At the end of the class the students will be able to,
Explain the basic concept of pathology
Describe the Cellular & tissue changes.
Describe the Infiltration and regeneration
Elaborate the inflammation and infection
At the end of the class the students will be able to,
Explain the basic concept of pathology
Describe the Cellular & tissue changes.
Describe the Infiltration and regeneration
Elaborate the inflammation and infection
Report Back from SGO 2024: What’s the Latest in Cervical Cancer?bkling
Are you curious about what’s new in cervical cancer research or unsure what the findings mean? Join Dr. Emily Ko, a gynecologic oncologist at Penn Medicine, to learn about the latest updates from the Society of Gynecologic Oncology (SGO) 2024 Annual Meeting on Women’s Cancer. Dr. Ko will discuss what the research presented at the conference means for you and answer your questions about the new developments.
Flu Vaccine Alert in Bangalore Karnatakaaddon Scans
As flu season approaches, health officials in Bangalore, Karnataka, are urging residents to get their flu vaccinations. The seasonal flu, while common, can lead to severe health complications, particularly for vulnerable populations such as young children, the elderly, and those with underlying health conditions.
Dr. Vidisha Kumari, a leading epidemiologist in Bangalore, emphasizes the importance of getting vaccinated. "The flu vaccine is our best defense against the influenza virus. It not only protects individuals but also helps prevent the spread of the virus in our communities," he says.
This year, the flu season is expected to coincide with a potential increase in other respiratory illnesses. The Karnataka Health Department has launched an awareness campaign highlighting the significance of flu vaccinations. They have set up multiple vaccination centers across Bangalore, making it convenient for residents to receive their shots.
To encourage widespread vaccination, the government is also collaborating with local schools, workplaces, and community centers to facilitate vaccination drives. Special attention is being given to ensuring that the vaccine is accessible to all, including marginalized communities who may have limited access to healthcare.
Residents are reminded that the flu vaccine is safe and effective. Common side effects are mild and may include soreness at the injection site, mild fever, or muscle aches. These side effects are generally short-lived and far less severe than the flu itself.
Healthcare providers are also stressing the importance of continuing COVID-19 precautions. Wearing masks, practicing good hand hygiene, and maintaining social distancing are still crucial, especially in crowded places.
Protect yourself and your loved ones by getting vaccinated. Together, we can help keep Bangalore healthy and safe this flu season. For more information on vaccination centers and schedules, residents can visit the Karnataka Health Department’s official website or follow their social media pages.
Stay informed, stay safe, and get your flu shot today!
Couples presenting to the infertility clinic- Do they really have infertility...Sujoy Dasgupta
Dr Sujoy Dasgupta presented the study on "Couples presenting to the infertility clinic- Do they really have infertility? – The unexplored stories of non-consummation" in the 13th Congress of the Asia Pacific Initiative on Reproduction (ASPIRE 2024) at Manila on 24 May, 2024.
Ozempic: Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists Saeid Safari
Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists like Ozempic and Semiglutide
ASA GUIDELINE
NYSORA Guideline
2 Case Reports of Gastric Ultrasound
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN HEALTHCARE.pdfAnujkumaranit
Artificial intelligence (AI) refers to the simulation of human intelligence processes by machines, especially computer systems. It encompasses tasks such as learning, reasoning, problem-solving, perception, and language understanding. AI technologies are revolutionizing various fields, from healthcare to finance, by enabling machines to perform tasks that typically require human intelligence.
Anti ulcer drugs and their Advance pharmacology ||
Anti-ulcer drugs are medications used to prevent and treat ulcers in the stomach and upper part of the small intestine (duodenal ulcers). These ulcers are often caused by an imbalance between stomach acid and the mucosal lining, which protects the stomach lining.
||Scope: Overview of various classes of anti-ulcer drugs, their mechanisms of action, indications, side effects, and clinical considerations.
Tom Selleck Health: A Comprehensive Look at the Iconic Actor’s Wellness Journeygreendigital
Tom Selleck, an enduring figure in Hollywood. has captivated audiences for decades with his rugged charm, iconic moustache. and memorable roles in television and film. From his breakout role as Thomas Magnum in Magnum P.I. to his current portrayal of Frank Reagan in Blue Bloods. Selleck's career has spanned over 50 years. But beyond his professional achievements. fans have often been curious about Tom Selleck Health. especially as he has aged in the public eye.
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Introduction
Many have been interested in Tom Selleck health. not only because of his enduring presence on screen but also because of the challenges. and lifestyle choices he has faced and made over the years. This article delves into the various aspects of Tom Selleck health. exploring his fitness regimen, diet, mental health. and the challenges he has encountered as he ages. We'll look at how he maintains his well-being. the health issues he has faced, and his approach to ageing .
Early Life and Career
Childhood and Athletic Beginnings
Tom Selleck was born on January 29, 1945, in Detroit, Michigan, and grew up in Sherman Oaks, California. From an early age, he was involved in sports, particularly basketball. which played a significant role in his physical development. His athletic pursuits continued into college. where he attended the University of Southern California (USC) on a basketball scholarship. This early involvement in sports laid a strong foundation for his physical health and disciplined lifestyle.
Transition to Acting
Selleck's transition from an athlete to an actor came with its physical demands. His first significant role in "Magnum P.I." required him to perform various stunts and maintain a fit appearance. This role, which he played from 1980 to 1988. necessitated a rigorous fitness routine to meet the show's demands. setting the stage for his long-term commitment to health and wellness.
Fitness Regimen
Workout Routine
Tom Selleck health and fitness regimen has evolved. adapting to his changing roles and age. During his "Magnum, P.I." days. Selleck's workouts were intense and focused on building and maintaining muscle mass. His routine included weightlifting, cardiovascular exercises. and specific training for the stunts he performed on the show.
Selleck adjusted his fitness routine as he aged to suit his body's needs. Today, his workouts focus on maintaining flexibility, strength, and cardiovascular health. He incorporates low-impact exercises such as swimming, walking, and light weightlifting. This balanced approach helps him stay fit without putting undue strain on his joints and muscles.
Importance of Flexibility and Mobility
In recent years, Selleck has emphasized the importance of flexibility and mobility in his fitness regimen. Understanding the natural decline in muscle mass and joint flexibility with age. he includes stretching and yoga in his routine. These practices help prevent injuries, improve posture, and maintain mobilit
These lecture slides, by Dr Sidra Arshad, offer a quick overview of physiological basis of a normal electrocardiogram.
Learning objectives:
1. Define an electrocardiogram (ECG) and electrocardiography
2. Describe how dipoles generated by the heart produce the waveforms of the ECG
3. Describe the components of a normal electrocardiogram of a typical bipolar leads (limb II)
4. Differentiate between intervals and segments
5. Enlist some common indications for obtaining an ECG
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 11, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 9, Human Physiology - From Cells to Systems, Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
3. Chapter 29, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
4. Electrocardiogram, StatPearls - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK549803/
5. ECG in Medical Practice by ABM Abdullah, 4th edition
6. ECG Basics, http://www.nataliescasebook.com/tag/e-c-g-basics
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Ethanol (CH3CH2OH), or beverage alcohol, is a two-carbon alcohol
that is rapidly distributed in the body and brain. Ethanol alters many
neurochemical systems and has rewarding and addictive properties. It
is the oldest recreational drug and likely contributes to more morbidity,
mortality, and public health costs than all illicit drugs combined. The
5th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
(DSM-5) integrates alcohol abuse and alcohol dependence into a single
disorder called alcohol use disorder (AUD), with mild, moderate,
and severe subclassifications (American Psychiatric Association, 2013).
In the DSM-5, all types of substance abuse and dependence have been
combined into a single substance use disorder (SUD) on a continuum
from mild to severe. A diagnosis of AUD requires that at least two of
the 11 DSM-5 behaviors be present within a 12-month period (mild
AUD: 2–3 criteria; moderate AUD: 4–5 criteria; severe AUD: 6–11 criteria).
The four main behavioral effects of AUD are impaired control over
drinking, negative social consequences, risky use, and altered physiological
effects (tolerance, withdrawal). This chapter presents an overview
of the prevalence and harmful consequences of AUD in the U.S.,
the systemic nature of the disease, neurocircuitry and stages of AUD,
comorbidities, fetal alcohol spectrum disorders, genetic risk factors, and
pharmacotherapies for AUD.
Explore natural remedies for syphilis treatment in Singapore. Discover alternative therapies, herbal remedies, and lifestyle changes that may complement conventional treatments. Learn about holistic approaches to managing syphilis symptoms and supporting overall health.
2. Learning Objective
• To use pathology to facilitate medical
education
• Understanding mechanisms, in a way which is
more of logic than of a memory.
• To leave students with a lasting knowledge of
pathology
• To use pathology as the scientific basis of the
“art” of medicine
3. Definitions
• Pathology is
– Latin word: - Patho = disease or suffering;
logy = study
– The study of disease by scientific methods or pathology is
the study of disordered function.
• Disease
– Dis-ease = lack of ease
– Abnormal variation in structure or function of part of the
body which often originate from alteration of a survival
mechanism or respond adequately
• WHO defines health as
– as a state of complete physical, mental, and social well-
being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity.
4. Terms
• Symptoms
• sign
• Prognosis
– Prediction of the out come of a disease. That you may
need to discuss with the patient or relatives in
planning management and follow up works.
– Syndrome
– A group of symptoms, signs, laboratory findings, and physiological
disturbances that are linked by a common anatomical, biochemical, or
pathological history. E.g. AIDS
• Lesions
– A circumscribed area of pathologically altered tissue.
5. Introduction
• Pathology gives explanations of a disease by
studying
1. Etiology
2. Pathogenesis
3. Morphologic changes and
4. Functional derangement and clinical
manifestation
6. Etiology
• The study of cause of the disease
– Primary etiology – known cause
– Idiopathic – unknown cause
• Benefits of knowing the etiology
–
–
• Major etiologic factors
– Genetic
– Acquired
7. Pathogenesis
• It is the mechanism through which the
etiology produce the pathological and clinical
manifestation
• E.g. pathogenesis of CHF
• Pathogenesis leads to morphologic changes
8. Morphologic changes
• Structural alterations in cells or tissues which
can be seen
– Naked eye – gross morphologic changes
– Or microscope – microscopic changes
• Morphologic changes are used
– To diagnose a disease
• Can lead to functional alteration and to the
clinical sign and symptoms
9. Functional derangement and clinical
significance.
• The morphologic changes in the organ
influence the normal function of the organ
• Determine the
– clinical features
– Course
– Prognosis of the disease
10. • In summary, pathology studies:-
• Etiology Pathogenesis Morphologic
changes Clinical features & Prognosis of all
diseases.
11. Diagnostic techniques
• Most are based on Morphologic change
1. Histopathology
2. Cytopathology
3. Hematopathology
4. Immunohistochemistry
5. Microbiological examination
6. Biochemical examination
7. Cytogenetic
8. autopsy
12. Sources of sample
• Biopsy: - taken from a living person to identify
the disease
• FNAC/fine needle aspiration cytology/: -
cellular samples are taken through aspiration
by a fine(small bore) needle from a living
person.
• Autopsy:- is examination of the dead body
sample to identify the cause of death for
forensic or clinical purpose.
13. Tissue fixation
• Sample tissue like biopsy should be immediately
fixed by putting it into adequate amount of 10%
formaldehyde to
1. Prevent autolysis and bacterial decomposition and
putrefaction
2. To coagulate the tissue to prevent loss of easily
diffusible substances
3. To fortfy the tissue against the deleterious effect of
the various stages in preparation of sections and
tissue processing
4. To leave the tissues in a condition which facilitates
differential staining with dyes and other reagents
14. Environmental causes of disease
• Are classified into
1. Physical agents:- like trauma, radiation, extremes
of temp., electrical power
2. Chemicals :- cyanide, acids, bases, bleaches, CO,
3. Nutritional deficiencies and excesses :-
4. Infections & infestations
5. Immunological factors
6. Psychogenic factors
16. Course of disease
• The course of a disease in the absence of any intervention
is called natural history of the disease.
• Stages of natural history of a disease
1. Exposure :- to various etiologic agents
2. latency :- period between exposure and biological onset of
disease
3. Biological onset of disease :- marks the initiation of the
disease process without any sign or symptom. It may remain
asymptomatic or subclinical.
4. Incubation (induction) period :- time from exposure to the
first clinical sign or symptom
5. Clinical onset:- when clinical sings and symptoms became
apparent
• Natural recovery can occur at any stage in the progression
of disease
17.
18. • Following clinical onset, disease may follow
– Resolution without no sequelae
– Resolution with sequelae / permanent damage
– Death
19. Reference
• Mesele Bezabeh et. al, Lecture note, General
pathology for health science students,
University of Gondar,2005
• Robbins and Cotran, Basic.Pathology.8th.Ed
• Tim D. Spector, John S. Axford; An introduction
to General pathology, 4th Ed., 1999