This document discusses human sexuality, reproductive health, and sexual development. It defines sexuality as encompassing feelings, attitudes, and behaviors related to being male or female. Sexuality develops from birth through adulthood as one explores relationships and responds to cultural norms. Reproductive health involves the ability to have safe and satisfying sexual experiences and decide if and when to reproduce. Sexual health requires respecting one's own sexuality and others'. The document then outlines human sexual response and characteristics of sexual health.
In this PPT i have discussed regarding sexuality and sexual health. The sub topics covered under sexuality and sexual health are as under:
1) Introduction
2) Definition of sexuality, human sexuality and sexual health
3) Importance of sexual health
4) Components of sexual health
5) Factor affecting sexual health
1. INTRODUCTION: All humans are sexual beings. Regardless of gender, age, race, socioeconomic status, religious beliefs, physical and mental health, or other demographic factors, we express our sexuality in a variety of ways throughout our lives.
2. Meaning and Definition on Sexuality:
1. Capacity for sexual feelings.
2. A person's sexual orientation or preference.
3. The condition of having sex
4. Sexual activity
5. Expression of sexual receptivity or interest especially when excessive
3.Sexuality:
Sexuality the working definition of sexuality is:
“…a central aspect of being human throughout life encompasses sex, gender identities and roles, sexual orientation, eroticism, pleasure, intimacy and reproduction.
Sexuality is experienced and expressed in thoughts, fantasies, desires, beliefs, attitudes, values, behaviours, practices, roles and relationships.
While sexuality can include all of these dimensions, not all of them are always experienced or expressed. Sexuality is influenced by the interaction of biological, psychological, social, economic, political, cultural, legal, historical, religious and spiritual factors.”
(WHO, 2006a)
4.Development of sexuality
At birth: gender assigned. It is common for 18 months old to play with genitals
3years: gender identification. Kids explore and fondle
4-5years: Normal to masturbate
School age: gender role behaviour is learned
6-12years: Identification with gender parent, both parents & kids have concerns & questions about sexuality & reproduction.
"Introduction to Human Sexuality" by Clinical Sexologist Dr. Martha Tara Lee of Eros Coaching for "Symposium - Sex and the Spine: All You Ever Wanted to Know about Sex and the Spine but Were Afraid to Ask" by NSpine as part of SpineWeek, at Marina Bay Sands Expo & Convention Centre on Mon 16 May 2016.
Dr Martha Tara Lee is Founder and Clinical Sexologist of Eros Coaching since 2009. She is a certified sexologist with ACS (American College of Sexologists), as well as a certified sexuality educator with AASECT (American Association of Sexuality Educators, Counselors, and Therapists). Martha holds a Doctorate in Human Sexuality as well as Certificates in Sex Therapy, Practical Counselling and Life Coaching. She was recognised as one of ‘Top 50 Inspiring Women under 40′ by Her World Singapore in July 2010 and ‘Top 100 Inspiring Women by CozyCot Singapore in March 2011. Website: http://www.eroscoaching.com.
Human sexuality is the way people experience & express themselves sexuality. This involves biological, erotic, physical, emotional, social, or spiritual feelings and behaviors. Physical and emotional aspects of sexuality include bonds between individuals that are expressed through profound feelings or physical manifestations of love, trust, and care. Social aspects deal with the effects of human society on one's sexuality, while spirituality concerns an individual's spiritual connection with others. Sexuality also affects and is affected by cultural, political, legal, philosophical, moral, ethical, and religious aspects of life
In this PPT i have discussed regarding sexuality and sexual health. The sub topics covered under sexuality and sexual health are as under:
1) Introduction
2) Definition of sexuality, human sexuality and sexual health
3) Importance of sexual health
4) Components of sexual health
5) Factor affecting sexual health
1. INTRODUCTION: All humans are sexual beings. Regardless of gender, age, race, socioeconomic status, religious beliefs, physical and mental health, or other demographic factors, we express our sexuality in a variety of ways throughout our lives.
2. Meaning and Definition on Sexuality:
1. Capacity for sexual feelings.
2. A person's sexual orientation or preference.
3. The condition of having sex
4. Sexual activity
5. Expression of sexual receptivity or interest especially when excessive
3.Sexuality:
Sexuality the working definition of sexuality is:
“…a central aspect of being human throughout life encompasses sex, gender identities and roles, sexual orientation, eroticism, pleasure, intimacy and reproduction.
Sexuality is experienced and expressed in thoughts, fantasies, desires, beliefs, attitudes, values, behaviours, practices, roles and relationships.
While sexuality can include all of these dimensions, not all of them are always experienced or expressed. Sexuality is influenced by the interaction of biological, psychological, social, economic, political, cultural, legal, historical, religious and spiritual factors.”
(WHO, 2006a)
4.Development of sexuality
At birth: gender assigned. It is common for 18 months old to play with genitals
3years: gender identification. Kids explore and fondle
4-5years: Normal to masturbate
School age: gender role behaviour is learned
6-12years: Identification with gender parent, both parents & kids have concerns & questions about sexuality & reproduction.
"Introduction to Human Sexuality" by Clinical Sexologist Dr. Martha Tara Lee of Eros Coaching for "Symposium - Sex and the Spine: All You Ever Wanted to Know about Sex and the Spine but Were Afraid to Ask" by NSpine as part of SpineWeek, at Marina Bay Sands Expo & Convention Centre on Mon 16 May 2016.
Dr Martha Tara Lee is Founder and Clinical Sexologist of Eros Coaching since 2009. She is a certified sexologist with ACS (American College of Sexologists), as well as a certified sexuality educator with AASECT (American Association of Sexuality Educators, Counselors, and Therapists). Martha holds a Doctorate in Human Sexuality as well as Certificates in Sex Therapy, Practical Counselling and Life Coaching. She was recognised as one of ‘Top 50 Inspiring Women under 40′ by Her World Singapore in July 2010 and ‘Top 100 Inspiring Women by CozyCot Singapore in March 2011. Website: http://www.eroscoaching.com.
Human sexuality is the way people experience & express themselves sexuality. This involves biological, erotic, physical, emotional, social, or spiritual feelings and behaviors. Physical and emotional aspects of sexuality include bonds between individuals that are expressed through profound feelings or physical manifestations of love, trust, and care. Social aspects deal with the effects of human society on one's sexuality, while spirituality concerns an individual's spiritual connection with others. Sexuality also affects and is affected by cultural, political, legal, philosophical, moral, ethical, and religious aspects of life
Infertility is defined as not being able to get pregnant despite having frequent, unprotected sex for at least a year for most couples. Infertility may result from an issue with either you or your partner, or a combination of factors that prevent pregnancy.
Infertility is defined as not being able to get pregnant despite having frequent, unprotected sex for at least a year for most couples. Infertility may result from an issue with either you or your partner, or a combination of factors that prevent pregnancy.
Normal and abnormal behavioural sexual development in childhood & adolesc...ismail sadek
sexual behaviour in children has marked interest to both family and professional health care team what is normal, when to take care and when to need intervention
Title: Sense of Smell
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the primary categories of smells and the concept of odor blindness.
Explain the structure and location of the olfactory membrane and mucosa, including the types and roles of cells involved in olfaction.
Describe the pathway and mechanisms of olfactory signal transmission from the olfactory receptors to the brain.
Illustrate the biochemical cascade triggered by odorant binding to olfactory receptors, including the role of G-proteins and second messengers in generating an action potential.
Identify different types of olfactory disorders such as anosmia, hyposmia, hyperosmia, and dysosmia, including their potential causes.
Key Topics:
Olfactory Genes:
3% of the human genome accounts for olfactory genes.
400 genes for odorant receptors.
Olfactory Membrane:
Located in the superior part of the nasal cavity.
Medially: Folds downward along the superior septum.
Laterally: Folds over the superior turbinate and upper surface of the middle turbinate.
Total surface area: 5-10 square centimeters.
Olfactory Mucosa:
Olfactory Cells: Bipolar nerve cells derived from the CNS (100 million), with 4-25 olfactory cilia per cell.
Sustentacular Cells: Produce mucus and maintain ionic and molecular environment.
Basal Cells: Replace worn-out olfactory cells with an average lifespan of 1-2 months.
Bowman’s Gland: Secretes mucus.
Stimulation of Olfactory Cells:
Odorant dissolves in mucus and attaches to receptors on olfactory cilia.
Involves a cascade effect through G-proteins and second messengers, leading to depolarization and action potential generation in the olfactory nerve.
Quality of a Good Odorant:
Small (3-20 Carbon atoms), volatile, water-soluble, and lipid-soluble.
Facilitated by odorant-binding proteins in mucus.
Membrane Potential and Action Potential:
Resting membrane potential: -55mV.
Action potential frequency in the olfactory nerve increases with odorant strength.
Adaptation Towards the Sense of Smell:
Rapid adaptation within the first second, with further slow adaptation.
Psychological adaptation greater than receptor adaptation, involving feedback inhibition from the central nervous system.
Primary Sensations of Smell:
Camphoraceous, Musky, Floral, Pepperminty, Ethereal, Pungent, Putrid.
Odor Detection Threshold:
Examples: Hydrogen sulfide (0.0005 ppm), Methyl-mercaptan (0.002 ppm).
Some toxic substances are odorless at lethal concentrations.
Characteristics of Smell:
Odor blindness for single substances due to lack of appropriate receptor protein.
Behavioral and emotional influences of smell.
Transmission of Olfactory Signals:
From olfactory cells to glomeruli in the olfactory bulb, involving lateral inhibition.
Primitive, less old, and new olfactory systems with different path
Report Back from SGO 2024: What’s the Latest in Cervical Cancer?bkling
Are you curious about what’s new in cervical cancer research or unsure what the findings mean? Join Dr. Emily Ko, a gynecologic oncologist at Penn Medicine, to learn about the latest updates from the Society of Gynecologic Oncology (SGO) 2024 Annual Meeting on Women’s Cancer. Dr. Ko will discuss what the research presented at the conference means for you and answer your questions about the new developments.
New Directions in Targeted Therapeutic Approaches for Older Adults With Mantl...i3 Health
i3 Health is pleased to make the speaker slides from this activity available for use as a non-accredited self-study or teaching resource.
This slide deck presented by Dr. Kami Maddocks, Professor-Clinical in the Division of Hematology and
Associate Division Director for Ambulatory Operations
The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, will provide insight into new directions in targeted therapeutic approaches for older adults with mantle cell lymphoma.
STATEMENT OF NEED
Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is a rare, aggressive B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) accounting for 5% to 7% of all lymphomas. Its prognosis ranges from indolent disease that does not require treatment for years to very aggressive disease, which is associated with poor survival (Silkenstedt et al, 2021). Typically, MCL is diagnosed at advanced stage and in older patients who cannot tolerate intensive therapy (NCCN, 2022). Although recent advances have slightly increased remission rates, recurrence and relapse remain very common, leading to a median overall survival between 3 and 6 years (LLS, 2021). Though there are several effective options, progress is still needed towards establishing an accepted frontline approach for MCL (Castellino et al, 2022). Treatment selection and management of MCL are complicated by the heterogeneity of prognosis, advanced age and comorbidities of patients, and lack of an established standard approach for treatment, making it vital that clinicians be familiar with the latest research and advances in this area. In this activity chaired by Michael Wang, MD, Professor in the Department of Lymphoma & Myeloma at MD Anderson Cancer Center, expert faculty will discuss prognostic factors informing treatment, the promising results of recent trials in new therapeutic approaches, and the implications of treatment resistance in therapeutic selection for MCL.
Target Audience
Hematology/oncology fellows, attending faculty, and other health care professionals involved in the treatment of patients with mantle cell lymphoma (MCL).
Learning Objectives
1.) Identify clinical and biological prognostic factors that can guide treatment decision making for older adults with MCL
2.) Evaluate emerging data on targeted therapeutic approaches for treatment-naive and relapsed/refractory MCL and their applicability to older adults
3.) Assess mechanisms of resistance to targeted therapies for MCL and their implications for treatment selection
Lung Cancer: Artificial Intelligence, Synergetics, Complex System Analysis, S...Oleg Kshivets
RESULTS: Overall life span (LS) was 2252.1±1742.5 days and cumulative 5-year survival (5YS) reached 73.2%, 10 years – 64.8%, 20 years – 42.5%. 513 LCP lived more than 5 years (LS=3124.6±1525.6 days), 148 LCP – more than 10 years (LS=5054.4±1504.1 days).199 LCP died because of LC (LS=562.7±374.5 days). 5YS of LCP after bi/lobectomies was significantly superior in comparison with LCP after pneumonectomies (78.1% vs.63.7%, P=0.00001 by log-rank test). AT significantly improved 5YS (66.3% vs. 34.8%) (P=0.00000 by log-rank test) only for LCP with N1-2. Cox modeling displayed that 5YS of LCP significantly depended on: phase transition (PT) early-invasive LC in terms of synergetics, PT N0—N12, cell ratio factors (ratio between cancer cells- CC and blood cells subpopulations), G1-3, histology, glucose, AT, blood cell circuit, prothrombin index, heparin tolerance, recalcification time (P=0.000-0.038). Neural networks, genetic algorithm selection and bootstrap simulation revealed relationships between 5YS and PT early-invasive LC (rank=1), PT N0—N12 (rank=2), thrombocytes/CC (3), erythrocytes/CC (4), eosinophils/CC (5), healthy cells/CC (6), lymphocytes/CC (7), segmented neutrophils/CC (8), stick neutrophils/CC (9), monocytes/CC (10); leucocytes/CC (11). Correct prediction of 5YS was 100% by neural networks computing (area under ROC curve=1.0; error=0.0).
CONCLUSIONS: 5YS of LCP after radical procedures significantly depended on: 1) PT early-invasive cancer; 2) PT N0--N12; 3) cell ratio factors; 4) blood cell circuit; 5) biochemical factors; 6) hemostasis system; 7) AT; 8) LC characteristics; 9) LC cell dynamics; 10) surgery type: lobectomy/pneumonectomy; 11) anthropometric data. Optimal diagnosis and treatment strategies for LC are: 1) screening and early detection of LC; 2) availability of experienced thoracic surgeons because of complexity of radical procedures; 3) aggressive en block surgery and adequate lymph node dissection for completeness; 4) precise prediction; 5) adjuvant chemoimmunoradiotherapy for LCP with unfavorable prognosis.
These simplified slides by Dr. Sidra Arshad present an overview of the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract.
Learning objectives:
1. Enlist the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract
2. Briefly explain how these functions are carried out
3. Discuss the significance of dead space
4. Differentiate between minute ventilation and alveolar ventilation
5. Describe the cough and sneeze reflexes
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 39, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 34, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
3. Chapter 17, Human Physiology by Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
4. Non-respiratory functions of the lungs https://academic.oup.com/bjaed/article/13/3/98/278874
Flu Vaccine Alert in Bangalore Karnatakaaddon Scans
As flu season approaches, health officials in Bangalore, Karnataka, are urging residents to get their flu vaccinations. The seasonal flu, while common, can lead to severe health complications, particularly for vulnerable populations such as young children, the elderly, and those with underlying health conditions.
Dr. Vidisha Kumari, a leading epidemiologist in Bangalore, emphasizes the importance of getting vaccinated. "The flu vaccine is our best defense against the influenza virus. It not only protects individuals but also helps prevent the spread of the virus in our communities," he says.
This year, the flu season is expected to coincide with a potential increase in other respiratory illnesses. The Karnataka Health Department has launched an awareness campaign highlighting the significance of flu vaccinations. They have set up multiple vaccination centers across Bangalore, making it convenient for residents to receive their shots.
To encourage widespread vaccination, the government is also collaborating with local schools, workplaces, and community centers to facilitate vaccination drives. Special attention is being given to ensuring that the vaccine is accessible to all, including marginalized communities who may have limited access to healthcare.
Residents are reminded that the flu vaccine is safe and effective. Common side effects are mild and may include soreness at the injection site, mild fever, or muscle aches. These side effects are generally short-lived and far less severe than the flu itself.
Healthcare providers are also stressing the importance of continuing COVID-19 precautions. Wearing masks, practicing good hand hygiene, and maintaining social distancing are still crucial, especially in crowded places.
Protect yourself and your loved ones by getting vaccinated. Together, we can help keep Bangalore healthy and safe this flu season. For more information on vaccination centers and schedules, residents can visit the Karnataka Health Department’s official website or follow their social media pages.
Stay informed, stay safe, and get your flu shot today!
Tom Selleck Health: A Comprehensive Look at the Iconic Actor’s Wellness Journeygreendigital
Tom Selleck, an enduring figure in Hollywood. has captivated audiences for decades with his rugged charm, iconic moustache. and memorable roles in television and film. From his breakout role as Thomas Magnum in Magnum P.I. to his current portrayal of Frank Reagan in Blue Bloods. Selleck's career has spanned over 50 years. But beyond his professional achievements. fans have often been curious about Tom Selleck Health. especially as he has aged in the public eye.
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Introduction
Many have been interested in Tom Selleck health. not only because of his enduring presence on screen but also because of the challenges. and lifestyle choices he has faced and made over the years. This article delves into the various aspects of Tom Selleck health. exploring his fitness regimen, diet, mental health. and the challenges he has encountered as he ages. We'll look at how he maintains his well-being. the health issues he has faced, and his approach to ageing .
Early Life and Career
Childhood and Athletic Beginnings
Tom Selleck was born on January 29, 1945, in Detroit, Michigan, and grew up in Sherman Oaks, California. From an early age, he was involved in sports, particularly basketball. which played a significant role in his physical development. His athletic pursuits continued into college. where he attended the University of Southern California (USC) on a basketball scholarship. This early involvement in sports laid a strong foundation for his physical health and disciplined lifestyle.
Transition to Acting
Selleck's transition from an athlete to an actor came with its physical demands. His first significant role in "Magnum P.I." required him to perform various stunts and maintain a fit appearance. This role, which he played from 1980 to 1988. necessitated a rigorous fitness routine to meet the show's demands. setting the stage for his long-term commitment to health and wellness.
Fitness Regimen
Workout Routine
Tom Selleck health and fitness regimen has evolved. adapting to his changing roles and age. During his "Magnum, P.I." days. Selleck's workouts were intense and focused on building and maintaining muscle mass. His routine included weightlifting, cardiovascular exercises. and specific training for the stunts he performed on the show.
Selleck adjusted his fitness routine as he aged to suit his body's needs. Today, his workouts focus on maintaining flexibility, strength, and cardiovascular health. He incorporates low-impact exercises such as swimming, walking, and light weightlifting. This balanced approach helps him stay fit without putting undue strain on his joints and muscles.
Importance of Flexibility and Mobility
In recent years, Selleck has emphasized the importance of flexibility and mobility in his fitness regimen. Understanding the natural decline in muscle mass and joint flexibility with age. he includes stretching and yoga in his routine. These practices help prevent injuries, improve posture, and maintain mobilit
Ethanol (CH3CH2OH), or beverage alcohol, is a two-carbon alcohol
that is rapidly distributed in the body and brain. Ethanol alters many
neurochemical systems and has rewarding and addictive properties. It
is the oldest recreational drug and likely contributes to more morbidity,
mortality, and public health costs than all illicit drugs combined. The
5th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
(DSM-5) integrates alcohol abuse and alcohol dependence into a single
disorder called alcohol use disorder (AUD), with mild, moderate,
and severe subclassifications (American Psychiatric Association, 2013).
In the DSM-5, all types of substance abuse and dependence have been
combined into a single substance use disorder (SUD) on a continuum
from mild to severe. A diagnosis of AUD requires that at least two of
the 11 DSM-5 behaviors be present within a 12-month period (mild
AUD: 2–3 criteria; moderate AUD: 4–5 criteria; severe AUD: 6–11 criteria).
The four main behavioral effects of AUD are impaired control over
drinking, negative social consequences, risky use, and altered physiological
effects (tolerance, withdrawal). This chapter presents an overview
of the prevalence and harmful consequences of AUD in the U.S.,
the systemic nature of the disease, neurocircuitry and stages of AUD,
comorbidities, fetal alcohol spectrum disorders, genetic risk factors, and
pharmacotherapies for AUD.
- Video recording of this lecture in English language: https://youtu.be/lK81BzxMqdo
- Video recording of this lecture in Arabic language: https://youtu.be/Ve4P0COk9OI
- Link to download the book free: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/nephrotube-nephrology-books.html
- Link to NephroTube website: www.NephroTube.com
- Link to NephroTube social media accounts: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/join-nephrotube-on-social-media.html
Title: Sense of Taste
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the structure and function of taste buds.
Describe the relationship between the taste threshold and taste index of common substances.
Explain the chemical basis and signal transduction of taste perception for each type of primary taste sensation.
Recognize different abnormalities of taste perception and their causes.
Key Topics:
Significance of Taste Sensation:
Differentiation between pleasant and harmful food
Influence on behavior
Selection of food based on metabolic needs
Receptors of Taste:
Taste buds on the tongue
Influence of sense of smell, texture of food, and pain stimulation (e.g., by pepper)
Primary and Secondary Taste Sensations:
Primary taste sensations: Sweet, Sour, Salty, Bitter, Umami
Chemical basis and signal transduction mechanisms for each taste
Taste Threshold and Index:
Taste threshold values for Sweet (sucrose), Salty (NaCl), Sour (HCl), and Bitter (Quinine)
Taste index relationship: Inversely proportional to taste threshold
Taste Blindness:
Inability to taste certain substances, particularly thiourea compounds
Example: Phenylthiocarbamide
Structure and Function of Taste Buds:
Composition: Epithelial cells, Sustentacular/Supporting cells, Taste cells, Basal cells
Features: Taste pores, Taste hairs/microvilli, and Taste nerve fibers
Location of Taste Buds:
Found in papillae of the tongue (Fungiform, Circumvallate, Foliate)
Also present on the palate, tonsillar pillars, epiglottis, and proximal esophagus
Mechanism of Taste Stimulation:
Interaction of taste substances with receptors on microvilli
Signal transduction pathways for Umami, Sweet, Bitter, Sour, and Salty tastes
Taste Sensitivity and Adaptation:
Decrease in sensitivity with age
Rapid adaptation of taste sensation
Role of Saliva in Taste:
Dissolution of tastants to reach receptors
Washing away the stimulus
Taste Preferences and Aversions:
Mechanisms behind taste preference and aversion
Influence of receptors and neural pathways
Impact of Sensory Nerve Damage:
Degeneration of taste buds if the sensory nerve fiber is cut
Abnormalities of Taste Detection:
Conditions: Ageusia, Hypogeusia, Dysgeusia (parageusia)
Causes: Nerve damage, neurological disorders, infections, poor oral hygiene, adverse drug effects, deficiencies, aging, tobacco use, altered neurotransmitter levels
Neurotransmitters and Taste Threshold:
Effects of serotonin (5-HT) and norepinephrine (NE) on taste sensitivity
Supertasters:
25% of the population with heightened sensitivity to taste, especially bitterness
Increased number of fungiform papillae
1. Sexuality & reproduction
Learning objectives
After completing this chapter, you will be able
to;
• Define sexuality
• Define reproductive health
• Discuss how sexuality develops
• Define gender identity
• List components of sexual identity
• Discuss how humans respond to sexuality
• List characteristics of sexual health
2. • Sexuality is a complex human characteristic
that refers not just to genital sex but to all the
aspects of being male or female, including
feelings, attitudes, beliefs, and behavior.
• It is an essential part of one’s personality.
• Sexuality is a pervasive aspect of the total self
from birth to death and is an important aspect
of health for people of all ages.
• Sexuality includes a person’s attitudes toward
relationships with people of the same sex,
relationships with those of the opposite sex.
• The ways people dress, talk, and relate to
others are indicators of their sexuality.
3. Reproduction, process whereby all living
organisms produce offspring.
• Reproductive Health is a state of complete
physical, mental and social well-being and
not merely the absence of diseases of
infirmity, in all maters related to the
reproductive system and its functions and
processes.
4. Characteristics of RH
People are able to have:-
a satisfying and safe sex life
capability to reproduce and the freedom
to decide
right to be informed and have access to
safe, effective, affordable and acceptable
methods for the regulation of fertility
right to access to appropriate health care
services for safe pregnancy and childbirth
and healthy infants
5. •Sexual Health is a state of complete
physical, mental and social well-being in
relation to sexuality, it is not merely the
absence of diseases dysfunction or
infirmity.
•Sexual Health needs:
– Positive and respectful approach to
sexuality and sexual relationships
– Having pleasure sexual experience that are
free of coercion, discrimination, and
violence
– Sexual rights of all individuals to be
respected, protected, and satisfied.
6. • There are no universally accepted sexual
values.
• For example, a sexual practice that is
considered normal in one culture may be
prohibited in another culture.
7. Sex roles are culturally determined patterns
associated with being male and female.
• These patterns are developed as a result of
cultural expectations, customs, norms, habits,
and traditions.
• E.g Infant boys and infant girls are talked to,
handled, and, many times, dressed
differently.
• In many cultures, the role of the man is to be
strong and protective, whereas the woman is
expected to be passive and nurturing.
8. Gender Identity
• Gender refers to the economic, social and
cultural attributes and opportunities
associated with being male or female in a
particular social setting at a particular point
in time.
• It is how the person decides to express
sexuality in behaviors with others of the same
and opposite sex.
• This perspective on one’s sexuality is not
inborn but rather evolves throughout the life
span and may vary according to cultural
expectations and preferences
9. Development of Sexuality
A. Prenatal Sexual Development
• Physiological sexual development begins
with conception.
• About six weeks after conception, if a Y
chromosome is present in the embryo's cells
(as it is in normal males), a gene on the
chromosome directs the undifferentiated
gonads to become testes.
• If the Y chromosome is not present (as in
normal females), the undifferentiated gonads
will become ovaries.
10. B. Childhood
•Infancy- period from birth to about 2
years of age.
•Childhood –period from 2 years of age
to 12-14 years of age.
•After birth, the process of sex-role
socialization begins immediately.
•It is common for children to touch or
play with their genitals or to play
games, such as “doctor” or “house,”
that include sexual exploration.
11. • Such experiences are usually not labeled
sexual by the children.
• Adults will often discourage such behavior
and respond negatively to it.
• Generally by the age of six or seven, children
develop a sense of privacy and are aware of
social restrictions on sexual expression.
• As the first bodily changes of puberty begin,
sometime from the age of 8 to the age of 12,
the child may become self-conscious and
more private.
12. C. Adolescence
• Stage of maturation between childhood and
adulthood.
• Puberty typically begins in girls from 8 to 12
years of age, whereas boys start about two years
later.
• The first menstruation and first ejaculation are
often considered the most important events of
puberty.
• The term denotes the period from the beginning
of puberty to maturity; it usually starts at about
age 14 in males and age 12 in females.
• The transition to adulthood varies among
cultures, but it is generally defined as the time
when individuals begin to function
independently of their parents.
13. D. Adulthood
• More permanent relationships, in the form of
marriage or cohabitation, become prevalent.
• As people age, they may experience physical
changes, illnesses, or emotional upheavals,
such as the loss of a partner, that can lead to a
decline in sexual interest and behavior.
14. • In women, there is a gradual decline in the
function of the ovaries and in the
production of estrogen.
The average age at which menopause (the
end of the menstrual cycle) occurs is about
50.
15. Decreased estrogen leads to
thinning of the vaginal walls,
shrinking of the vagina and labia majora,
and
decreased vaginal lubrication
• These conditions can be severe enough to
cause the woman pain during intercourse.
16. .
• In men, testosterone production declines
over the years, and the testes become
smaller.
Decreased testosterone lead to
Decrease volume and force of ejaculation
sperm count is reduced,
but viable sperm may still be produced in
elderly men.
17. Sexual orientation
• Describes an individual’s preference for ways
of expressing sexual feelings.
• Like all human behavior, sexual behavior is
complex.
• Sexual orientation is a dynamic lifelong
process of growth.
18. Heterosexuality, sexual orientation toward
people of the opposite sex.
Bisexuality, which is sexual orientation toward
people of either sex.
• The vast majority of women and men may be
described as heterosexual.
Homosexuality, sexual orientation toward
people of the same sex.
• Female homosexuals are frequently called
lesbians.
• In recent years, the term gay has been applied
to both homosexual men and women.
19. Transvestism, the practice of wearing the
clothing of the opposite sex for emotional or
sexual expression.
• Transvestites tend to perceive themselves
either as women with masculine
predispositions, or as men with comparable
feminine predispositions.
• Transvestism occurs among both sexes, but is
more common among men than among
women.
20. Human Sexual Response
• The human sexual response is a combination
of physiological responses and emotional
responses (thoughts and feelings).
• These four phases, listed in the accompanying
display, are experienced by both men and
women.
21. A. Excitement
• The excitement stage of sexual arousal is
characterized by increased blood flow to
blood vessels (vasocongestion), which
causes tissues to swell.
In men,
The tissues in the penis become engorged
with blood, causing the penis to become
larger and erect.
The skin of the scrotum thickens,
Tension increases in the scrotal sac, and
The scrotum is pulled up closer to the body.
22. • In women, vasocongestion occurs in the
tissue surrounding the vagina, causing
fluids to seep through the vaginal walls to
produce vaginal lubrication.
the glans of the clitoris becomes larger and
harder than usual, which is similar with male
erection.
Muscular contraction around the nipples
causes them to become erect.
23. B. Plateau
• During the plateau stage, vasocongestion peaks
and the processes begun in the excitement stage
continue until sufficient tension is built up for
orgasm to occur.
• Breathing rate, pulse rate, and blood pressure
increase.
• The man's penis becomes completely erect and
the glans swells.
• In women, the breasts continue to swell, the
lower third of the vagina swells, creating what is
called the orgasmic platform, the clitoris retracts
into the body, and the uterus enlarges.
24. C. Orgasm
• Orgasm, or climax, is an intense and usually
pleasurable sensation that occurs at the peak of sexual
arousal and is followed by a drop in sexual tension.
• Not all sexual arousal leads to orgasm, and
individuals require different conditions and different
types and amounts of stimulation in order to have an
orgasm.
• Orgasm consists of a series of rhythmic contractions in
the genital region and pelvic organs.
• Breathing rate, pulse rate, and blood pressure increase
dramatically during orgasm.
• General muscle contraction may lead to facial
contortions and contractions of muscles in the
extremities, back, and buttocks.
25. D. Resolution
• During resolution, the processes of the
excitement and plateau stages reverse, and
the bodies of both women and men return to
the unaroused state.
• The muscle contractions that occurred during
orgasm lead to a reduction in muscular
tension and release of blood from the
engorged tissues
26. CHARACTRESTICS OF SEXUAL HEALTH
Expression of a positive body image
Congruence between biologic sex, gender
identity and gender role behavior
Behavior consistent with self-concept
Capacity for physical and psychological
responsiveness, which is enhancing to self
and others
Comfort with a range of sexual behavior and
life style
Acceptance of responsibility for pleasure
reproduction and physical safety
27. • Ability to create and maintain effective
interpersonal relation ship with both sexes
– Care providers require four basic skills to help
clients in the area of sexuality:
28. • Self- knowledge and comfort with their
own sexuality.
• Acceptance of sexuality as an important
area for intervention and a willingness to
work with clients expressing their
sexuality in a variety of ways.
• Knowledge of basic sexuality, including
how certain health problems and
treatments may affect sexuality and sexual
function and which interventions facilitate
sexual expressions and functioning.
• Communications skills.
29. Factors Influencing Sexuality
Developmental Level: The development of sexuality begins
with conception and changes throughout the life span.
Culture:
• Every society develops expectations about acceptable forms
of sexual expression.
• Homo sexuality is strongly condemned in Ethiopian culture,
however in some parts of the world it becomes an integral
part of rituals.
• Because clients may differ in their approaches to sexuality,
care provider must be aware of and consider cultural factors
when approaching sexual issues in health care.
• It is also very important to identify and communicate some
harmful cultural practices related to sexuality such as
manage by abduction, polygamous marriage and other
related ones.
30. Religions Values ; Religion influences sexual
expression.
• It provides guidelines for sexual behavior and
acceptable circumstances for the behavior, as
well as prohibited sexual behavior and the
consequences of breaking the sexual rules.
Personal Ethics: Many individuals and groups
have developed written or unwritten codes of
conduct based on ethical principles.
• What one person views as bizarre, perverted,
or wrong may be completely natural and right
to another.
• Examples include masturbation, oral or anal
intercourse, and cross dressing.
31. Health Status: Healthy minds, bodies, and emotions
are necessary for sexual wellness.
• Many factors can interfere with a person’s
expression of sexuality.
• Some of the common health problems that have
influence on sexuality are:
• Heart diseases, Diabetes mellitus
• Spinal cord injury
• Surgical procedures
• Joint disease, Chronic pain
• Sexually transmitted disease (STDs)
• Mental diseases
• Medications
32. Sexual Expression
• The methods by which people gain satisfaction
through sexual stimulation are varied.
• Touch, smell, sight, sounds, feelings, thoughts, and
fantasy can all contribute to sexual fulfillment in any
form of expression chosen by individuals.
• Forms of sexual stimulation include
– kissing,
– hugging,
– striking,
– squeezing,
– breast stimulation,
– manual stimulation of the genitals, oral-genital
stimulation, and anal stimulation.
• Sexual stimulation may be physical or psychological.
• Erotic stimulation through the use of films, magazines,
and photographs is common.
33. Masturbation:
• Masturbation is a technique of sexual expression in
which an individual practices self-stimulation.
Sexual Intercourse:
• Heterosexual genital intercourse is the most common
image that comes to mind when sexuality is
mentioned.
Alternative Forms of sexual Expression
• Voyeurism is the achievement of sexual arousal or
pleasure from watching, especially secretly, other
people's bodies or the sexual acts in which they
participate.
• Sadism refers to the practice of gaining sexual
pleasure while inflicting abuse on another person.
• Pedophilia is a term used to describe the practice of
adults gaining sexual fulfillment by sexual acts with
children.
34. Nursing Process and Sexuality
• Sexuality is a significant part of health, whether
the client is sexually active or not.
• Talking and listening to clients promotes
intimacy.
• Some care providers, as well as clients, are
embarrassed to talk about sexuality.
• It is imperative to deal with one’s own feelings in
order to decrease the client’s discomfort.
• Nurses must not express shock or disapproval
regarding a client’s sexual practices.
• A question as simple as “what sexual concerns
do you have?” may be used to introduce the
topic of sexuality in a nonthreatening manner.
35. Assessment
• Discussion about sexuality must be sensitive
to cultural and religious differences.
• The sensitive care provider will establish an
atmosphere that encourages the client to
freely discuss his or her concerns.
• Some actions that are conducive to such
discussion include the following:
• Assure privacy and maintain confidentiality.
• Use simple, direct language.
• Provide explanations in terms understood by
the client.
36. • Allow time for the clients’ questions.
• Demonstrate respect by adopting a
nonjudgmental attitude.
• Use open-ended questions to elicit more
information.
• Remember that you are assessing a person, not
just a body part, and respect the client’s wishes
regarding privacy.
• Before beginning the genitalia examination,
consider your patient’s cultural background and
the beliefs that may affect the examination. For
example, some cultures forbid assessment of a
female by a male caregiver.
37. • Nursing diagnosis
Sexual Dysfunction; Change in sexual function
that is viewed as unsatisfying, unrewarding,
inadequate
– Sexual Dysfunction as the etiology
• Impaired Adjustment related to loss of sexual
partner, loss of sexual body part
• Anxiety related to fear of pregnancy, loss of
sexual functioning or desire, effects of disease
process on sexual functioning.
• Pain related to sexual positioning, penile
penetration, effects of genital surgery, lack of
vaginal lubrication.
• Ineffective individual coping related to effects of
body image on sexual expression, change in
sexual partner.
38. • Fear related to pain during sexual intercourse,
history of sexual abuse
• Knowledge deficit (specify: contraceptive
methods, spread of STDS sexual Response,
Genital Anatomy, modes of sexual
expression, Self examination, Effects of
Disease or Medications) related to
misinformation, lack of interest in learning.
• Body image disturbance (specify: surgical
excision of genital Body part, loss of or gain in
body weight) related to fear of rejection.
• Impaired social interaction related to effects
of marital separation or divorce
39. Ineffective Sexuality Patterns; Expressions of
concern regarding his/her own sexuality
Defining Characteristics
• Verbalized difficulties, limitations, or changes in
sexual behaviors or activities
Related Factors
• Lack of significant other
• Conflict with sexual orientation
• Fear of acquiring a sexually transmitted disease
• Fear of pregnancy
• Ineffective or absent role models
• Lack of privacy
• Lack of knowledge
40. Planning /Expected outcomes
• Specific patient goals/out comes will depend on
the nature of the patient’s problem or concern.
• Specific patient goals/out comes to promote
sexual health.
The patient will achieve the following;
• Define the client’s sexuality
• Establish open patterns of communication with
significant others
• Develop self awareness and body awareness
• Describe responsible sexual health self-care
practices, identifying appropriate resources
• Practice responsible sexual expression
41. • Implementing
•Establishing a Trusting care provider Patent Relation
ship
• The care provider needs to project an
objective, non-threatening, nonjudgmental
attitude and an aura of confidentiality.
• Teaching about sexuality and sexual health
– Major goals of patient teaching are a change in
behaviors. Offering information, avoiding fears,
and providing positive reinforcement are some
ways care provider can assist patients to increase
their knowledge about there bodies and sexual
functioning.
• Correcting sexual myths/false belief and
promoting body awareness.
42. • Teaching Self- Examination
– Breast-self examination (BSE). This helps
the client to be familiar with what is
normal.
– Testicular self-examination (TSE)
• Considering contraception
• Facilitation coping with special sexual
Needs
• Teaching responsible sexual expression
• Advocating sexuality needs of patients
• Counseling the patient Regarding sexuality
43. • Evaluating
– Evaluation depends on acquiring information
from the client for most goals/out comes.
– Evaluate how the patient is progressing to ward
sexuality oriented goals by appearance, level of
self confidence, and manner. The nurse needs to
question the patient about progress toward goals
– One line of questioning when evaluating a
patient’s progress is as follows: “in what ways
have you been able to achieve (orgasm, increased
desire, comfortable intercourse, erection)?” What
do you think should be next step?”
44. • Quiz (5%)
1. What is the difference between sexuality and
gender.
2. Homosexuality is universally unaccepted
sexaul orientation.(T or F)
3. Write the stages of human sexual human
response.
4. Write the CHARACTRESTICS OF SEXUAL
HEALTH(3)
5. Plateau is an intense and usually pleasurable
sensation that occurs at the peak of sexual
arousal and is followed by a drop in sexual
tension.(T or F)
45. Be the change you
want to see in the
world!!!!!
Thank you!!!