Shaper Machine
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A shaper is a machine tool used to machine flat surfaces and features. It has a reciprocating ram with a single-point cutting tool that can machine horizontal, vertical, or inclined surfaces by moving the table or tool head. Shapers are classified based on their driving mechanism, ram position, table design, and cutting stroke type. The key components are the base, column, cross rail, saddle, table, ram, and tool head. Shapers are used to machine various flat surfaces like horizontal, vertical, angular, as well as features like slots, grooves, and keyways.
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Milling machines are versatile machines used for cutting metal. There are two main types - horizontal and vertical milling machines, distinguished by the orientation of the spindle. Milling machines can cut flat surfaces and irregular shapes using tools like end mills and face mills. They are widely used in manufacturing for machining parts and are capable of complex operations like gear cutting. The key parameters for milling are spindle speed, feed rate, depth of cut, and cutter rotation direction which must be optimized for efficient material removal.
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This document provides information about three types of machine tools: shaper, slotter, and planer. It describes their main parts and functions. A shaper cuts flat surfaces using a reciprocating single-point cutting tool. A slotter shapes vertical surfaces in a reciprocating ram. A planer cuts flat surfaces using horizontal strokes of a cutting tool across a workpiece. The document outlines the key differences between a shaper and planer.
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Shaper Machine
- 1. Shaper - Types of operations.
- 2. SHAPER Shaper, planner and slotter are used for machining flat surface which may be horizontal, vertical or inclined surfaces. Single point cutting tools are mainly used in these machines. Drilling, grinding, boring, milling and broaching machines are not used for machining flat surfaces but they are performing specific operations by using a multi point cutting tool
- 3. PRINCIPLE OF OPERATION The shaper having a reciprocating type of machine tool with single point cutting tool is used to produce flat surfaces. It has the three important parts such as Table Tool head Ram
- 4. MACHINING THE VARIOUS TYPE OF FLAT SURFACES The table is moved cross wise direction to machine the horizontal surfaces. The tool head is moved perpendicular to the table in downward direction to machine the vertical surfaces. The tool head is fed at an angle to produce inclined surfaces.
- 5. CLASSIFICATION OF SHAPER According to the type of driving mechanism Crank drive type Whit worth driving mechanism Hydraulic drive type According to the position of ram Horizontal shaper Vertical shaper Travelling head shaper According to the table design Plain shaper Universal shaper According to the type of cutting stroke Push out type Draw cut type
- 6. PRINCIPLE PARTS OF A SHAPER The different parts of a shaper are listed Base Column Cross rail Saddle Table Ram Tool head
- 8. TOOL HEAD
- 9. SHAPER SPECIFICATION Maximum length of stroke Maximum crosswise movement of the table Maximum vertical adjustment of the table Type of driving mechanism Power of the motor Available speed and feed Type of shaper-plain or universal Floor space required Total weight of the shaper Ratio of cutting stroke time and return stroke time
- 10. TYPE OF QUICK RETURN MECHANISM The following are three types of quick return mechanism Hydraulic drive Crank and slotted link mechanism Whit worth quick return mechanism
- 11. Hydraulic drive
- 12. Crank and slotted link mechanism
- 14. Whit worth quick return mechanism
- 15. FEED MECHANISM OF SHAPER
- 17. SHAPER OPERATIONS Machining horizontal surface Machining vertical surface Machining angular surface Machining slots, grooves and keyways Machining irregular surfaces
- 21. Machining slots, grooves and keyways