Sharir kriya ( ayurvedic physiology) instruments

4/16/2014 Prof.Dr.R.R.Deshpande 1
Sharir Kriya( Ayurvedic Physiology)
– First BAMS
• PDEA’S College of Ayurved & Research
Center ,Nigdi Pradhikaran ,sector 25,Pune
44
• Instruments for study of Shari kriya
• Teachers & students can be benefited by
this ppt

Instruments – Sharikriya
( Ayurvedic Physiology)
• Presented By –
• Prof.Dr.R.R.Deshpande (M.D in Ayurvdic
Medicine & M.D. in Ayurvedic Physiology)
• www.ayurvedicfriend.com
• Mobile – 922 68 10 630
• Mailme.drrrdeshpande@rediffmail.com

Sharir Kriya Books as per New
Syllabus of CCIM 2012
4/16/2014 3Prof.Dr.R.R.Deshpande

Sharikriya Paper Practical Book
• As per Very New
Syllabus formed By
CCIM IN 2012
• Ayurvedic Practicals
like Prakruti,sara,Agni
• Modern
Haematological
Practicals
• CNS & CVS
Examination

Sharir Kriya Paper 1
• Book in English
• Total CCIM Syllabus
covered
• Chaukhamba Sanskrit
Pratisthan Publication
• Popular Nationwide &
In Germany also
• Dosha & Prakruti

Sharir Kriya Paper 2
• Book in English
• Total CCIM Syllabus
covered
• Chaukhamba Sanskrit
Pratisthan Publication
• Popular Nationwide &
In Germany also
• Dhatu,Mala

4/16/2014 Prof.Dr.R.R.Deshpande 74/16/2014 7
Microscope (front view)

Microscope (lateral view)

Microscope
• Monocular, Binocular (Light, Electron).
• Principle – Light rays, coming from on object
are gathered by objective lenses. Then real,
inverted, magnified images is formed by
eyepiece.
• Parts – 3 systems Support, Light, Magnification.
Base, Arm, Stage, Body tube, Condenser,
Diaphragm, Objective lenses – Low power, High
power, Oil immersion (10 X, 45x, 100X) ; Eye
pieces – 5X, 6X, 10 X, 12 X, 15 X.
4/16/2014 9

Microscope
• Adjustment low power – keep condenser
low; High power – condenser middle and
for oil immersion – condenser high up ;
•
• Plain mirror – Low power lenses, In
Natural Light and concave mirror – for
high power lens and in Artificial Light
4/16/2014 10

Plasmodium Falciparum -
Trophozites

Neubaur’s Chamber

Neubaur’s Chamber
• Principle - Neubaur’s chamber is a thick glass slide with
a platform,
which consist of rullings which are to be focused &
studied. It has two elevated bases, provided on both
sides of platform on which coverslip is placed and
counting is done.
• Parts - It has four squares at corners and central square
which
contains small 25 squares. 25 smaller squares are
further divided into 16 smallest squares
• Therefore central square consist of total 400 smallest
squares.

Neubaur’s Chamber
• Uses - 1) Four corner squares are used
for WBC counting.(Total 16 x 4 = 64
squares)
• 2) Central square is used for RBC
counting.(Total 16 x 5 = 80 squares)
• 3) This chamber is also used for sperm
counting.

Charging of Neubaur’s Chamber

Stethoscope

Stethoscope
• Stetho = chest and scope = To inspect.
Discovered by Lennace in 1816.
• Uses – To hear – Heart sounds, Respiratory
sounds, Peristaltic movements, Foetal heart
sounds, to measure B.P. by Auscultatory
method
• Parts – Chest piece, Diaphragm for low pitch
sound and Bell for high pitch sound, Conducting
tube, Ear frame, Ear piece.
4/16/2014 17

B.P Apparatus (Mercury)

B.P Apparatus (Mercury)
• Principle - The pressure of blood in
brachial artery is balanced against the
pressure in a rubber culf and then it is
measured by Sphygmomanometer.
• Parts - 1) Mercurial manometer
• 2) Mercury well / reservior
• 3) Rubber bag with linen cuff.
• 4) The rubber pump / ballon with valve.

B.P Apparatus (Anaeroid)

B.P Apparatus (Digital)

B.P Apparatus (Digital)
• Types - i) Mercurial
ii) Aneroid.
• Uses - To measure arterial B.P. by 3
methods
• a) Palpatory b) Auscultatory c) Oscillatory

Hb tube (1)

Sahli’s Haemoglobinometer

Prof.Dr.R.R.Deshpande 254/16/2014 25
Hb tube(2)
4/16/2014

Hb tube

RBC & WBC Pipettes

RBC & WBC Pipettes
• Principle - RBC and WBC pipettes have
bulbs with specific volume in which mixing
of blood and diluting fluids is
done,conveniently and accurately. This
mixed solution is used to carry out
counting of RBC and WBC.

RBC & WBC Pipettes
• Parts
• 1) Capillary stem with uniform bore.
• 2) Bulb – just above the stem is a bulb which
contain red/white beads (Beads help to mix
blood with RBC/WBC diluting fluid)
• 3) Rubber tube
• Uses - For dilution of blood with RBC or WBC
diluting fluid to count number of RBC’s and
WBC’s in 1mm3 of area.
• Note - RBC pipette marking – 0.5 – 1 – 101
• WBC pipette marking – 0.5 – 1 – 11

ESR- Westerngreen

Test tube Holder

Test Tube with Stands

Test Tubes
• Principle
• 1) Test tubes are made up of special type
of glass which can tolerate
• moderate heat during the chemical
reaction which are taking
• place in contents of test tube.
• 2) As the tubes are made up of glass,
various chemical reactionscan be
observed clearly.

Test Tubes
• Parts - 1) Test tubes are with or without rim.
• 2) For explanation of practical parts of test tubes are
• described in terms of bottom and upper part
• Uses
• 1) Test tubes are used to perform various tests in Lab
• eg. In urine practical it is used to detect sugar, albumine
• 2) Small sized tubes are used in serological examination.
• eg. • Widal test for typhoid.
• Kahn / V.D.R.L test for S.T.D (Sexually Transmitted
Diseases)

Sahli’s haemometer – For Hb

• Principle - Blood is taken in the Hb tube
and mixed with N/10 HCl.
• Brown coloured acid haematin is formed
which is
• compared with standard colour plates of
the instruments.

• Parts
• 1) Haemoglobinometer with standard
colour tubes
• 2) Hb tube - This tube has a rounded or
square bottom. This graduated tube has
red marking from 0 to 22 on one side to
indicate Hb gm percent and yellow
marking from 0 to 140 to indicate Hb
percentage.

• 3) Hb pipette - has 20 cubic millimeter
marking. Blood is taken
• up to this mark.
• 4) Stirrer 5) Droppers 6) Brush for cleaning
the tube.

• Uses
• 1) Hb tube is used to take N/10 HCl.
• 2) Hb pipette is used to take sample of blood and to mix with
• HCl.
• 3) Stirrer is used to mix blood and HCl.
• 4) Colour plates of the Haemoglobinometer are used to match
• with colour of acid haematin (after reaction of blood and HCl)
• 5) Droppers are used for taking HCl and for adding distilled water
• for diluting mixture
• 6) Brush is used to clean the tube after the experiment

ESR - Westerngreen stand

ESR – Wintrobe stand

Stands
• Principle - Various stands are used in the
Lab. The main purpose of
• stand is to keep test tubes or other tubes
vertical and
• fixed according to size and shape.
• Types - 1) Metal stands 2) Wooden
stands
• Parts - 1) Base 2) Sockets to keep the test
tubes

Stands
• Uses
• 1) To keep test tubes in vertical position.
• 2) ESR stands are used for holding
Wintrobe of Westerngreen tubes
• in upright position for accurate reading.
• 3) Kahn tubes are kept in specific stands.
• 4) For the Leishman’s staining special type
of stand is used to keep the slide for
staining purpose.

Tuning Fork

Tuning Fork
• Limbs (U shaped two parallel limbs),
Handle (foot plate),
• Numbers – 256, 512 and 1024 Hz.
• Hearing Test
• i) Voice test (Conversation & Whispered)
• ii) Tunning fork test (Rinne, Weber,
Schwabach)
• iii) Audiometry
4/16/2014 45

Tuning Fork
• Principle - Tunning fork is set into
vibration and then it is kept on mastoid
bone and then in front of ear canal and
then the vibration of sound are compared
for Bone Conduction (B.C.) and Air
Conduction. (A.C.)
• Use - To measure hearing capacity, by
comparing air conduction (A.C.) with bone
conduction (B.C.).

Ear Speculum

Ear Speculum
• Principle - Due to specific shape of
speculum and hollow cavity one can
examine – external auditory canal, ear
drum (tympanic membrane)
• Parts - This is cone shaped instrument. It
has base (broad) and end part is tapering.

Ear Speculum
• Uses - Examine Ext. Auditory canal +
Tympanic membrane, Remove wax and
foreign bodies.
• Nasal and Ear speculums are used with
head mirror and head light.
4/16/2014 50

Nasal Speculum

How to hold Nasal Speculum?

Clinical Thermometer

• Normal Body Temp. 97 – 98.5 F or 36 C to
37.5 C;
• C = F – 32 x 5 / 9
• Sites – Axilla, Mouth, Rectum, vagina;
• Parts – Bulb, constricted part, Index
• Curved surface acts as lens and magnifies
level of mercury,
• Flat surface Graduated Index
4/16/2014 54

• Principle
• Mercury expands, when it comes in contact with body
heat and so temperature can be recorded.
• Temperature depends upon – Time of the day
(Evening > Early morning)
• Sex (In female, temperature on the day of ovulation,
during M.C) Organ – In liver, max. heat is produced;
clothes – Temperature of organs covered with clothes,
is more, Exercise – After exercise temperature
4/16/2014 55

• Body temperature types
• Core Temperature (Inside) > Shell
temperature (external skin).
•
• Temperature regulating center ---
Hypothalamus
4/16/2014 56

Prof.Dr.R.R.Deshpande 574/16/2014 57
Ryle’s Tube
4/16/2014

Ryle’s Tube
• Uses – To collect Gastric contents ,for
Gastric Analysis
• To give Stomach wash in Poisoning
• For Artificial Feeding
• Parts – Flexible Polythene tube ,diameter
8 mm
4/16/2014 58

Ryle’s Tube – Markings
• 1st Mark – 40 cm from Tip –Indicates tube has
passes up to Cardiac orifice of stomach
• 2nd Mark – 50 cm – Tube is at body of stomach
• 3rd Mark – 55 cm – Tube at Pylorus of stomach
•
• 4th Mark – 65 cm – Tube has reached in
Duodenum
4/16/2014 59

Naso Gastric Tube

R.T Feeding

Vernier Calliper –
Used for Anguli Praman

Vernier Calliper
• Principle - To measure length or diameter of an
object accurately upto 0.01 cm / 0.1 mm
• Parts - 1) Jaws (To hold the object) 2) Ears
• 3) Right angled steel plate, graduated in mm
and marked in cm.
• 4) A small vernier scale, consists of N divisions
on one side of vernier.

Vernier Calliper
• Uses
• 1) Vernier calliper is used to measure
individual finger unit.(Anguli Praman)
• Finger unit is useful to check whether the
whole body or body organ are
proportionate or not.
• 2) Finger unit is also useful for study of
Marma (Vital points)

Clinical Hammer –
For Deep Reflexes

Clinical Hammer

Clinical Hammer
• Parts - Rubber pad, handle, brush;
• Principle
• By applying external stimulus to joints,
bones, tendons, skin –response in the
form of Reflex can be observed and
Neuromuscular co-ordination and reflex
arc can be examined;

Clinical Hammer
• Reflex types – Superficial, Deep, Visceral
• Superficial – Plantar, corneal, pupillary,
cremasteric, abdominal
• Deep – Bicep, Triceps, wrist, knee, Ankle
• Note - To divert the mind of the patient,
while taking reflexes, Jendrasik's manure
is applied (i.e.- asking the patient to clinch
• his teeth or tight locking of fingers of both
the hands.)

Clinical Hammer

Clinical Hammer
• Parts - 1) Rubber pad 2) Handle 3) Pointed end
4) Brush
• • Rubber pad is made up of soft rubber, having
triangular shape.This part is used to give
stimulus for eliciting reflexes.
• Metallic handle is used to hold a hammer.
• Pointed end, which is usually covered, is used
to elicit pain sensation (sensory tract). Pointed or
blunt end is used to take Babinski’s sign.
• • Brush is used to elicit touch sensation (sensory
tract).

Clinical Hammer
• Uses - To study reflexes and make
diagnosis about
• Upper motor neuron (UMN) lesion –
Exaggerated
• Lower motor neuron (LMN) lesion –
diminished.

Albunometer –
To measure Urine Albumin

Esbach’s albunometer

• Principle - Esbach’s reagent is mixed with urine and
kept for 24 hrs. Most of the proteins in the urine settle
down and albumin is detected in gms.
• Parts
• 1) This instrument is vertical instrument made up of
glass
• 2) Two marks are seen U and R. (U-urine and R-
reagent) from base upto the mark U it is graduated from
1 to 12 in gm.
• Use - To find out exact amount of protein in urine.

• Procedure - Albuminometer is filled with
urine up to the mark U.
• Then fill the Esbach reagent up to the
mark R. Close the instrument. Solutions
are mixed properly and solution is kept for
24 hours. Reading of sedimented proteins
in gm. is noted after 24 hours.

Centrifuge Machine – Used in PCV
Practical & Urine Microscopic

Centrifuge Machine

Centrifuge Machine
• Principle - To separate solid particles from liquid in
solution, with the help of high spinning speed of the
centrifuge machine.
• Parts - 1) The central shaft (Rotating part, connected to
motor)
• 2) The head (carries 4 - 6 sockets to keep test tubes)
• 3) Chamber
• 4) Lid
• 5) Centrifuge tubes (glass or plastics) - placed in
opposite sockets to counter balance.
• Types of machine - 1) Manual 2) Electric

Centrifuge Machine

Centrifuge Machine
• Uses
• 1) To separate serum from blood, for
serological tests like LFT.
• 2) To separate plasma from blood
• 3) To measure packed cell volume (PCV)
• 4) To collect sediment of urine
• (specially for microscopic examination of
urine)

RBC pipette – For RBC counting

WBC pipette – For WBC counting

Auroscope-
For Examination of External Ear

Examination of Ear by Auroscope

Herpende’s Caliper for measuring
skin fold thickness

How to measure
Skin fold thickness?

Insulin Syringe, useful to give
Insulin in Diabetic Patient

Intracath –
For giving continuous IV fluids

Needles

Compass – To Show Directions – Used
in Taila Bindu Pariksha of Urine

Compass – To Show Directions
• Used in the Taila Bindu Examination
• This Test indicates Prognosis of Disease
of Patient
• We have to check in which direction Oil
drop spreads ,when it is put in Urine
sample

Sahli’s haemometer – To Test Hb

Sphygmomanometer

Sphygmomanometer
• Riva Rocci- in 1896;
• Parts – Mercurial manometer, Rubber bag
with linen cuff, ruber pump with valve,
• Manometer – 2 limbs - long and
graduated (0 - 250 mm) and another short
and broad (well).
• Types of instrument – Mercurial,
Anaeroid.

Sphygmomanometer
(with rubber pump &cuff)

Thermometer – Digital

Needles

Urinometer –
To Test Specific Gravity of Urine

Urinometer –
To Test Specific Gravity of Urine
• Used for Testing Sp. Gr. of urine (1.012-1.025).
• Specific Gravity – Definition
• Density of a substance, which is compared with
Density of water (which is 1.0)
• Principle - Sp. Gr of urine depends upon
solutes present in urine. Increased up thrust of
solution means more Sp. Gr. !
• Parts - Steam (graduated – 1.000 at top and
1.060 at bottom), Base (rounded and heavy).

Urinometer (2)

Urinometer (2)
• Principle - Specific gravity of urine depends
upon solutes present in the urine. When solutes
in the urine increases, the specific gravity of
urine is reflected on urinometer due to increased
up thrust of solution.
• Definition of specific gravity
• Specific gravity is the density of a substance
which is compared with the density of water
(which is 1.0)

Syringe

Scalp vein set –
For giving IV Fluids

Scalp vein set
• Principle - At the time of giving
intravenous fluid (DNS, Ringer lactate, 5
% glucose) it is necessary to keep needle
in the vein for longer time. Scalp vein set
is used for this purpose.
• Parts - 1) Needle 2) Wing 3) Tube

Scalp vein set
• Scalp vein needles have the bore of size
18 to 25. 18 to 20 numbers are for adults
and 24 number is for children. BT is given
with 20 number.
• • Scalp vein needle is introduced in the
vein with rough surface of the wings facing
the body surface of the patient. Wings are
having material of soft rubber

Scalp vein set
• Tube is 30 cm long and made up of flexible
polythene. One funnel like broad end of this tube
has a lid. This lid is opened and attached to I/V
set. One end of I/V set is connected to scalp
vein set and other end to I/V fluid bottle (D.N.S.
etc).
• After discontinuing I/V fluids, scalp vein tube
again can be closed with lid. Wings are fixed on
the skin with adhesive tape.
• Scalp vein sets are available in sterile pack.

Scalp vein set
• I/V fluids like saline or Dextrose; but
sometimes due to the movements of
hands of the patient, I/V can go out. To
avoid this problem, many a times
Intracath is used.
• I/V set has outlet, chamber, and pointed
end with rubber tubing and valve with
screw.

Scalp vein set
• Uses
• 1) For blood transfusion 20 or 21 no.
needle is used.
• 2) Intra venous set (I.V set is used to give
I.V. fluids)
• common sites – i) cubital fossa,ii) dorsum
of hand

Stop watch – Used For BT,CT

Stop watch
• Principle - Because of the ability to show the
timings at the level of seconds and fraction of
seconds, the stop watch is used to know exact
period or time required to perform any test.
• Parts - 1) Circular dial, showing time 2) Knob (to
control start and stop movements)
• Now a days, digital stop watch is a better
alternative.

Stop watch
• Uses - 1) To calculate bleeding time.
(B.T.)
• 2) To calculate clotting time. (C.T.)
• 3) To conduct test in given timing.
• Eg. - Harward step test.

Wintrobe bulb–
Collecting Blood for Haemogram

Syringe with needle

Syringe with needle
• Syringe – Barrel, plunger;
• Needle – Bevel, shaft, hub,
• Uses – To give I.M. or I. V. Injections OR to
take out the Blood,
• Number of Needles and uses – No. 18, 19 – To
take out blood or to give thick injections like Inj
Penidure LA 12, 24 for syphilis, No. 21 Oily Inj.
No 22, 23 – Watery Inj, No-24 – For children ;
Syringes – 2 CC, 5CC, 10 CC, 20 CC, 50 cc.

Syringe with needle
• Types
• Disposable syringes and needles, scalp
vein set (IV set), Insulin syringe and
needle, Glycerine syringe (for giving
Glycerine ),Lumber puncture Needle
• Sites for giving injection Triceps muscle,
Gluteus muscle, Ant. abdominal wall –
Subcutaneous (Rabies), Lt. arm – Origin
of Deltoid muscle (BCG)

Lumber Puncture Neddle –
For taking CSF sample

Site & Position for
Lumber Puncture

Portable ECG Machine

Cushco’s Vaginal Speculum for Per
vaginal Examination

Tonometer – To Examine Pressure of
Eyeball to rule out Glaucoma

Tongue Depressor curved –
For examining Throat

Tongue Depressor Straight

Tunning Fork of different frequencies from
256 to 1024 – For doing Hearing Tests

Urinary Catheters –
To remove urine from bladder

Prof.Dr.R.R.Deshpande
• Prof.Dr.R.R.Deshpande
• www.ayurvedicfriend.com
• Mobile – 922 68 10 630
• Mail ID –
mailme.drrrdeshpande@rediffmail.com
• professordeshpande@gmail.com

Ayurved for General Practioner
• Very very popular
Book in Medical
Practioners
• 100 common
symptoms of General
Practice with
causes,Investigations
& Ayurvedic
Treatments

Clinical Examination
• Systemic Examination
of 8 systems
• Ayurvedic Srotas
Examination
• Clinical significance of
Lab Tests &
Radiology,USG,2D
Echo

Notes on Medicine Part 1
• Very very useful Book
for all Medical
Practioners
• Guidelines with
causes,symptoms,Ay
urvedic & Modern
Treatments to treat
Fever,Pain in
Abdomen & Arthritis

Best Book for
Medical Students & Practioners

Preventive Cardiology
& Ayurvedic Management
• Best Book for GP
• All cardiac problems
like
Hypertention,CCF,
Angina,Myocardial
Infarct are discussed
with Ayurvedic
Management
Contact -922 68 10 630

Digestive Problems
& Ayurvedic Management
• All Digestive
problems like
Acidity,Pain in
abdomen,
• Constipation ,colitis
are discussed with
Ayurvedic
Management
Contact -922 68 10 630

Gynaecological Problems &
Ayurvedic Management
• All Gynaecological
problems like Heavy
bleeding,White
discharge,Infertility,ca
ncer are discussed
with Ayurvedic
Management
Contact -922 68 10 630

Arthritis,Backache &
Ayurvedic Management
• All Joint problems
like Rheumatoid
Arthritis,Osteoarthritis
,Backache are
discussed with
Ayurvedic
Management
Contact -922 68 10 630

Neurological Problems & Ayurvedic
Management
• All Neurological
problems like
Headache,Epilepsy,Al
zeimer’s Disease are
discussed with
Ayurvedic
Management
Contact -922 68 10 630

Ayurvedic Concept of Diet
& Nutrition
• Dietary Advice
according to Prakruti
,Dietary prescriptions
for many diseases are
given
• Contact -922 68 10
630

Prof.Dr.Deshpande’s
Popular Links on Internet
• Just Start Internet on Desk top or Lap top
or on your mobile . Copy Following Link &
Paste as Web address –URL
• http://www.youtube.com/user/deshpande1
959
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Popular Links on Internet
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or on your mobile . Copy Following Link &
Paste as Web address –URL
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