3% of free fatty acid
Surfactants:
 Emulsion stability: glyceryl monostearate
 Wetting property of foam: SLS (Sodium Lauryl Sulphate)
 Water dispensibility of foam: polyethoxylated fatty alcohols
 Emolliency: ethoxylated lanolin

22. RIPER
AUTONOMOUS
NAAC &
NBA (UG)
SIRO- DSIR
Raghavendra Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research - Autonomous
K.R.Palli Cross, Chiyyedu, Anantapuramu, A. P- 515721 22
Lubricants:
Passage of razor over the face easy.
Lanolin, silicon fluid of isopropyl myristate of 1-2%
Propellants:
Fluorocarbons (7-10%)
Hydrocarbons (2.8-3.5)
Perfumes: 0.15-0.65
Cooling agent: menthol (0.05-0.2%)

23. RIPER
AUTONOMOUS
NAAC &
NBA (UG)
SIRO- DSIR
Raghavendra Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research - Autonomous
K.R.Palli Cross, Chiyyedu, Anantapuramu, A. P- 515721 23
Formula
Myristic acid 3%
Stearic acid 5%
Ethanol 0.5%
Glyceryl monostearate 2.5%
Lanolin 1%
Mineral oil 2%
Triethanolamine lauryl sulphate 1%
Glycerin 5%
Triethanolamine 4%
Water 100%
Perfume & Preservatives q.s.

24. RIPER
AUTONOMOUS
NAAC &
NBA (UG)
SIRO- DSIR
Raghavendra Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research - Autonomous
K.R.Palli Cross, Chiyyedu, Anantapuramu, A. P- 515721 24
 Pre-electric shave preparations are designated to dry the skin.
 It contain comparatively high percentage of alcohol.
 Antibacterial can also be added to the lotion to prevent infection.
 The lotion also contains an oily material to lubricate the hair with
thin film oil.
• Liquid
Pre-electric Shave Preparations
Liquid acetoglyceride 10%
Menthol 0.5%
Boric acid 1%
Alcohol 100%
Perfume q.s.

25. RIPER
AUTONOMOUS
NAAC &
NBA (UG)
SIRO- DSIR
Raghavendra Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research - Autonomous
K.R.Palli Cross, Chiyyedu, Anantapuramu, A. P- 515721 25
1. Determination of free caustic alkali.
2. Determination of potash soap.
3. Determination of total free acids.
4. Determination of total fatty materials.
5. Foam formation.
6. Skin sensitization.
7. Stability of the creams.
Evaluation of Shaving preparations:

26. RIPER
AUTONOMOUS
NAAC &
NBA (UG)
SIRO- DSIR
Raghavendra Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research - Autonomous
K.R.Palli Cross, Chiyyedu, Anantapuramu, A. P- 515721 26
1. Sharma PP, Cosmetics-Formulation, Manufacturing and Quality
control, Vandana Publications Delhi,1998, 407-422.
2. Mithal BM and Saha RN, A Handbook of Cosmetics, Delhi Vallabh
Prakashan, 1st Edition, 2006, 169-177.
3. Hidla B, Poucher’s Perfumes, Cosmetics and Soaps, Kulwer
Academic Publishers, 10th Edition,2000, 348-360.
References

27. RIPER
AUTONOMOUS
NAAC &
NBA (UG)
SIRO- DSIR
Raghavendra Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research - Autonomous
K.R.Palli Cross, Chiyyedu, Anantapuramu, A. P- 515721 27