This document discusses sets and Venn diagrams. It defines what a set is and provides examples of sets. It describes subsets and operations that can be performed on sets such as intersection, union, complement, and difference. It explains Venn diagrams and how they are used to represent relationships between sets such as disjoint, overlapping, union, and intersection. Examples are provided to demonstrate operations on sets and drawing Venn diagrams.

1. SETS AND
VENN
DIAGRAMS
DR. FARHANA SHAHEEN

3. Sets
A Set is a collection of well-defined and distinct objects.
Sets are denoted by capital letters A, B, C, etc.

6. Example:
Set of Polygons P
Square is a member of P
Circle is not a member of P

18. Example:01

26. Subset of a Set

31. Operations on Sets
Sets are treated as mathematical objects.
Similar to numbers, we can perform certain mathematical operations on sets.
Intersection: 𝐴 ∩ 𝐵 = {𝑥: 𝑥 ∈ 𝐴 𝒂𝒏𝒅 𝑥 ∈ 𝐵}
Union: A ∪ 𝐵 = {𝑥: 𝑥 ∈ 𝐴 𝒐𝒓 𝑥 ∈ 𝐵}
Complement of A = 𝐴′
= 𝐴𝑐
= {𝑥: 𝑥 ∉ 𝐴}
Difference: 𝐴B = {𝑥: 𝑥 ∈ 𝐴, 𝑏𝑢𝑡 𝑥 ∉ 𝐵}

34. 𝐴 ∩ 𝐵 = {𝑥: 𝑥 ∈ 𝐴 𝒂𝒏𝒅 𝑥 ∈ 𝐵}

36. Union and Intersection of two sets

37. 𝐴′
= 𝐴𝑐
= {𝑥: 𝑥 ∉ 𝐴}

38. Venn Diagram of complement of A
Universal set is the largest set.
Let A be a subset of U.
Then A’ is the complement of A, which
is the set of all elements which are Not
in A.

39. VENN
DIAGRAMS
UNION
INTERSECTION
COMPLEMENT
OF TWO SETS A and B

41. DISJOINT SETS
Two sets A and B are called disjoint when they have
nothing in common. The sets which are Not disjoint are called
Overlapping sets. Example:

42. Disjoint Sets

46. Example:02
U = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10}
T is the set of all multiples of 2
F is the set of all multiples of 4
Write T and F in Tabular form.
Find T’ and F’.
Draw the Venn Diagram.

47. Difference of two
sets
B−𝐴 = 𝑥: 𝑥 ∈ 𝐵 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑥 ∉ 𝐴
A−𝐵 = 𝑥: 𝑥 ∈ 𝐴 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑥 ∉ 𝐵
Note that
A − B ≠ 𝐵 − 𝐴

49. Example: 03

50. https://www.slideshare.net/AdilAslam4/basic-of-sets-notes-set-theory