In this slide contains Physical Evaluation of Crude Drugs. Presented by: HIMA BINDHU (Department of pharmaceutical analysis).RIPER, anantapur

1. RIPER
AUTONOMOUS
NAAC &
NBA (UG)
SIRO- DSIR
Raghavendra Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research - Autonomous
K.R.Palli Cross, Chiyyedu, Anantapuramu, A. P- 515721 1
PHYSICAL EVALUATION OF CRUDE
DRUGS
A Seminar as a part of curricular requirement
for I year M. Pharm II Semister
Presented by
G. HimaBindu
(Reg. No. 20L81S0703)
Dept. of Pharmaceutical Analysis

2. RIPER
AUTONOMOUS
NAAC &
NBA (UG)
SIRO- DSIR
Raghavendra Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research - Autonomous
K.R.Palli Cross, Chiyyedu, Anantapuramu, A. P- 515721 2
• Introduction
• Moisture content
• Ash value
• Volatile oil content
• References
Contents

3. RIPER
AUTONOMOUS
NAAC &
NBA (UG)
SIRO- DSIR
Raghavendra Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research - Autonomous
K.R.Palli Cross, Chiyyedu, Anantapuramu, A. P- 515721 3
• Physical contents such as elasticity in fibres, viscosity of drugs
containing gums, swelling factor for mucilage containing materials.
• froth number of saponin drugs, congealing point of volatile and fixed
oils, melting and boiling points and water contents are some
important parameters used in the evaluation of drugs.
• Ultraviolet light is also used for determing the fluorescence of
extracts of some drugs.
Introduction

4. RIPER
AUTONOMOUS
NAAC &
NBA (UG)
SIRO- DSIR
Raghavendra Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research - Autonomous
K.R.Palli Cross, Chiyyedu, Anantapuramu, A. P- 515721 4
• Physical constants are extensively applied to the active principles of
drugs, such as alkaloids, volatile oils, fixed oils etc.
• A few of them are
I. Moisture Content
II. Viscosity
III. Melting point
IV. Solubility
V. Optical Rotation
VI. Refractive Index
VII.Ash values

5. RIPER
AUTONOMOUS
NAAC &
NBA (UG)
SIRO- DSIR
Raghavendra Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research - Autonomous
K.R.Palli Cross, Chiyyedu, Anantapuramu, A. P- 515721 5
VIII. Extractive matter
IX. Volatile oil Content
X. Foreign organic matter
XI. swelling factor

6. RIPER
AUTONOMOUS
NAAC &
NBA (UG)
SIRO- DSIR
Raghavendra Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research - Autonomous
K.R.Palli Cross, Chiyyedu, Anantapuramu, A. P- 515721 6
• I. Moisture Content:
• Presence of moisture in a crude drug can lead to its deterioration due
to either activation of certain enzymes or growth of microbes.
• Moisture content can be determined by heating the drug at 150⁰C in
an oven to a constant weight and calculating the loss of weight. I.
Moisture Content:
S. NO DRUGS MOISTURE
CONTENT W/W
1. Aloes NMT 10
2. Digitalis NMT 5
3. Starch NMT 15

7. RIPER
AUTONOMOUS
NAAC &
NBA (UG)
SIRO- DSIR
Raghavendra Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research - Autonomous
K.R.Palli Cross, Chiyyedu, Anantapuramu, A. P- 515721 7
• The residue remaining after incineration is the ash content of the
drug.( inorganic salts of carbonates, phosphates, silicates of sodium,
potassium, calcium and magnesium) is known as ash content.
• Ash value is a criterion to judge the identity OR purity of the crude
drug.
Ash values:

8. RIPER
AUTONOMOUS
NAAC &
NBA (UG)
SIRO- DSIR
Raghavendra Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research - Autonomous
K.R.Palli Cross, Chiyyedu, Anantapuramu, A. P- 515721 8
S.NO Drugs total ash(%
w/w)
acid
insoluble ash
% (w/w)
1 Agar - 1
2 Bael 3.6 -
3 Cannabis 15.0 5
4 Gelatin 3.5 -
5 Valerin 12.10 -

9. RIPER
AUTONOMOUS
NAAC &
NBA (UG)
SIRO- DSIR
Raghavendra Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research - Autonomous
K.R.Palli Cross, Chiyyedu, Anantapuramu, A. P- 515721 9
Total ash value:
1. Total ash value Useful for detecting low grade products, exhausted
products, excess of sandy and earthy matter with drug.
2. Acid insoluble ash value Used for the determination of earthy matter
present on roots, rhizomes, and also on the leaves.
3. Crude drugs contain calcium oxalate crystals the amount may varies
depending on the environmental conditions.
4. Sulphated ash value Used for the detection of low grade products.
5. Water soluble ash value :Water soluble ash value Used to detect either
material exhausted by water or not ( Tea leaves, Ginger rhizomes).

10. RIPER
AUTONOMOUS
NAAC &
NBA (UG)
SIRO- DSIR
Raghavendra Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research - Autonomous
K.R.Palli Cross, Chiyyedu, Anantapuramu, A. P- 515721 10
• Weigh accurately about 3gms of the powdered drug in a tared silica
crucible.
• Incinerate the powdered drug by gradually increasing the heat until
free from carbon and cool. Keep it in desiccators.
• Weigh the ash and calculate the % of the total ash with reference to
the air dried sample.
Determination of total ash value:

11. RIPER
AUTONOMOUS
NAAC &
NBA (UG)
SIRO- DSIR
Raghavendra Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research - Autonomous
K.R.Palli Cross, Chiyyedu, Anantapuramu, A. P- 515721 11
• Boil the total ash obtained as above for 5 minutes with 25ml of dilute
HCL.
• Filter and collect the insoluble matter on the ashless filter paper ,
wash the filter paper with hot water, ignite in tared crucible, cool and
kept in desiccators.
• Weigh the residue and calculate the acid insoluble ash of the drug.
Determination of acid insoluble ash:

12. RIPER
AUTONOMOUS
NAAC &
NBA (UG)
SIRO- DSIR
Raghavendra Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research - Autonomous
K.R.Palli Cross, Chiyyedu, Anantapuramu, A. P- 515721 12
• Efficiency of several drugs is due to their odorous principle (volatile
oils).
• Such crude drugs are standardized on the basis of their volatile oil
contents.
• Weighed quantity of the drug is boiled with water in a round
bottomed flask fitted with clevenger apparatus.
• The distillate collected is graduated into volatile oil. The amount thus
obtained is recorded from the tube. The distillate collected is
graduated into volatile oil.
Volatile oil content:

13. RIPER
AUTONOMOUS
NAAC &
NBA (UG)
SIRO- DSIR
Raghavendra Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research - Autonomous
K.R.Palli Cross, Chiyyedu, Anantapuramu, A. P- 515721 13
• The amount thus obtained is recorded from the tube.
S.N
o
DRUGS VOLATILE OIL
CONTENT (%
W/W
1 Caraway NLT 2.5
2 Clove NLT 15
3 Fresh lemon peel NLT 205
4 Fennel NLT 1.4
5 Dill NLT 2.5

14. RIPER
AUTONOMOUS
NAAC &
NBA (UG)
SIRO- DSIR
Raghavendra Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research - Autonomous
K.R.Palli Cross, Chiyyedu, Anantapuramu, A. P- 515721 14
1. Bureau of indian standards for cosmetics and raw materials.
2. Aushtoshkar, by pharmacognosy and pharma biotechnology, 2009
pgno.123-134.
References

15. RIPER
AUTONOMOUS
NAAC &
NBA (UG)
SIRO- DSIR
Raghavendra Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research - Autonomous
K.R.Palli Cross, Chiyyedu, Anantapuramu, A. P- 515721 15