its about sexuality, puberty, physiological changes in male and female in puberty and their reactions and sexual response cycle.

2. SEXUALITYPREPARED BY:
Prabita Shrestha

3. INTRODUCTION:
• Human sexuality is the capacity of
human beings to have erotic experiences
and responses.
• Sexuality may be experienced and
expressed in a variety of ways; including
thoughts, fantasies, desires, beliefs,
attitudes, values, behaviors, practices,
roles, and relationships.
• These may manifest themselves in
biological, physical, emotional, social, or
spiritual aspects.

4. Contd…
• The biological and physical aspects of
sexuality largely concern the human
reproductive functions, including
the human sexual response cycle and
the basic biological drive that exists in
all species.
• Physical and emotional aspects of
sexuality include bonds between
individuals that is expressed through
profound feelings or physical
manifestations of love, trust, and care.

5. • Social aspects deal with the effects of
human society on one's sexuality, while
spirituality concerns an individual's
spiritual connection with others.
• Sexuality also impacts and is impacted
upon by cultural, political, legal,
philosophical, moral, ethical, and religious
aspects of life
Contd…

7. PUBERTY:
• Puberty is the process of physical
changes through which
a child's body matures into
an adult body capable of sexual
reproduction to enable fertilization.
• It is initiated by hormonal signals from
the brain to the gonads: the ovaries in a
girl, the testes in a boy.

8. Onset of puberty:
• On average, girls begin puberty at ages
10–11; boys at ages 11–12.
• Girls usually complete puberty by ages
15–17, while boys usually complete
puberty by ages 16–17.
• The major landmark of puberty for females
is menarche, the onset of menstruation,
which occurs on average between ages
12–13; for males, it is the first ejaculation,
which occurs on average at age 13.

9. Physical changes in puberty:

11. Reaction of boys to puberty
• The increase in height and muscle mass due to
puberty is welcomed by them.
• The facial growth and body hair is associated with
the masculine sex role and ritual shaving.
• Many adolescent boys feel awkward due to the
presence of acne.
• The growth of the penis and testes is readily
visible and creates some problem in boys. They
feel shy and different by the localized sensation
within these organs and become very sensitive to
sexual stimulation.

12. Cont..
• After the spontaneous nocturnal emission,
they become puzzle and embarrassed.
• Sexual arousal is very urgent and centered in
the genitals around the sex act itself.
Premarital heterosex is fraught with many
problems and homosex is generally
condemned by society so the teenager boy
resorts masturbation, the manipulation of
genitals to relieve his sex drive.
• But it is often associated with guilt and anxiety.

13. Reaction of girls to puberty
• The onset of puberty occur almost 2 years
advance of boys.
• They may feel embarrassment due to their taller
height than their male mates.
• The young girl is interested in her changing body
and feminine curve and some girls look on their
budding breasts and also measure the progress
of their developing breast and compare with their
friends.
• But some may feel tension and foreign body
sensation and attempt to hide them by wearing
tight clothes.

14. Cont..
• Girls spend endless hours in front of the mirror
observing their beautiful body image, applying
cosmetics and combing hair.
• After menarche, some feel satisfaction and be
keen on being a woman, but others are
depressed, frightened and find it difficult and
traumatic.
• The sexual arousal in girls is revealed and more
cultural than biologic basis, although many girl
handle the genitals for the pleasant sensation.
Masturbation is frequently combined with
fantasy.

15. Sexual response pattern:

16. Phase 1: Excitement
General characteristics of the excitement phase, which can last from
a few minutes to several hours, include the following:
• Muscle tension increases.
• Heart rate quickens and breathing is accelerated.
• Skin may become flushed (blotches of redness appear on the
chest and back).
• Nipples become hardened or erect.
• Blood flow to the genitals increases, resulting in swelling of the
woman's clitoris and labia minora (inner lips), and erection of the
man's penis.
• Vaginal lubrication begins.
• The woman's breasts become fuller and the vaginal walls begin to
swell.
• The man's testicles swell, his scrotum tightens, and he begins
secreting a lubricating liquid.

17. Phase 2: Plateau
General characteristics of the plateau phase, which extends
to the brink of orgasm, include the following:
• The changes begun in phase 1 are intensified.
• The vagina continues to swell from increased blood flow,
and the vaginal walls turn a dark purple.
• The woman's clitoris becomes highly sensitive (may
even be painful to touch) and retracts under the clitoral
hood to avoid direct stimulation from the penis.
• The man's testicles are withdrawn up into the scrotum.
• Breathing, heart rate, and blood pressure continue to
increase.
• Muscle spasms may begin in the feet, face, and hands.
• Muscle tension increases.

18. Phase 3: Orgasm
The orgasm is the climax of the sexual response cycle. It is
the shortest of the phases and generally lasts only a few
seconds. General characteristics of this phase include the
following:
• Involuntary muscle contractions begin.
• Blood pressure, heart rate, and breathing are at their
highest rates, with a rapid intake of oxygen.
• Muscles in the feet spasm.
• There is a sudden, forceful release of sexual tension.
• In women, the muscles of the vagina contract. The uterus
also undergoes rhythmic contractions.
• In men, rhythmic contractions of the muscles at the base
of the penis result in the ejaculation of semen.
• A rash, or "sex flush" may appear over the entire body.

19. Phase 4: Resolution
• During resolution, the body slowly returns to its normal
level of functioning, and swelled and erect body parts
return to their previous size and color. This phase is
marked by a general sense of well-being, enhanced
intimacy and, often, fatigue. Some women are capable of
a rapid return to the orgasm phase with further sexual
stimulation and may experience multiple orgasms.
• Men need recovery time after orgasm, called a refractory
period, during which they cannot reach orgasm again.
The duration of the refractory period varies among men
and usually lengthens with advancing age.

23. REFERENCES:
• S. Durga, Mental health and psychiatric nursing,
3rd edition, page no: 209
• Kozier B. Erb G. Berman A. Burke K.
Fundamentals of Nursing, 7th edition, Page no.
1010-1020
• Tuitui R. Mannual of Midwifery I, 8th edition,
Page no. 75-80
• https://en.wikipedia.org/?title=Human_sexuality#
Brain
• http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC37
61219/
• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puberty