SESSION : 1 Health & Safety Management : An overview
What is Industrial Safety?
Why Manage Health & Safety – 3 Good Reasons
Cost and Consequences of Accidents – Video
Accident Causation theory
Common cause of accidents in construction
How Manage Health & Safety – HSG (65) Model
4 C’s for Positive Health & Safety Culture
Proactive & Reactive Monitoring
Principle of Control in H&S
Hazards & Risk Management
Safe System of work, PTW
Hierarchy of Control – Video
Principle of Accident prevention
MEEP – Material, Equipment, Environment & People
IITS - Information, Instruction , Training and Supervisions
Safety Audit can be defined as verifying the existence and implementation of elements of occupational safety and health system and for verifying the system’s ability to achieve defined safety objectives.
This presentation will give you an overview of Audit, Safety Audit, Audit Process, Auditor attributes. It also discusses about the different reference standards in India related to safety audit and will give you some take home points.
This accident investigation PowerPoint by CSCB breaks down the necessary steps to take when conducting an accident investigation in the construction industry.
Safety Audit can be defined as verifying the existence and implementation of elements of occupational safety and health system and for verifying the system’s ability to achieve defined safety objectives.
This presentation will give you an overview of Audit, Safety Audit, Audit Process, Auditor attributes. It also discusses about the different reference standards in India related to safety audit and will give you some take home points.
This accident investigation PowerPoint by CSCB breaks down the necessary steps to take when conducting an accident investigation in the construction industry.
Module-I (12 Hours)
Development of safety movement: - Need for safety-safety and productivity-planning for safetyplanning
procedure-safety policy-formulation of safety policy-safety budget-role and
qualification of safety professional-safety committees-need, types and functions of committeessafety
organizations.
Module II (12 Hours)
Accident prevention: - Basic philosophy of accident prevention-nature and causes of accidentsaccident
proneness-cost of accidents-accident prevention methods-Domino theory-safety
education and training-training methods-motivation and communicating safety-personal
protective equipments.
Module III (12 Hours)
Safety management techniques: - Safety inspection-Safety sampling technique-Safety audit-
Safety survey-Incident recall technique-Job safety analysis-Damage control-Risk management.
Involvement in safety: - Role of management-role of supervisors-role of workmen- role of
unions-role of government
Module IV (12 Hours)
Occupational health and hygiene: - Functional units and activities of occupational health and
hygiene-types of industrial hazards-physical, chemical, mechanical, electrical, social, biological,
ergonomic and environmental hazards-factors impeding safety-house keeping-hearing
conservation programme
Module V (12 Hours)
Industrial fire protection: - Fire chemistry-classification of fires-fire prevention activities-fire
risks-fire load -contributing factors to industrial fires-fire detection-industrial fire protection
systems.
Developing Accident Avoidance Program for Occupational Safety and Healththeijes
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
The papers for publication in The International Journal of Engineering& Science are selected through rigorous peer reviews to ensure originality, timeliness, relevance, and readability.
Module-I (12 Hours)
Development of safety movement: - Need for safety-safety and productivity-planning for safetyplanning
procedure-safety policy-formulation of safety policy-safety budget-role and
qualification of safety professional-safety committees-need, types and functions of committeessafety
organizations.
Module II (12 Hours)
Accident prevention: - Basic philosophy of accident prevention-nature and causes of accidentsaccident
proneness-cost of accidents-accident prevention methods-Domino theory-safety
education and training-training methods-motivation and communicating safety-personal
protective equipments.
Module III (12 Hours)
Safety management techniques: - Safety inspection-Safety sampling technique-Safety audit-
Safety survey-Incident recall technique-Job safety analysis-Damage control-Risk management.
Involvement in safety: - Role of management-role of supervisors-role of workmen- role of
unions-role of government
Module IV (12 Hours)
Occupational health and hygiene: - Functional units and activities of occupational health and
hygiene-types of industrial hazards-physical, chemical, mechanical, electrical, social, biological,
ergonomic and environmental hazards-factors impeding safety-house keeping-hearing
conservation programme
Module V (12 Hours)
Industrial fire protection: - Fire chemistry-classification of fires-fire prevention activities-fire
risks-fire load -contributing factors to industrial fires-fire detection-industrial fire protection
systems.
Developing Accident Avoidance Program for Occupational Safety and Healththeijes
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
The papers for publication in The International Journal of Engineering& Science are selected through rigorous peer reviews to ensure originality, timeliness, relevance, and readability.
Accident investigation and Root Cause Analysis - by www.oyetrade.comNarendra Jayas
The presentation we at Oye Trade www.oyetrade.com prepared is for the HSE professionals and trainees to gain knowledge to conduct Accident Investigation and Root Cause Analysis activities at workplace.
Session 01 _Risk Assessment Program for YSP_Introduction, Definitions and Sta...Muizz Anibire
Program Objectives
In light of industrialization trends across the globe, new hazards are constantly introduced in many workplaces. This program aims to provide Young Safety Professionals (YSPs) from diverse backgrounds with the requisite skill to address the health and safety hazards in the modern workplace.
A Human-Centric Approach to Oil & Gas Industry SafetyCognizant
Wearables and other digital hardware can help minimize safety incidents. Monitoring biometrics and alerting workers before they become dangerously mentally or physically fatigued mitigates tiredness as a significant contributing factor in workplace accidents. Applying big data techniques to human behavior enables causal analysis to find the root causes of accidents.
Definition
Type of scaffolding system
To familiarize with UAE Legal requirements with respect to Scaffolds
To enhance the skill of scaffold erection and inspection.
Safe Procedure for erection & dismantling
Practical on Scaffold Erection & dismantling
Procedure for Scaffold inspection
Our VISION - Health, Safety & Environment
General site safety rules, Personal behavior and conduct.
Duty of Care – Employer Responsibilities , Employee obligation
Signs
Personal Protective Equipments ( P.P.E.)
Smoking Regulation, Traffic rules, Site Access & Security
Welfare & First Aid Facilities.
Reporting Incidents
Emergency Procedure - In case of accidents, FIRE
Safety Inspections. Safety Monitoring Meeting.
Safety Trainings
Safety Motivation - Safety Incentive Scheme, Disciplinary Action.
Workplace Hazard & Solutions (Housekeeping, Working at height, FIRE etc)
The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
Students, digital devices and success - Andreas Schleicher - 27 May 2024..pptxEduSkills OECD
Andreas Schleicher presents at the OECD webinar ‘Digital devices in schools: detrimental distraction or secret to success?’ on 27 May 2024. The presentation was based on findings from PISA 2022 results and the webinar helped launch the PISA in Focus ‘Managing screen time: How to protect and equip students against distraction’ https://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/education/managing-screen-time_7c225af4-en and the OECD Education Policy Perspective ‘Students, digital devices and success’ can be found here - https://oe.cd/il/5yV
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
The French Revolution, which began in 1789, was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France. It marked the decline of absolute monarchies, the rise of secular and democratic republics, and the eventual rise of Napoleon Bonaparte. This revolutionary period is crucial in understanding the transition from feudalism to modernity in Europe.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
This is a presentation by Dada Robert in a Your Skill Boost masterclass organised by the Excellence Foundation for South Sudan (EFSS) on Saturday, the 25th and Sunday, the 26th of May 2024.
He discussed the concept of quality improvement, emphasizing its applicability to various aspects of life, including personal, project, and program improvements. He defined quality as doing the right thing at the right time in the right way to achieve the best possible results and discussed the concept of the "gap" between what we know and what we do, and how this gap represents the areas we need to improve. He explained the scientific approach to quality improvement, which involves systematic performance analysis, testing and learning, and implementing change ideas. He also highlighted the importance of client focus and a team approach to quality improvement.
How to Make a Field invisible in Odoo 17Celine George
It is possible to hide or invisible some fields in odoo. Commonly using “invisible” attribute in the field definition to invisible the fields. This slide will show how to make a field invisible in odoo 17.
The Indian economy is classified into different sectors to simplify the analysis and understanding of economic activities. For Class 10, it's essential to grasp the sectors of the Indian economy, understand their characteristics, and recognize their importance. This guide will provide detailed notes on the Sectors of the Indian Economy Class 10, using specific long-tail keywords to enhance comprehension.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
Instructions for Submissions thorugh G- Classroom.pptxJheel Barad
This presentation provides a briefing on how to upload submissions and documents in Google Classroom. It was prepared as part of an orientation for new Sainik School in-service teacher trainees. As a training officer, my goal is to ensure that you are comfortable and proficient with this essential tool for managing assignments and fostering student engagement.
4. Health & Safety Management
Objectives
1. What is Industrial Safety?
2. Why Manage Health & Safety – 3 Good Reasons
3. Cost and Consequences of Accidents – Video
4. Accident Causation theory
• Common cause of accidents in construction
5. How Manage Health & Safety – HSG (65) Model
• 4 C’s for Positive Health & Safety Culture
• Proactive & Reactive Monitoring
6. Principle of Control in H&S
• Hazards & Risk Management
• Safe System of work, PTW
• Hierarchy of Control – Video
7. Principle of Accident prevention
• MEEP – Material, Equipment, Environment & People
• IITS - Information, Instruction , Training and Supervisions
5. Health & Safety Management
Industrial Safety
State of freedom from dangers /
hazards / risk in an industrial
activities.
7. Health & Safety Management
Why manage Health & Safety ?
ILO Facts:
According to International Labor Organization
Around the World millions of men and women work in poor
and hazardous conditions
More than 160 million workers fall ill each year due to
workplace hazards
Small enterprises account for over 90% of enterprises
where conditions are often very poor and the workers in
them are often excluded from all labor protection.
8. Health & Safety Management
Why manage Health & Safety ?
Highest accident Rate in Construction industries-
Reference – HSE, UK Statistics
9. Health & Safety Management
Why manage Health & Safety ?
UAE Accident Statistics:
10. Health & Safety Management
Why manage Health & Safety ?
UAE Accident Statistics: Dubai
7
20
373
616
354
364
These accident records belongs to only 36 Main contractor who are
the member of Buildsafeuae. (www.buildsafeuae.com)
11. Health & Safety Management
Why manage Health & Safety ?
Three Good Reasons:
There are clear, pressing reasons why businesses should effectively
manage health and safety
1. Costs (Financial Loss)
2. Humanitarian and Moral reasons
3. To Avoid Prosecution
12. Health & Safety Management
Reason 1: Costs (Financial)
The true cost of accidents is a lot higher than most people realise.
Cost of failure is not easy to calculate, but includes:
Medical Treatment
Accident investigation,
Replacement labour,
Loss of reputation,
Compensation,
Increased Insurance premium
Studies have shown that the true cost of accidents were as
much as 37% of the annual profit in one organisation
13. Health & Safety Management
Reason 2: Humanitarian and Moral reasons
Our lives depends on what
we do at work. As a
human being We all
(Employers / Employees)
have moral obligation not
to cause harm to others.
Employers have the moral
obligation towards their
employees and others.
14. Health & Safety Management
Reason 3: To avoid prosecution
Employers & Employees showing negligence towards
health and safety regulations resulting in accidents
may serve a severe penalties or/and imprisonment.
Supervisor jailed after crane collapses on workers
by Amy Glass on Sunday, 06 July 2008
CRANE KILLINGS:A Doha court has jailed a construction site
supervisor for two years after a crane collapsed, killing four men and
injured three others, Qatar daily Gulf Times reported on Sunday.
The supervisor, from Syria, and his employer were also fined 20,000 Qatari
riyals ($5,499) each for the accident which killed three Filipino men and
one Indian man.
The accident occurred on March 19, 2007, when a crane being operated
for the first time tilted and fell upon the workers at a construction site near
the West Bay, Doha.
The supervisor, his employer and insurance firm were jointly ordered to
pay 150,000 Qatari riyals as ‘blood money’ to families of three of the
victims, the newspaper said.
16. Health & Safety Management
Cost and Consequences of Accident
17. Health & Safety Management
Cost and consequences of accident
Direct costs:
Hospitalization charges
Family suffering , Loss of job
Lost man days
Sick leave pay
Indirect costs:
Investigation cost
Loss of wages
Cost of damage to equipments
Idle time of equipment and machinery
Low productivity due to low morale of
workers
Improvement costs
Cost of low output by new worker
Costs for redesigning workplace
Replacement of worker / equipment
Retraining cost
Delay in work / stoppage of work
Fines
Compensations / blood money
cost of reputation of company , morale
which ultimately results in poor industrial
relations and loss of goodwill in the
market. And many more…
18. Health & Safety Management
Cost and consequences of accidents
20. Health & Safety Management
Definitions:
• Incident: An unplanned and undesired work related event in which
harm occurred or could have occurred.
o Accident: An accident is an incident, which has given rise to injury,
ill health or fatality.
o Nearmiss / Near-hit / Dangerous Occurrence: an incident where
no harms occurred
• LTA (Lost Time Accidents): a work related injury causing disablement
extending 48 hrs beyond the day or shift on which the accident
occurred.
Or simply, More than 3 days (including the day of accident)
disablement due to work Injury.
21. Health & Safety Management
Accident Causation Theory
As per Henrich
• 88% of the accident are caused by unsafe act and
10% by unsafe condition.
• For every accident resulting in an injury, there are
many other similar accidents that causes no injuries.
ACCIDENT ANALYSIS
UNSAFE CONDITION
10%
UNSAFE ACT
88%
NATURAL CALAMITIES
2%
• It is estimated by him that in a group of 330
accidents of the same kind involving the same
person and similar circumstances,
300 result in no injury,
29 in minor injury and
one in a major/ lost time/fatality.
1
29
300
So, how the major accidents can be prevented at sites…?
98% of accidents could be prevented by correcting the unsafe act and unsafe condition.
This proves that there are sample of opportunities for preventing accidents.
22. Health & Safety Management
Major causes of accidents in construction
1. Fall from Height
2. Fall of Materials
3. Structure collapse
4. Fire
5. Electrocution
6. Vehicle /
machineries related
7. Other reasons
Fall from height is the biggest
killer in construction industries.
50% of all accidents are caused
due fall from height.
50 %
50 %
23. Health & Safety Management
Year – unknown,
Month May to July.
No of Fatality - 10
1. Fall from Height - 6
2. Fall of Materials -2
3. Electrocution -2
UNSAFE ACTIONS AND
UNSAFE CONDITIONS ARE
THE ONLY REASON BEHIND
THESE ACCIDENTS.
24. Health & Safety Management
Accident Causes
UNSAFE PEOPLE
Create
UNSAFE CONDITIONS / PLACES
Which cause
ACCIDENTS
And these often result in
INJURY OR DAMAGE
For every accident there is a preventable cause …. Find & Fix the cause BEFORE the accident
25. Health & Safety Management
Any act which deviates from accepted norm or
correct procedure or practice, which has a
potential to cause accident.
UNSAFE ACTION
Operating without authority
Working on unprotected area
Failure to use PPE
Use of drug / alcohol
Improper lifting
Improper loading
Failure to warn person
Horseplay
26. Health & Safety Management
Any physical condition which deviates from
accepted norm or practice and has the
potential to cause accident.
UNSAFE CONDITION
Inadequate supports or guards
Defective tools, equipment or supplies
Inadequate warning system
Poor housekeeping
Hazardous atmospheric conditions
Poor illumination/ventilation
Slippery floors
Excessive noise …….
27. Health & Safety Management
SEQUANCE OF ACCIDENT OCCURANCE
The basic theory of accident occurrence -
1. An accident occurs due to an unsafe act or unsafe
condition or both.
2. Unsafe acts and unsafe conditions exist because of
human faults.
3. Faults of human are inherited due to
Lack of knowledge and skill
Lack of supervision
Improper mechanical and physical
environment
Whenever an accident occurs there is always a
chain of events that occur in a logical and fixed
order
3 causes of accident
Reason behind Unsafe Action & Unsafe
Condition
28. Health & Safety Management
How manage Health & Safety?
P-Plan D-Do
A-Act C-
Check
A C
DP
29. Health & Safety Management
HSG 65 Health & Safety Management System Model
Developing Annual
H&S Planning &
Schedule for
implementation.
Information link
CONTROL LINK
POLICY
ORGANISING
PLANNING &
IMPLEMENTING
MEASURING
PERFORMANCE
AUDIT AND
REVIEW
REVIEWING
PERFORMANCE
Policy & Procedure
development
Setting clear responsibilities,
Organising employees (4Cs).
Feedback loop to
improve performance
Proactive and reactive
monitoring
Developing
techniques
of planning,
measuring
and
reviewing
30. Health & Safety Management
HSG 65 Health & Safety Management System
1. POLICY OHS policy authorised by the organisations top management that clearly
states overall H&S objectives and commitment to improving H&S performances
AMANA OHS / IMS Policy Statements:
This Statement has been developed by AMANA to stress our belief that the effective implementation of Integrated Management
System (IMS) plays significant role in doing business and affirms our commitment to the continual improvement and to the
business excellence.
Amana is committed to:
Providing quality service to our customers by on-time completion of contracts, cost effectiveness, service up to the customers
satisfaction in accordance with the local regulations and following international standards.
Reducing impacts to Environmental contamination to acceptable levels by the strict adoption of the relevant international
standards and local regulations.
Providing particular attention to reduce the consumption of water and energy by involving employees on individual basis to follow
Reduce-Reuse-Recycle methodology and by participating in conservation / protection of the Environment.
Ensuring a safe and healthy work environment for employees by increasing awareness of safety measures.
The effective implementation of the Integrated Management System in compliance with ISO 9001:2008, OHSAS 18001:2007 and ISO
14001:2004, and to monitor its continual improvement through regular training & developments, value added internal audits,
Customer feedback and through achieving set objectives and targets of each department.
AMANA Integrated Management System (IMS) policy is authorized by the General Manager.
The Policy and the associated procedures will be reviewed regularly and if necessary revised by the Management and communicated
to all the employees. The Policy will be prominently displayed at all AMANA workplaces and also made available in public.
Approved by:
Mohammad Bushnaq Date:26.04.2009
General Manager
31. Health & Safety Management
HSG 65 Health & Safety Management System
2. ORGANISING To make an effective health and safety policy an organisation needs to
get staff involved and committed. This is often referred to as a 'positive
health and safety culture'.
4 Cs for Positive Health & Safety Culture:
Competence: recruitment, training , Qualification,
Experience, Knowledge.
Commitments & Control: allocating responsibilities,
securing commitment, instruction and supervision.
Co-operation: internally between individuals, groups,
departments including consultation with health and safety
representatives and externally between clients, suppliers,
contractors etc.
Communication: spoken, written and visible.
32. Health & Safety Management
HSG 65 Health & Safety Management System
Engineer / Foremen Responsibilities in the context of a Generic HSE Plan:
1. Understanding the compliance of this safety plan and following the same in the day-to-
day activities.
2. Giving daily safety instructions to the workmen as a part of each job instructions,
highlighting the possible hazards and the necessary precautions to be taken.
3. Complying HSE Officer/Engineer’s recommendations given in his daily observation report
4. Maintaining work area neat and clean, with specific attention working at heights
keeping free from loose materials.
5. Taking an active part in the site safety meetings, when required.
6. Preventing horseplay of workmen.
7. Organizing “toolbox” talks to the workmen on a weekly basis and maintaining records
8. Identifying and eliminating all unsafe conditions in the work area by carrying out safety
inspections in the work area on a daily basis.
9. Sending the workmen employed by them on the first day itself to the HSE
Officer/Engineer for giving safety induction.
10.Maintaining all accident preventative measures in place and reporting any accidents /
incidents as required.
33. Health & Safety Management
HSG 65 Health & Safety Management System
3. PLANNING & IMPLEMENTATION
Planning is the key to ensuring that your health and safety efforts really work.
Planning for health and safety involves
1. Setting objectives,
2. Identifying hazards,
3. Assessing risks,
4. Safety procedures for hazardous operation
5. Implementing standards of performance and
6. Developing a positive culture.
It is often useful to record plans in writing.
Every AMANA projects are maintaining a project specific HSE Plan. We must
refer it to improve our HSE culture.
34. Health & Safety Management
HSG 65 Health & Safety Management System
4. MEASURING PERFORMANCE
Measurement is essential to maintain and improve health and safety performance.
Two ways of measuring performance are
Workplace inspections
Environmental monitoring
Safety tours
Progress monitoring of objectives
Performance reviews
Review of training assessments
Management system audits
Health surveillance
Active / Proactive Monitoring:
Active monitoring is a way of looking at things before
things go wrong / Accidents
35. Health & Safety Management
HSG 65 Health & Safety Management System
4. MEASURING PERFORMANCE
Reactive Monitoring: after something goes wrong;
Reactive monitoring measures failure (accidents, incidents, damage
to property, unsafe conditions)
Accident investigation
Accident incident rates
Ill health incident rates
Accident frequency rates
Accident severity rates
Sickness absence
Property or product damage
Incidents / near misses
36. Health & Safety Management
HSG 65 Health & Safety Management System
5. REVIEWING PERFORMANCE
Internal and external audits complement
monitoring activities by determining whether the
health and safety policy, organisation and
systems are actually achieving the required
reliability and effectiveness.
An audit is not intended to identify all of the
hazards, it is intended as an evaluation of health
and safety management systems.
37. Health & Safety Management
Step 1
Establish standards
for health & safety
management based
on risk assessment
and legal
requirements
Step 2
Implement plans to
achieve objectives
and standards
Step 4
Review against
objectives and
standards and take
appropriate action
Step 3
Measure progress
with plans and
compliance with
standards
A C
DP
PDCA Cycle
Plan
Do
Check
Act
39. Health & Safety Management
Tools to Control Health & Safety
Risk Assessment
Safe system of work
Permit to work system
Hierarchy of Control
40. Health & Safety Management
Risk assessment is the process of identifying
and evaluating a hazard to determine the
level of action required to reduce a risk to
an acceptable level.
Risk Assessment
It is nothing more than a careful
examination of workplace Hazard, so that
we can evaluate whether the we have
taken enough precautions or are required
to take additional precautions, to prevent
harm occurring.
Uncontrolled Hazard
Risk / Harm
Controlled Hazards
41. Health & Safety Management
Hazard: Something with the potential to cause harm such as
A source – working at height,
A substance –handling of chemicals,
A part of a machine – circular saw blade,
A method of work – lifting method,
A form of energy, or a situation – overburden on the edge of excavation
Risk Assessment
42. Health & Safety Management
Risk is expressed as: Likelihood of
Occurrence × Severity of Hazard = Risk
And the results are expressed in term of
quantity such as high risk, medium risk
and low risk.
Risk:
Risk Assessment
Harm:
Includes death, injury, physical or mental ill health,
damage to property or the environment, loss of
production or any combination of these
A measure of the likelihood that the
harm from a particular hazard will
occur, taking into account the
possible severity of the harm.
43. Health & Safety Management
FIVE steps to RISK ASSESSMENT
1. Look for the Hazards
2. Decide who might be harmed and in what circumstances
3. Evaluate the risks, and the adequacy of existing controls
4. Record the significant findings
5. Review the assessment
1. Look for the Hazards
- Hazard type – Physical, Chemical, Biological, agronomical
- Hazard Sources – Materials, Equipments, Environment, People
- Hazard identification techniques – Workplace inspection,
Manufacturer instruction, MSDS
44. Health & Safety Management
2. Decide who might be harmed and in what circumstances
include visitors, public and new workers
3. Evaluate the risks, and the adequacy of existing controls
Consider the likelihood and severity
See the adequacy of existing control
Consider Legal requirements, Generally accepted industry
standards
Make the risk smaller
4. Record the significant findings
5. Review the assessment
in case of new machine, substances and procedure introduced
new legal requirements
FIVE steps to RISK ASSESSMENT
46. Health & Safety Management
Term Injury type Value
Negligible Minor injury requiring no first-aid, no loss of materials 1
Firs-Aid Injury First-aid treatment required, no further loss of time 2
Minor Injury Injured person resumes his duties within 3 days.(< 3 days) 3
Major Injury (LTI) Major injury per event resulting in LTI (> 3 days). 4
Sever
Multiple major injuries, single severe/ disabling injury or
occupational illness
5
Fatality Single or multiple fatality per event 6
Value Status Description
6
Certain or
imminent
Constant exposure - Happens regularly on this site
5 Very likely Workers expected to use control measures every time (say PPE)
4 Likely Workers expected to adjust control measures every time
3 May happen
Control measures may break down, e.g. machinery or other
workers not taking required action
2 Unlikely
Multiple control measures where failure of one does not create
harm
1 Very unlikely Control measures unlikely to break down or be easily removed
Likelihood of harm:
Severity is the degree or
extent of injury or harm
caused by the hazards, or
as a result of an accident
Severity of harm:
Likelihood / Probability
of occurrence of an
accident or incident
or ill health
High (17-36)
Review urgently required to determine whether the risk can be removed or reduced, or the controls
improved
Medium (8-16)
Risks not acceptable, hazards and controls need investigation to consider reasonable practicable
improvements
Low (1-7) Acceptable
Risk Rating:
47. Health & Safety Management
Example – Working at Height
The probability of falling off an edge is more likely the closer you are working to it
Likelihood = X
Severity = Y
Likelihood = X+X
Severity = Y
Likelihood = X+X+X
Severity = Y
SEVERETY - unchanged
48. Health & Safety Management
Safe system of work
“A safe system of work is a formal procedure (refer – Safety
Plan, Operation control procedures, general procedures)
which results from a systematic examination of the task in
order to identify all the hazards.
It defines safe methods to ensure that hazards are eliminated
or risks minimised.”
Develop a safe system of work
1. Analyse the task
MEEP (Materials, Equipment and Plant, Environment, People)
2. Implement the system
3. Monitor the system
49. Health & Safety Management
High risk activities including
Excavation
Hot work
Confined space entry
Live working
Hazardous areas
Maintenance operations
Pressurized systems
Permit to work
A PTW, part of safe system of work is a documented control system
requiring written confirmation that certain actions have been carried out
to eliminate or control the risks before a significant high risk activities.
PTW
•------
•------
HOT WORKConfined Space
ExcavationHazardous Energy
51. Health & Safety Management
Format of a Permit to Work
Issue
Receipt
Clearance and return to
service
Cancellation
Extensions / Revalidation
Permit Issuer: One who is authorized to issue
PTW, he must attend the required safety
trainings and approved by Project Manager.
Project / Site Engineer can be a PTW Issuer.
Permit Receiver: One who is authorized to
receive PTW, he must attend the required
safety trainings and approved by Project
Manager.
Foreman / Technician can be a PTW
Receiver.
52. Health & Safety Management
General Hierarchy of Control Measures
The detailed management strategy identified in the principles of
prevention and is used specifically in the RISK ASSESSMENT to
decide the most effective measures in a particular situation.
The H&S measures should be considered in the following order of priority –
a useful memory aide is : ERIC Prevents Death)
53. Health & Safety Management
Eliminate the Hazards:
Eliminate the task, e.g.;
- Buying a readymade components instead of homemade
Eliminate the hazard, e.g.;
- Using water instead of solvent based paints,
- Using mechanical lifting instead of manual lifting.
Reduce the Risk:
- Using 110 V electrical equipment instead of 240 V,
- Substituting a solvent based adhesive with water based
adhesive.
- Making 2 loads of 25 kg instead of one load of 50kg.
Safe
Place
Safe
Person
Safe
Place
Safe
PersonE R I C Prevents Death
54. Health & Safety Management
Isolate the hazard and people
Isolate the hazard i.e. by enclosing or containing it. E.g.
- Guarding dangerous part of machine,
- Enclosing noisy part of machine,
Segregate the people i.e. keep the people away from the
hazard e.g.;
- Erecting barriers around excavation,
- Fitting guardrails to scaffolds,
Safe
Place
Safe
Person
Safe
Place
Safe
PersonE R I C Prevents Death
55. Health & Safety Management
Control
Engineering control i.e. using engineering design to reduce the risks
e.g.
- Local exhaust ventilation to remove contamination,
- Using a RCD.
Changing work pattern or method e.g.; developing job rotation
systems to reduce exposure;
- Using noisy machine for short time only each day;
- Providing exclusion zones to reduce the number of person
exposed to a hazard;
Safe
Place
Safe
Person
Safe
Place
Safe
PersonE R I C Prevents Death
56. Health & Safety Management
PPE: this is least effective means of controlling hazards
All other options should be considered first and should be arranged wherever
possible PPE may then be used as a means of protecting from the risks that remain or
as a back up to the measured provided.
Giving priority to Collective protective measures over individual protective
measures. E.g.;
-local exhaust ventilation systems rather provision of PPE (only)
Discipline: Discipline refers to the discipline of the individual workers to follow the system of
work in place and their training. e.g.;
- Obtain compliance with rules and following procedures.
Safe
Place
Safe
Person
Safe
Place
Safe
PersonE R I C Prevents Death
57. Health & Safety Management
7 STEPS TO MANAGING
SAFETY IN THE WORK
PLACE
59. Health & Safety Management
PRINCIPLES OF ACCIDENT PREVNETION
All accidents are caused they don’t just happen, if not
corrected the same type of accident will occur. All
accidents are preventable because they caused due to
1. PEOPLE (Human Failure in unsafe acts/ unsafe
conditions. )
2. MATERIAL
3. EQUIPMENT
4. ENVIRONMENT
60. Health & Safety Management
Environment
Temperature, Lighting,
Noise, Ventilation etc.
Materials, Equipment, Environment and People
People
Systems
Training
Skills
Motivation
etc.
Equipment
Design
Ergonomics
Maintenance
Inspections etc.
Materials
Use
Handling
Storage
Transportation
Disposal etc.
61. Health & Safety Management
The People –
Be adequately trained and informed
Be competent
Adopt safe systems of work
Use PPE provided
Be aware of emergency procedures
Be aware of the safety policy and supporting procedures
The Equipment and Machine –
Regular inspections by competent persons
No defective equipment to be used
Adequate service and maintenance
Records and reports maintained
Adequate guarding provisions
Proper handling, lifting & slinging
Secured plant when in use and parked
Hand tool inspection and maintenance
62. Health & Safety Management
The working environment –
Floors – clean, level, slip free, unobstructed
Stairs, gangways & platforms – guarded and maintained
Openings – edges & holes protected
Projections & obstacles – protected
Lighting – adequate
Material storage – safe stacking
Warning signs – suitable and sufficient
Ventilation – adequate
Waste – controlled accumulation
Escape routes – suitably identified
Safe systems of work – maintained
Emergency equipment – suitable, sufficient & persons
trained in use.
63. Health & Safety Management
Information & Instruction:
An effective means to motivate the employees towards safety.
As multilingual, multicultural employees are with us, therefore verities of
communication media should be used to overcome language barriers
and the inability of some employees to read
IITS – Information, Instruction, Training & Supervision
Formal - Safety
committees, audits,
inspections, Risk
assessments,
training etc
Informal - On the job
training, toolbox talks
Written - Minutes of
meetings,
newsletters, memos
Verbal - Instructions,
SSs of W, SOPs
Visual - Posters,
safety signs, hazard
warnings on
machinery, colour
coding
64. Health & Safety Management
Training:
A best techniques to motivate the employees towards safety for a positive H&S
culture.
General Types of trainings:
1. Safety Induction Training
2. Daily / Weekly Tool Box Talk
3. Job Specific Training
4. 3rd Party Approved Safety Training
Training will give the employee a boost to his confidence while performing the
task.
Appropriate job skill & positive orientation of mind helps to reduce incident
rate.
Legal requirements – to inform significant
workplace hazards and measures
65. Health & Safety Management
Supervision
Accident trends can be strongly influenced by providing
adequate training and supervision to control the worker and
his environment.
An ideal Supervisor:
1. Follow general Duty of Care
2. Perform as per his Safety Responsibilities
3. Observe hazards in his area
4. Communicate Safety Measures to his
employees
5. Report accidents / incidents
6. Believe – Safety is a team work and it is
everybody responsibility
66. Health & Safety Management
11 SAFETY PRINCIPLES FOR SUPERVISION
Plan safety into every job.
Anticipate the unexpected - Anticipate.
Identify hazards before an injury occurs.
Correct unsafe acts or conditions on the spot.
Discourage unsafe behaviors, Encourage Safe Behaviors!!
Promote incident reporting in the early stages.
Ensure employees have the proper tools for the job.
Ensure employees follow established safety procedures.
Conduct frequent safety inspections in the field.
Consult with your safety representative when necessary.
Give positive reinforcement for safe work.
67. Health & Safety Management
Safety should be managed like other company function. Management
should direct the safety effort by setting achievable goals, by planning,
organizing and controlling to achieve them.
The key to effective line safety performance is management procedures
that fix accountability.
Basic Principle of Safety
Safety performance must be accurately measured. This measurement
must be proactive.
Safety is line management responsibility. Line managers / supervisors must
be held accountable for their group’ performance.
The organization must do whatever is necessary to ensure safety and
well being of its employee.
68. Health & Safety Management
CONCLUSION
Let us analyze the hazards in
construction sites and take
necessary preventive HSE
measures to have a healthy, safe &
pollution free Project.
“Start Safe – Stay Safe”
69. Quiz
1. Safety policy must be authorised and signed by whom? – 1m
2. What are THREE good reasons to manage Health & Safety? - 3m
3. What is P-D-C-A Cycle? -4m
4. What are the FOUR major sources of Hazards? -4m
5. What is the single cause of accidents in construction sites, causing
approx 50% of all accidents? – 2m
6. What are FIVE Steps of Risk Assessments? -5m
7. What are general Hierarchy of Control? -5m Remember ERIC PD
8. T / F – PPE (Safety Helmets etc) should be given priorities over other
means of control. -2m
9. T / F – To reduce hazards 220V appliances should be replaced with
110V appliance. 2m
10. T / F – Public & Visitor must not required to be considered while Risk
Assessment. 2m