This document discusses puberty and the physical changes that occur for both boys and girls. It explains that puberty is triggered by hormones around ages 10-14 when the body changes from a child to an adult. For boys, changes include growth of genitals and body hair, deepening of the voice, and production of sperm. For girls, changes involve breast development, menstrual periods that occur every 23-35 days, growth of body hair, and widening of the hips. The document provides diagrams and explanations of male and female reproductive organs and their functions during puberty and adolescence.
What is puberty?
Puberty is the time in life when a person becomes sexually mature. It is a physical change that usually happens between ages 10 and 14 for girls and ages 12 and 16 for boys. Some African American girls start puberty earlier than white girls, making their age range for puberty 9 to 14.
Puberty starts when a part of the brain called the hypothalmus begins releasing a hormone called gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH).
GnRH then signals the pituitary gland to release two more hormones - luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) – to start sexual development.
A study funded in part by NICHD has identified a gene that appears to be the crucial signal for the beginning of puberty. Without a functioning copy of the gene, known as GPR54, humans appear unable to enter puberty normally.
The female reproductive system is made up of the internal and external sex organs that function in reproduction of new offspring. In humans, the female reproductive system is immature at birth and develops to maturity at puberty to be able to produce gametes, and to carry a fetes to full term.
What is puberty?
Puberty is the time in life when a person becomes sexually mature. It is a physical change that usually happens between ages 10 and 14 for girls and ages 12 and 16 for boys. Some African American girls start puberty earlier than white girls, making their age range for puberty 9 to 14.
Puberty starts when a part of the brain called the hypothalmus begins releasing a hormone called gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH).
GnRH then signals the pituitary gland to release two more hormones - luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) – to start sexual development.
A study funded in part by NICHD has identified a gene that appears to be the crucial signal for the beginning of puberty. Without a functioning copy of the gene, known as GPR54, humans appear unable to enter puberty normally.
The female reproductive system is made up of the internal and external sex organs that function in reproduction of new offspring. In humans, the female reproductive system is immature at birth and develops to maturity at puberty to be able to produce gametes, and to carry a fetes to full term.
Teenage is a person between 13 to 18 years old. ¨The word puberty is derived from the Latin pubertas, which means adulthood. ¨Puberty is initiated by hormonal changes triggered by a part of the brain called the hypothalamus, which stimulates the pituitary gland, which in turn activates other glands as well.
¨These changes begin about a year before any of their results are visible. ¨Both the male reproductive hormone testosterone and female hormone estrogen are present in children of both sexes.
In this seminar I will be covering the sexual problems that teenagers go through and find it difficult to deal with.
Its will cover various topics like
1. How parents discuss body parts
2. Hormonal glands and hoe sexual organs develop.
3. Growth and development in an adolescent
4. Does maturing early or late have a life long effect?
5. Is there a right time for discussing sexuality?
6. Period problems
7. Poly cystic ovaries
8. Wet dreams
9. Erectile dysfunction
Bangladesh Pharmaceuticals Market & It's Future (for non pharma background)
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Alongside the 77th World Health Assembly in Geneva on 28 May 2024, we launched the second version of our Index, allowing us to track progress and give new insights into what needs to be done to keep populations healthier for longer.
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Dr Hans Groth, Chairman of the Board, World Demographic & Ageing Forum
Professor Ilona Kickbusch, Founder and Chair, Global Health Centre, Geneva Graduate Institute and co-chair, World Health Summit Council
Dr Natasha Azzopardi Muscat, Director, Country Health Policies and Systems Division, World Health Organisation EURO
Dr Marta Lomazzi, Executive Manager, World Federation of Public Health Associations
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CRISPR-Cas9, a revolutionary gene-editing tool, holds immense potential to reshape medicine, agriculture, and our understanding of life. But like any powerful tool, it comes with ethical considerations.
Unveiling CRISPR: This naturally occurring bacterial defense system (crRNA & Cas9 protein) fights viruses. Scientists repurposed it for precise gene editing (correction, deletion, insertion) by targeting specific DNA sequences.
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2. What are we talking about?
What is puberty?
What are the changes I can see and
what is private?
What are the reproductive organs and
how do they work?
How do I take care of my changing
body?
4. Your Changing Body
When we talk about these changes it is normal to feel…
curious disgust comfortable
excitedembarrassedshy
5. What is puberty?
It is the time when our bodies change
from a child’s body to an adult body.
Girls – Start to release
eggs
Boys – Start to make
sperm cell
6. What is puberty?
These are the cells that are necessary to
make a new human.
7. When do changes happen?
Anywhere between 8 and 17 years old?
Most people begin between the ages of 10
and 14
When you start makes no difference to how
you develop.
No age is better than any other one.
For some most changes happen in a few
years
For some changes happen slowly over lots of
years.
9. Girls
Get taller and heavier
Hips get wider and more
curvy
Face changes shape
Oily skin and hair, pimples
Voices get a little deeper
Hair grows under the armpits
and around the genitals
Hair on arms and legs grows
darker
Breasts and nipples get
larger
Body sweats more
Internal and external sex
organs grow
May have mood swings,
sexual thoughts and feelings.
Boys
Get taller and heavier
Nose and jaw get bigger
Face gets longer
Get more muscles
Oily skin and hair, pimples
Body sweats more
Hair grows on the face, under
armpits, around the genitals
May get more hair on arms, legs
and chest
Voice gets deeper
Penis and testicles grow, scrotum
changes
May have mood swings, sexual
thoughts and feelings
10. What causes these changes?
Hormones – chemical messengers that travel the
blood stream from the place where they are
made to the place where they do their work.
Each hormone has a specific job
Both girls and boys make the same sex hormones.
The main ones are testosterone and estrogen.
Boys make lots of testosterone, and not so much
estrogen.
Girls make lots of estrogen, not so much
testosterone.
13. Spermatogenesis
Hormones makes the testicles grow and
they start making more testosterone and
producing sperm.
After puberty you make 200,000 – 400,000
sperm cells a day for the rest of your life.
14. Erection and Ejaculation
If semen is going to come the penis is
likely to be erect
A penis gets erect when blood rushes into
it
Muscles push the semen into the urethra
and out the penis
This is called ejaculation.
15. Erection and Ejaculation
If a boy wakes up and finds a wet sticky
spot on his pyjamas, semen came out
when he was sleeping. This is called
nocturnal emissions, or a “wet dream”.
Some boys have wet dreams and some
don’t.
18. Menstruation
Girls are born with hundreds of thousands
of tiny eggs, called ova – one is called an
ovum
These egg cells are only half formed
At puberty hormones tell the ovaries it is
time to start releasing ova
Usually one egg at a time matures
(develops) and is released from an ovary.
19. Menstruation
At the same time the uterus starts to grow
a thick lining on the inside wall
The lining has lots of tiny blood vessels
The lining is there to protect and feed an
egg that has combined with a sperm to
form a fertilized egg.
If the egg does not meet a sperm, the
lining is not needed, and is then shed. This
is often called a period.
20. Questions about Periods
When will a girl gets her first period? – No
one can tell exactly when it will start.
How long will the bleeding last? – It can
vary from 3 – 8 days.
How much will a girl bleed during her
period? – Usually only a few tablespoons.
How often will a girl get her period – It is
often unpredictable at first but later will
arrive between every 23 – 35 days.
21. Questions about Periods
Will it hurt? – the bleeding itself is not
painful, but cramping that can help to
remove the blood from the uterus can be
uncomfortable.
Will people know when a girl has her
period? – Not unless she tells them.
22. Pads and Tampons
Girls use pads or tampons to catch the blood that comes
from the vagina.
Pads are a sticky strip of material the absorbs the blood.
They are placed in the underwear. It should be changed
frequently.
A tampon is a small plug of material that fits inside the
vagina to absorb the blood. This should be changed
frequently.
23. Daily Checklist for a Changing
Body
Shower daily
Use deodorant or anti-perspirant on the
underarms
Wash face daily to help prevent acne
Brush teeth twice per day
Use shampoo on your hair to prevent
oilyness
Eat a well balanced diet
Get plenty of exercise.