In this slide contains introduction and various methods for analysis of milk.
Presented by: KHALID KUWAITY (Department of pharmaceutical analysis).
RIPER, anantapur
In this slide contains Methods of Detection of Natural, Permitted and Non Permitted Dyes.
Presented by: P.SUDHEER KUMAR (Department of pharmaceutical analysis).
RIPER, anantapur
In this slide I have given brief knowledge about types of preservatives. This slide is recommended to students who are new to this particular topic or those who want notes for examination. I hope you will get benefit from this slide. Do comment for any improvement or want slides that i should prepare for you.
In this slide contains Quality control test and Analysis of Wine and Beer.
Presented by: SHAIK GOUSE UL AZAM (Department of pharmaceutical analysis ).
RIPER, anantapur
In this slide contains adulteration, milk standards, sample preparation, identification of adulterants and contamination of milk.
Presented by: G.Sateesh Chandra (Department of pharmaceutical analysis).RIPER, anantapur
In this slide contains Methods of Detection of Natural, Permitted and Non Permitted Dyes.
Presented by: P.SUDHEER KUMAR (Department of pharmaceutical analysis).
RIPER, anantapur
In this slide I have given brief knowledge about types of preservatives. This slide is recommended to students who are new to this particular topic or those who want notes for examination. I hope you will get benefit from this slide. Do comment for any improvement or want slides that i should prepare for you.
In this slide contains Quality control test and Analysis of Wine and Beer.
Presented by: SHAIK GOUSE UL AZAM (Department of pharmaceutical analysis ).
RIPER, anantapur
In this slide contains adulteration, milk standards, sample preparation, identification of adulterants and contamination of milk.
Presented by: G.Sateesh Chandra (Department of pharmaceutical analysis).RIPER, anantapur
Impurity profiling and degradent characterization {presented by shameer m.pha...ShameerAbid
these slides discuss
Impurity profiling
Degradation characterization
Stability testing & Accelerated stability testing (ICH)
Evaluation of the test (shelf life)
analytical method development
ICH vs USP definition
methods for identification
method for the isolation of the impurity
factors affecting the degradation of formulation
What is degradation characterization
general protocol of degradation conditions used for drug substance and drug product
Degradation conditions
Stress testing
Container closure system
Carbohydrates || Food Analysis || Pharmaceutical Analysis Department || M.Pha...saimuniswetha1
Hello everyone,
Today's topic Carbohydrates in Food Analysis subject in M.pharmacy(Pharmaceutical Analysis Department) ..Don't forget to see.. please watch it... If you need explanation about Carbohydrates please click below link : https://youtu.be/aI5UnNYgufY
In this slide contains need of food regulations, system and Legislation Regulation of Food Products as per BSI and Agmark.
Presented by: G. Chiranjeevi (Department of pharmaceutical analysis),
RIPER, anantapur.
University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences is a flag bearer of excellence in Pharmaceutical education and research in the country. Here is another initiative to make study material available to everyone worldwide. Based on the new PCI guidelines and syllabus here we have a presentation dealing with basics impurity profiling and degradent characterization.
Thank you for reading.
Hope it was of help to you.
UIPS,PU team
In this slide contains definition and determination of Iodine value, Rancidity, Peroxide value.
Presented by: K. SANDHYA RANI (Department of pharmaceutical analysis).RIPER, anantapur
Beer is an incredibly complex beverage containing more than 3000 different compounds, including carbohydrates, proteins, ions, microbes, organic acids, and polyphenols, among others.Some of the analytical methods used for quality control are presented
In this slide contains Quality control tests and analysis of spirits and vinegar.
Presented by: T.JAYASREE (Department of pharmaceutical analysis).
RIPER, anantapur
POTENTIAL SOURCES OF ELEMENTAL IMPURITIESMehulJain143
INTRODUCTION
INDENTIFICATION OF POTENTIAL ELEMENTAL IMPURITIES
FACTORS AFFECTING
EVALUATION
RISK ASSESSMENT AND CONTROL OF ELEMENTAL IMPURITIES
GENERAL PRINCIPLES
Introduction to Shaving Soaps & Creams
Properties of shaving preparations, Shaving Soaps, Shaving Creams, Other Shaving Preparations, Evaluation of Shaving Preparations
Presented by
K.Tarun
Department of Industrial Pharmacy
Introduction to Cosmetics for eyes
Types of Eye Make – up, Eye Shadows, Eye Liners,
Eye Brow pencils
Presented by
J. Vinay Krishna
Department of Industrial Pharmacy
Impurity profiling and degradent characterization {presented by shameer m.pha...ShameerAbid
these slides discuss
Impurity profiling
Degradation characterization
Stability testing & Accelerated stability testing (ICH)
Evaluation of the test (shelf life)
analytical method development
ICH vs USP definition
methods for identification
method for the isolation of the impurity
factors affecting the degradation of formulation
What is degradation characterization
general protocol of degradation conditions used for drug substance and drug product
Degradation conditions
Stress testing
Container closure system
Carbohydrates || Food Analysis || Pharmaceutical Analysis Department || M.Pha...saimuniswetha1
Hello everyone,
Today's topic Carbohydrates in Food Analysis subject in M.pharmacy(Pharmaceutical Analysis Department) ..Don't forget to see.. please watch it... If you need explanation about Carbohydrates please click below link : https://youtu.be/aI5UnNYgufY
In this slide contains need of food regulations, system and Legislation Regulation of Food Products as per BSI and Agmark.
Presented by: G. Chiranjeevi (Department of pharmaceutical analysis),
RIPER, anantapur.
University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences is a flag bearer of excellence in Pharmaceutical education and research in the country. Here is another initiative to make study material available to everyone worldwide. Based on the new PCI guidelines and syllabus here we have a presentation dealing with basics impurity profiling and degradent characterization.
Thank you for reading.
Hope it was of help to you.
UIPS,PU team
In this slide contains definition and determination of Iodine value, Rancidity, Peroxide value.
Presented by: K. SANDHYA RANI (Department of pharmaceutical analysis).RIPER, anantapur
Beer is an incredibly complex beverage containing more than 3000 different compounds, including carbohydrates, proteins, ions, microbes, organic acids, and polyphenols, among others.Some of the analytical methods used for quality control are presented
In this slide contains Quality control tests and analysis of spirits and vinegar.
Presented by: T.JAYASREE (Department of pharmaceutical analysis).
RIPER, anantapur
POTENTIAL SOURCES OF ELEMENTAL IMPURITIESMehulJain143
INTRODUCTION
INDENTIFICATION OF POTENTIAL ELEMENTAL IMPURITIES
FACTORS AFFECTING
EVALUATION
RISK ASSESSMENT AND CONTROL OF ELEMENTAL IMPURITIES
GENERAL PRINCIPLES
Introduction to Shaving Soaps & Creams
Properties of shaving preparations, Shaving Soaps, Shaving Creams, Other Shaving Preparations, Evaluation of Shaving Preparations
Presented by
K.Tarun
Department of Industrial Pharmacy
Introduction to Cosmetics for eyes
Types of Eye Make – up, Eye Shadows, Eye Liners,
Eye Brow pencils
Presented by
J. Vinay Krishna
Department of Industrial Pharmacy
In this slide contains introduction about pesticide, steps involved in pesticide analysis and different methods for estimation of pesticide residue in milk.
Presented by: G.Hima Bindu (Deparment of pharmaceutical analysis),
RIPER,anantapur.
In this slide contains introduction, role, mechanism, and assay of oxytocin.
Presented by: P.PAVAN KALYAN (Department of pharmaceutical analysis ).
RIPER, anantapur
Introduction to Artificial Sweeteners & Method of Analysis, Chemical Structures and Basic Characteristics of Artificial Sweeteners:
Presented by
M.Sudheeshna
Pharmaceutical Analysis
Development of neutraceutical egg products with omega 3-rich oilsBilal Ahmed
Egg is a nutrient dense food that contains proteins, fats, vitamins and minerals. The egg is the least inexpensive source and high containing proteins.
Egg supply the diet with essential nutrients such as folate ,selenium, iron ,Vit A and Vit B12and few exogenous sources of Vit D and Vit K as well as one of the few food sources that contain high concentration of choline; nutrient that is essential for normal brain development
Introduction to Quality control tests for ophthalmics
Introduction, Universal tests, Quality control test
Presented by
T.Jayasree
Pharmaceutical analysis
Application of ultrafiltration technique for the quality improvement of dahi ...Ganga Sahay Meena
abstract: Ultrafiltered milk (UF1 and UF2), ultrafiltrate
retentate added milk (UF3 and UF4) and SMP added milk
(UF0) were used for dahi preparation in the present study.
Treatments were evaluated for rheological, textural and sensorial
characteristics. Significant increase (p < 0.01) in values
of firmness, stickiness, work of shear, work of adhesion and
sensory scores, but significant decrease (p < 0.01) in whey
syneresis values were observed with treatments UF1, UF2,
UF3 and UF4 as compared to UF0. Principal component analysis
(PCA) revealed that first four principal components (PC)
explained 87.39 % relationship between samples and attributes.
PC1 accounted for 48.34 % of data variance was characterized
by protein content, firmness, work of shear, body &
texture and opposed by total carbohydrates, stickiness, syneresis
and work of adhesion. Total carbohydrates content
(r = −0.982, P < 0.01), whey syneresis (r = −0.783,
P < 0.01), stickiness (r = −0.729, P < 0.01) and work of
adhesion (r = −0.684, P < 0.01) are negatively while body
and texture (r = +0.600, P < 0.01), firmness (r = +0.574,
P < 0.05) and work of shear (r = +0.538, P < 0.05) of dahi
are highly positively correlated with protein content.
Keywords Dahi . Firmness .PCA .Syneresis .Ultrafiltration
Introduction to Screening Models of Anti-Atherosclerosis
Atherosclerosis, Screening models, In vitro models, In vivo models
Presented by
SHAIK FIRDOUS BANU
Department of Pharmacology
In this slide contains the deep explanation of Methods of Determination for Drug-Excipient Compatibility Studies.
Presented by: G.Aravind Kumar (Department of industrial pharmacy),
RIPER, anantapur.
Preparation, Identification and Analysis of Drug (Pepsin) of natural originSnehankit Gurjar
It is collective information about Pepsin for my seminar on topic "Preparation, Identification and Analysis of Drug (Pepsin) of natural origin" for completion of my Seminar of the semester seventh of course Batchelor of Pharmacy 4th year.
Spray-dried plasma from porcine blood in diets for Atlantic salmon parrsInternational Aquafeed
Since the late 1970s, Atlantic salmon aquaculture has grown into a global industry that annually produces over 1.4 million tonnes of salmon with an estimated value of US$7,812 million according to 2012 FAO statistics. The growth of salmon aquaculture has been accompanied by a continuous improvement in feed formulation and technology to maximize growth and survival of salmon at different stages of development. The search for new and alternative feed ingredients and formulations continues in order to ensure sustainability of this industry.
JOURNAL CLUB PRESENTATION (20L81S0402-PA & QA)
Presented by: K VENKATSAI PRASAD (Department of pharmaceutical analysis and quality assurance).RIPER, anantapur
Nutraceutical market, scope and growth: Herbal drug technologyLokesh Patil
As consumer awareness of health and wellness rises, the nutraceutical market—which includes goods like functional meals, drinks, and dietary supplements that provide health advantages beyond basic nutrition—is growing significantly. As healthcare expenses rise, the population ages, and people want natural and preventative health solutions more and more, this industry is increasing quickly. Further driving market expansion are product formulation innovations and the use of cutting-edge technology for customized nutrition. With its worldwide reach, the nutraceutical industry is expected to keep growing and provide significant chances for research and investment in a number of categories, including vitamins, minerals, probiotics, and herbal supplements.
Earliest Galaxies in the JADES Origins Field: Luminosity Function and Cosmic ...Sérgio Sacani
We characterize the earliest galaxy population in the JADES Origins Field (JOF), the deepest
imaging field observed with JWST. We make use of the ancillary Hubble optical images (5 filters
spanning 0.4−0.9µm) and novel JWST images with 14 filters spanning 0.8−5µm, including 7 mediumband filters, and reaching total exposure times of up to 46 hours per filter. We combine all our data
at > 2.3µm to construct an ultradeep image, reaching as deep as ≈ 31.4 AB mag in the stack and
30.3-31.0 AB mag (5σ, r = 0.1” circular aperture) in individual filters. We measure photometric
redshifts and use robust selection criteria to identify a sample of eight galaxy candidates at redshifts
z = 11.5 − 15. These objects show compact half-light radii of R1/2 ∼ 50 − 200pc, stellar masses of
M⋆ ∼ 107−108M⊙, and star-formation rates of SFR ∼ 0.1−1 M⊙ yr−1
. Our search finds no candidates
at 15 < z < 20, placing upper limits at these redshifts. We develop a forward modeling approach to
infer the properties of the evolving luminosity function without binning in redshift or luminosity that
marginalizes over the photometric redshift uncertainty of our candidate galaxies and incorporates the
impact of non-detections. We find a z = 12 luminosity function in good agreement with prior results,
and that the luminosity function normalization and UV luminosity density decline by a factor of ∼ 2.5
from z = 12 to z = 14. We discuss the possible implications of our results in the context of theoretical
models for evolution of the dark matter halo mass function.
Richard's entangled aventures in wonderlandRichard Gill
Since the loophole-free Bell experiments of 2020 and the Nobel prizes in physics of 2022, critics of Bell's work have retreated to the fortress of super-determinism. Now, super-determinism is a derogatory word - it just means "determinism". Palmer, Hance and Hossenfelder argue that quantum mechanics and determinism are not incompatible, using a sophisticated mathematical construction based on a subtle thinning of allowed states and measurements in quantum mechanics, such that what is left appears to make Bell's argument fail, without altering the empirical predictions of quantum mechanics. I think however that it is a smoke screen, and the slogan "lost in math" comes to my mind. I will discuss some other recent disproofs of Bell's theorem using the language of causality based on causal graphs. Causal thinking is also central to law and justice. I will mention surprising connections to my work on serial killer nurse cases, in particular the Dutch case of Lucia de Berk and the current UK case of Lucy Letby.
Professional air quality monitoring systems provide immediate, on-site data for analysis, compliance, and decision-making.
Monitor common gases, weather parameters, particulates.
The increased availability of biomedical data, particularly in the public domain, offers the opportunity to better understand human health and to develop effective therapeutics for a wide range of unmet medical needs. However, data scientists remain stymied by the fact that data remain hard to find and to productively reuse because data and their metadata i) are wholly inaccessible, ii) are in non-standard or incompatible representations, iii) do not conform to community standards, and iv) have unclear or highly restricted terms and conditions that preclude legitimate reuse. These limitations require a rethink on data can be made machine and AI-ready - the key motivation behind the FAIR Guiding Principles. Concurrently, while recent efforts have explored the use of deep learning to fuse disparate data into predictive models for a wide range of biomedical applications, these models often fail even when the correct answer is already known, and fail to explain individual predictions in terms that data scientists can appreciate. These limitations suggest that new methods to produce practical artificial intelligence are still needed.
In this talk, I will discuss our work in (1) building an integrative knowledge infrastructure to prepare FAIR and "AI-ready" data and services along with (2) neurosymbolic AI methods to improve the quality of predictions and to generate plausible explanations. Attention is given to standards, platforms, and methods to wrangle knowledge into simple, but effective semantic and latent representations, and to make these available into standards-compliant and discoverable interfaces that can be used in model building, validation, and explanation. Our work, and those of others in the field, creates a baseline for building trustworthy and easy to deploy AI models in biomedicine.
Bio
Dr. Michel Dumontier is the Distinguished Professor of Data Science at Maastricht University, founder and executive director of the Institute of Data Science, and co-founder of the FAIR (Findable, Accessible, Interoperable and Reusable) data principles. His research explores socio-technological approaches for responsible discovery science, which includes collaborative multi-modal knowledge graphs, privacy-preserving distributed data mining, and AI methods for drug discovery and personalized medicine. His work is supported through the Dutch National Research Agenda, the Netherlands Organisation for Scientific Research, Horizon Europe, the European Open Science Cloud, the US National Institutes of Health, and a Marie-Curie Innovative Training Network. He is the editor-in-chief for the journal Data Science and is internationally recognized for his contributions in bioinformatics, biomedical informatics, and semantic technologies including ontologies and linked data.
This pdf is about the Schizophrenia.
For more details visit on YouTube; @SELF-EXPLANATORY;
https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCAiarMZDNhe1A3Rnpr_WkzA/videos
Thanks...!
1. Raghavendra Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research - Autonomous
K.R.Palli Cross, Chiyyedu, Anantapuramu, A. P- 515721
General analytical methods for milk
A Seminar as a part of curricular requirement
for Master of Pharmacy, I Year - I semester
Presented by
KHALID OSMAN
(20L81S0710)
Pharmaceutical analysis
Under the guidance of
Dr. P. Vinod Kumar M.Pharm, Ph.D.
Professor & head of Pharmaceutical analysis
2. RIPER
AUTONOMOUS
NAAC &
NBA (UG)
SIRO- DSIR
Raghavendra Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research - Autonomous
K.R.Palli Cross, Chiyyedu, Anantapuramu, A. P- 515721 2
Contents :
Introduction
Milk Analysis Methods For :
Density
Fat Content
Total dry extract (TDE)
Non-fat dry extract (NFDE)
Cryoscopy
Acidity
References
3. RIPER
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SIRO- DSIR
Raghavendra Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research - Autonomous
K.R.Palli Cross, Chiyyedu, Anantapuramu, A. P- 515721
INTRODUCTION :
Milk provides essential nutrients and is an important source of dietary energy,
high-quality proteins and fats.
Milk can make a significant contribution to the required nutrient intakes for
calcium, magnesium, selenium, riboflavin, vitamin B12 and pantothenic acid.
Milk and milk products are nutrient-dense foods and their consumption can add
diversity to plant-based diets.
Animal milk can play an important role in the diets of children in populations
with very low fat intakes and limited access to other animal source foods.
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Raghavendra Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research - Autonomous
K.R.Palli Cross, Chiyyedu, Anantapuramu, A. P- 515721
Milk composition:
Main constituent
Range
(%)
Mean
(%)
Water 85.5 – 89.5 87.0
Total solids 10.5 – 14.5 13.0
Fat 2.5 – 6.0 4.0
Proteins 2.9 – 5.0 3.4
Lactose 3.6 – 5.5 4.8
Minerals 0.6 – 0.9 0.8
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K.R.Palli Cross, Chiyyedu, Anantapuramu, A. P- 515721
variety of milk products:
Cow milk : Fat constitutes approximately 3 to 4 percent of the solid
content of cow milk, protein about 3.5 percent and lactose 5 percent, but
the gross chemical composition of cow milk varies depending on the breed.
Buffalo milk : has a very high fat content, which is on average twice as
high as that of cow milk. The fat-to-protein ratio in buffalo milk is about
2:1. Compared with cattle milk, buffalo milk also has a higher casein-to-
protein ratio. The high calcium content of casein facilitates cheese making.
5
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K.R.Palli Cross, Chiyyedu, Anantapuramu, A. P- 515721
Camel milk : has a similar composition to cow milk but is slightly saltier.
Camel milk can be three times as rich in vitamin C as cow milk and
represents a vital source of this vitamin for people living in arid and semi-
arid areas, who often cannot obtain vitamin C from fruits and vegetables.
Camel milk is also rich in unsaturated fatty acids and B vitamins.
Sheep milk : has higher fat and protein contents than goat and cow milk;
only buffalo and yak milk contain more fat. Sheep milk also generally has a
higher lactose content than milk from cows, buffaloes and goats.
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K.R.Palli Cross, Chiyyedu, Anantapuramu, A. P- 515721
Goat milk : has a similar composition to cow milk. In Mediterranean
countries and in Latin America, goat milk is generally transformed into
cheese; in Africa and South Asia, it is usually consumed raw or acidified.
Yak milk : tastes sweet and has a fragrant, sweetish smell. Yak milk has
between 15 and 18 percent solid content, 5.5 to 9 percent fat and 4 to
5.9 percent protein
Equine milk: Horse and donkey milk have very similar compositions.
Equine milk, like human milk, is relatively low in proteins (particularly
caseins) and ashes and rich in lactose.
7
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Raghavendra Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research - Autonomous
K.R.Palli Cross, Chiyyedu, Anantapuramu, A. P- 515721
Milk testing and quality control:
quantity – measured in volume or weight;
organoleptic characteristics – appearance, taste and smell;
compositional characteristics – especially fat, solid and protein contents;
physical and chemical characteristics;
hygienic characteristics – hygienic conditions, cleanliness and quality;
adulteration – with water, preservatives, added solids, etc;
drug residues.
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Density :
The density is a relationship between the body mass and the volume this body
occupies in the space.
The density test is performed in order to be used in the detection of adulteration
in the milk, since the addition of water only would cause the decrease in density.
whereas the skimming (fat removal) would cause an increased density in the
milk, besides supplying important information for the determination of the total
dry extract.
10. RIPER
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K.R.Palli Cross, Chiyyedu, Anantapuramu, A. P- 515721 10
Determination methods :
The density determination is accomplished by the thermolactodensimeter
because the practicability of this method .
Place the sample to be analyzed in the clean and dry test tube, by taking the
care of inclining the test tube and allowing the liquid to flow down the
walls of the glass for avoiding the incorporation of the air which would
reduce the density of the milk .
Place the sample to be analyzed in the clean and dry test tube, by taking the
care of inclining the test tube and allowing the liquid to flow down the
walls of the glass for avoiding the incorporation of the air which would
reduce the density of the milk .
11. RIPER
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Raghavendra Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research - Autonomous
K.R.Palli Cross, Chiyyedu, Anantapuramu, A. P- 515721
Immerse TDL into the test tube and make it rotate slowly on its own axis.
Perform the reading of both density and temperature of the milk, as soon as
TDL stabilizes.
Proceed to the correction of the influence from the temperature, by using an
adequate scale. The result will correspond to the corrected milk density.
12. RIPER
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K.R.Palli Cross, Chiyyedu, Anantapuramu, A. P- 515721
Fat Content :
Fat is the most variable component (from 2.8 to 6.5%) of the milk, and has a
higher commercial value.
Its determination became almost a routine in the dairies, because the easiness it
is removed from the milk
12
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Gerber's method :
Carefully add 10 mL sulfuric acid in the butyrometer .
Carefully add 11 mL milk to the butyrometer, by letting it to slowly flow
down the glass walls in order to it does not mix with the acid .
Add 1 mL amyl alcohol .
Clean the neck of the butyrometer and close with cork .
14. RIPER
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Raghavendra Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research - Autonomous
K.R.Palli Cross, Chiyyedu, Anantapuramu, A. P- 515721
Agitate as inverting the butyrometer so the three liquids are mixed
Centrifuge for 4 to 5 minutes at 1200 rpm in the Gerber centrifuge
Remove the butyrometer of the centrifuge and adjust the meniscus to
accomplish the reading.
The reading value in the scale is the result of the percent fat in the milk (%
mass / volume)
14
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Total dry extract (TDE) :
The dry extract may be defined as "all components of the milk, except water".
They determine the nutritional quality and industrial yield of the milk
products.
The Ackermann’s disk is the indirect, low cost, and more practical method to
determine the total dry extract (TDE).
16. RIPER
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Determination method :
The fat content and density are determined by conventional methods .
The demarcation of the internal disk regarding to fat content is taken to meet the
value concerning to the corrected milk density (shown in the intermediate circle) .
The reading of the value is accomplished where the arrow in the external circle is.
Such as value refers to the percent total dry extract.
17. RIPER
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K.R.Palli Cross, Chiyyedu, Anantapuramu, A. P- 515721 17
Non-fat dry extract (NFDE) :
The non-fat dry extract may be defined as being "all components of the
milk, except water and fat".
Its measure is important for verification of the water content in the milk.
It is more convenient than the total dry extract because the fat can widely
vary, therefore making the comparison a difficult one.
• Determination methods :
The non-fat dry extract is determined, by subtracting the content of fat
from the total dry extract: NFDE = TDE - fat
18. RIPER
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K.R.Palli Cross, Chiyyedu, Anantapuramu, A. P- 515721
Cryoscopy :
The cryoscopy measures the freezing point of the milk and it is the most
effective method for the determination of faking by addition of water.
The freezing point is directly related to the concentration of its water-soluble
constituents (lactose and mineral salts).
To determine the cryoscopy, the electronic cryoscope is used for analysis of
the milk, due to its reliability, although the high cost of process is well known.
For this reason, this analysis is only used for average scale.
18
19. RIPER
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K.R.Palli Cross, Chiyyedu, Anantapuramu, A. P- 515721 19
Method :
Calibrate the device with the freezing solutions before beginning the analyses. -
Take out 2.5 mL milk of the sample to be analyzed and place it into the
appropriate cryoscope tube.
Clean the electrode of the equipment with absorbent paper .
Switch on the equipment .
Wait for the thermal sign of the analysis .
Read on the digital display. The result indicates either the value of the freezing
point . depression in Hortvet degrees and the percent water .
20. RIPER
AUTONOMOUS
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SIRO- DSIR
Raghavendra Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research - Autonomous
K.R.Palli Cross, Chiyyedu, Anantapuramu, A. P- 515721
Acidity:
The acidity determination is a fundamentally important test for the industry
because it indicates the convenience or inconvenience of using the milk.
The acidity of the milk can be determined by the "Alizarol test".
Method:
- Mix 2 mL of the milk to be analyzed with 2 mL of the alizarol solution .
Observe both the coloration and texture of the mixture .
20
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K.R.Palli Cross, Chiyyedu, Anantapuramu, A. P- 515721 21
The acid milk presents a mixture where the coloration of the alizarol is
rosy (little acid) or yellow (very acid), besides presenting clots .
The normal milk presents a mixture with a brick-red coloration and
clotless .
The alkalinized milk (usually by increment of water or neutralizing
substance) presents violet coloration.
22. RIPER
AUTONOMOUS
NAAC &
NBA (UG)
SIRO- DSIR
Raghavendra Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research - Autonomous
K.R.Palli Cross, Chiyyedu, Anantapuramu, A. P- 515721
References :
Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations.
Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nation
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23. RIPER
AUTONOMOUS
NAAC &
NBA (UG)
SIRO- DSIR
Raghavendra Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research - Autonomous
K.R.Palli Cross, Chiyyedu, Anantapuramu, A. P- 515721
Thank you
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