2. SHAPER MACHINE
Reciprocating type of machine tool with single point cutting
tool is used to produce flat surfaces
Three significant feature of shaper machine:
Ram
Tool head
Table
Forward stroke – Cutting stroke
Return stroke – Idle stroke
3. MACHINING VARIOUS TYPES OF FLAT SURFACES
Table cross-wise direction – Horizontal surfaces
Tool head – perpendicular downward – Vertical
surfaces
Tool head fed at an angle – inclined surfaces
4. Classification of Shaper
Position of ram travel
• Horizontal Shaper- Ram holding the cutting tool moves in horizontal plane
• Vertical Shaper-The cutting tool moves in vertical plane
• Traveling head Shaper-Cutting tool reciprocates & moves cross wise simultaneously
Cutting Stroke action
Push out type Shaper- Standard Shaper.
• Metal is removed when the ram moves away from column
• Most common type used in practice
• Unless otherwise specified, the term shaper refers to Push type Shaper
Draw cut type Shaper
• Metal is removed when the tool is drawn towards the column
• Allows heavier cuts to be made
• Less vibration during cutting
5. Classification of Shaper
Driving Mechanism:
Crank and slotted link mechanism
Whitworth quick return mechanism
Hydraulic drive Shaper - Driven by oil pressure developed by a pump, which is run by an electric motor
Table Design:
Standard shaper- Work Table can be moved
1.Vertically & 2. Horizontally
Universal Shaper- Table can be moved
1. Horizontally 2. Vertically 3. Swiveled & 4. Tilted (This is mostly used in Tool Rooms)
23. Hole Making Process
Drilling:
Drilling is a cutting process that uses a drill bit to cut or enlarge a hole of circular cross-
section in solid materials.
24. Hole Making Process
Reaming:
A reamer is a type of rotary cutting tool used in metalworking. Precision reamers
are designed to enlarge the size of a previously formed hole by a small amount
but with a high degree of accuracy to leave smooth sides.
25. Hole Making Process
Boring:
In machining, boring is the process of enlarging a hole that has already been
drilled (or cast), by means of a single-point cutting tool (or of a boring head
containing several such tools), for example as in boring a gun barrel or an engine
cylinder.
26. Hole Making Process
Tapping:
A tap cuts threads on the inside of a hole, to accept a machine screw or bolt.
29. PORTABLE DRILLING MACHINE
Portable drilling machine can be carried and used anywhere in the workshop.
It is used for drilling holes on work pieces in any position, which is not possible in
a standard drilling machine.
The entire drilling mechanism is compact and small in size and so can be carried
anywhere.
This type of machine is widely adapted for automobile built-up work. The motor is
generally universal type.
These machines can accommodate drills from 12mm to 18 mm diameter.
Portable drilling machines are operated at higher speeds.
