Module-I (12 Hours)
Development of safety movement: - Need for safety-safety and productivity-planning for safetyplanning
procedure-safety policy-formulation of safety policy-safety budget-role and
qualification of safety professional-safety committees-need, types and functions of committeessafety
organizations.
Module II (12 Hours)
Accident prevention: - Basic philosophy of accident prevention-nature and causes of accidentsaccident
proneness-cost of accidents-accident prevention methods-Domino theory-safety
education and training-training methods-motivation and communicating safety-personal
protective equipments.
Module III (12 Hours)
Safety management techniques: - Safety inspection-Safety sampling technique-Safety audit-
Safety survey-Incident recall technique-Job safety analysis-Damage control-Risk management.
Involvement in safety: - Role of management-role of supervisors-role of workmen- role of
unions-role of government
Module IV (12 Hours)
Occupational health and hygiene: - Functional units and activities of occupational health and
hygiene-types of industrial hazards-physical, chemical, mechanical, electrical, social, biological,
ergonomic and environmental hazards-factors impeding safety-house keeping-hearing
conservation programme
Module V (12 Hours)
Industrial fire protection: - Fire chemistry-classification of fires-fire prevention activities-fire
risks-fire load -contributing factors to industrial fires-fire detection-industrial fire protection
systems.
Industrial Fire Safety is the set of practices intended to reduce the destruction caused by fire.
Industrial Fire Safety measures include those that are intended to prevent ignition of an uncontrolled fire, and those that are used to limit the development and effects of a fire after it starts.
Industrial fire safety is primarily a management activity which is concerned with
Reducing
Controlling &
Eliminating fire accident from the industries or industrial units.
Common Causes For Fire Hazards InIndustries - Electrical systems that are overloaded, resulting in hot wiring or connections, or failed components
Combustible storage areas with insufficient protection
Combustibles near equipment that generates heat, flame, or sparks
Candles and other open flames
Smoking (Cigarettes, cigars, pipes, lighters, etc.)
Equipment that generates heat and utilizes combustible materials
Four E's of Fire Safety - Engineering: i.e. safety at the design, equipment installation stage.
Education: i.e. education of employees in fire safety practices.
Enlistment: i.e. it concerns the attitude of the employees and management towards the programmed and its purpose. This necessary arose the interest of employees in fire accident prevention and safety consciousness.
Encouragement: i.e. to enforce adherence to fire safe rules and practices.Industrial Fire Safety Instruments
Over time, an increased understanding of the many factors that contribute to the risk of fire has led to positive developments in the fire protection of industrial structures. Improvements in public fire protection systems and services, as well as increased use of private active or passive systems through fire-protection and loss-control engineering, has meant an overall decrease in the cost of industrial fire hazards. A discussion of the factors affecting insurance premium
Industrial Fire Safety is the set of practices intended to reduce the destruction caused by fire.
Industrial Fire Safety measures include those that are intended to prevent ignition of an uncontrolled fire, and those that are used to limit the development and effects of a fire after it starts.
Industrial fire safety is primarily a management activity which is concerned with
Reducing
Controlling &
Eliminating fire accident from the industries or industrial units.
Common Causes For Fire Hazards InIndustries - Electrical systems that are overloaded, resulting in hot wiring or connections, or failed components
Combustible storage areas with insufficient protection
Combustibles near equipment that generates heat, flame, or sparks
Candles and other open flames
Smoking (Cigarettes, cigars, pipes, lighters, etc.)
Equipment that generates heat and utilizes combustible materials
Four E's of Fire Safety - Engineering: i.e. safety at the design, equipment installation stage.
Education: i.e. education of employees in fire safety practices.
Enlistment: i.e. it concerns the attitude of the employees and management towards the programmed and its purpose. This necessary arose the interest of employees in fire accident prevention and safety consciousness.
Encouragement: i.e. to enforce adherence to fire safe rules and practices.Industrial Fire Safety Instruments
Over time, an increased understanding of the many factors that contribute to the risk of fire has led to positive developments in the fire protection of industrial structures. Improvements in public fire protection systems and services, as well as increased use of private active or passive systems through fire-protection and loss-control engineering, has meant an overall decrease in the cost of industrial fire hazards. A discussion of the factors affecting insurance premium
This presentation is all about industrial safety and precaution. the precaution that we have to take while working on any industries.
Thankyou
made by -Head of department Mechanical engg. govt polytechnic college, seoni(M.P)
PRAKASH SHINDE
Safety Audit can be defined as verifying the existence and implementation of elements of occupational safety and health system and for verifying the system’s ability to achieve defined safety objectives.
This presentation will give you an overview of Audit, Safety Audit, Audit Process, Auditor attributes. It also discusses about the different reference standards in India related to safety audit and will give you some take home points.
Basic Accident Prevention and Occupational Safety & Healthjhaymz02
Explain the basic principles and practice of accident and disease prevention in the workplace;
Express commitment in preventing the occurrence and recurrence of accidents and diseases within their organization.
This presentation is all about industrial safety and precaution. the precaution that we have to take while working on any industries.
Thankyou
made by -Head of department Mechanical engg. govt polytechnic college, seoni(M.P)
PRAKASH SHINDE
Safety Audit can be defined as verifying the existence and implementation of elements of occupational safety and health system and for verifying the system’s ability to achieve defined safety objectives.
This presentation will give you an overview of Audit, Safety Audit, Audit Process, Auditor attributes. It also discusses about the different reference standards in India related to safety audit and will give you some take home points.
Basic Accident Prevention and Occupational Safety & Healthjhaymz02
Explain the basic principles and practice of accident and disease prevention in the workplace;
Express commitment in preventing the occurrence and recurrence of accidents and diseases within their organization.
This presentation was used in One day Workshop on HSEQ Management System in an Integrated Format for OMNI Group Power Plants.
Regards
SAAD ABDUL WAHAB (HSE Specialist)
92 333 3235554, saadawkhan@yahoo.com
Practical approach to implement and comply to ISO 45001:2016 Occupational Health & Safety Standard.
This presentation will help organisations to effectively implement and keep the compliance to ISO 45001:2016 OHSA Standard
The most valuable asset your organization has is
its employees. By improving safety and preventing accidents, you can protect your work force
while also reducing your workers’ compensation
costs. And the BWC’s Division of Safety and
Hygiene is here to help.
This basic safety and health manual for the
Ohio construction industry summarizes successful accident-prevention principles and techniques. While application of these techniques
may vary according to the size and nature of
your company’s operations, the basic principles
remain the same.
Business continuity and disaster recovery are not the same but complement each other. Planning on BCP and DRP is necessary for all business. This slide contains information on how to achieve and maintain them.
ME010 801 Design of Transmission Elements
(Common with AU010 801)
Teaching scheme Credits: 4
2 hours lecture, 2 hour tutorial and 1 hour drawing per week
Objectives
To provide basic design skill with regard to various transmission elements like clutches, brakes, bearings and
gears.
Module I (20 Hrs)
Clutches - friction clutches- design considerations-multiple disc clutches-cone clutch- centrifugal clutch -
Brakes- Block brake- band brake- band and block brake-internal expanding shoe brake.
Module II (17 Hrs)
Design of bearings - Types - Selection of a bearing type - bearing life - Rolling contact bearings - static
and dynamic load capacity - axial and radial loads - selection of bearings - dynamic equivalent load -
lubrication and lubricants - viscosity - Journal bearings - hydrodynamic theory - design considerations -
heat balance - bearing characteristic number - hydrostatic bearings.
Module III (19 Hrs)
Gears- classification- Gear nomenclature - Tooth profiles - Materials of gears - design of spur, helical,
bevel gears and worm & worm wheel - Law of gearing - virtual or formative number of teeth- gear tooth
failures- Beam strength - Lewis equation- Buckingham’s equation for dynamic load- wear loadendurance strength of tooth- surface durability- heat dissipation - lubrication of gears - Merits and
demerits of each type of gears.
Module IV (16 Hrs)
Design of Internal Combustion Engine parts- Piston, Cylinder, Connecting rod, Flywheel
Design recommendations for Forgings- castings and welded products- rolled sections- turned parts,
screw machined products- Parts produced on milling machines. Design for manufacturing - preparation
of working drawings - working drawings for manufacture of parts with complete specifications including
manufacturing details.
Note: Any one of the following data book is permitted for reference in the final University examination:
1. Machine Design Data hand book by K. Lingaiah, Suma Publishers, Bangalore/ Tata Mc Graw Hill
2. PSG Design Data, DPV Printers, Coimbatore.
Text Books
1. C.S,Sarma, Kamlesh Purohit, Design of Machine Elements Prentice Hall of India Ltd NewDelhi
2. V.B.Bhandari, Design of Machine Elements McGraw Hill Book Company
3. M. F. Spotts, T. E. Shoup, Design of Machine Elements, Pearson Education.
Reference Books
1. J. E. Shigley, Mechanical Engineering Design, McGraw Hill Book Company.
2. Juvinall R.C & Marshek K.M., Fundamentals of Machine Component Design, John Wiley
3. Doughtie V.L., & Vallance A.V., Design of Machine Elements, McGraw Hill Book Company.
4. Siegel, Maleev & Hartman, Mechanical Design of Machines, International Book Company
Refrigeration and air conditioning (full note)shone john
Principles of refrigeration: Thermodynamics of refrigeration - Carnot cycle,
reversed carnot cycle, heat pump, and refrigerating machine- coefficient of
performance - unit of refrigeration - refrigeration methods- conventional
refrigeration systems. Air refrigeration system- Bell Coleman cycle - C.O.P.
capacity work and refrigerant flow requirements in Bell - Coleman cycle.
Module 2
Vapour compression system: simple cycle -comparison with Carnot cycle -
theoretical, actual and reactive - COP effect of operating parameters on
COP - wet, dry and superheated compression - under cooling - actual cycle
representation on TS and PH diagrams simple problems. Advanced
vapour compression systems - multistage vapour compression systems -
flash chamber multiple compression and evaporation systems cascading -
simple problems.
Module 3
Vapour absorption systems: simple, cycles - actual cycle - ammonia water
and lithium bromide water systems - COP - electrolux system. Refrigerant
and their properties: Nomenclature - suitability of refrigerants for various
applications - unconventional refrigeration methods- Vortex tube, steamjet, magnetic (cryogenics) refrigeration and thermoelectric refrigeration -
applied refrigeration house hold refrigerators - unit air conditioners andModule 4
Refrigeration system components: condensers - water and air cooled
condensers - evaporative condensers - expansion devises - capillary tubeconstant pressure expansion valve - thermostatic expansion valve - float
valve and solenoid valve - evaporators - natural convection coils - flooded
evaporators - direct expansion coils. Reciprocating compressors: single
stage and multistage compressors - work done optimum pressure ratioeffect of interfolding - volumetric efficiency -effect of clearance -
isothermal and adiabatic efficiency - compressed air motors. Rotodynamic
compressors: Screw and vane type compressors - principle of operation -
hermetic, semihermetic and open type refrigeration compressors.
Module 5
Principles of air conditioning: Psychrometry and psychrometric chart
thermodynamics of human comfort - effective temperature - comfort chart
applied psychrometry - sensible heat factor - psychometric processproblems. Winter air conditioning: heating load calculations humidifiers
and humidistat. Summer air conditioning: cooling load calculations - year
round air conditioning - unitary and central systems - principles of air
distribution - design of air duct systems.
References
1. Refrigeration and air conditioning - Ballaney P. L.
2. Refrigeration and air conditioning - Stocker W. F.
3. Refrigeration and air conditioning - Jordan and Protester
4. Principles of Refrigeration - Roy J. Dossat
Module 1
Steam Engineering: Properties of steam - wet, dry and superheated steam -
dryness fraction - enthalpy and internal energy - entropy of steam - temperature
entropy diagram - process - Mollier chart - Rankine cycle for wet, dry and
superheated steam. Steam Generators - classification - modern steam generators -
boiler mountings and accessories.
Module 2
Steam nozzles - Mass flow rate - throat pressure for maximum discharge - throat
area - effect of friction - super saturated flow.
Steam turbines: velocity triangles, work done, governing, and efficiencies.
Module 3
Gas turbine Plants - Open and closed cycles - thermodynamics cycles -
regeneration, re heating - inter cooling - efficiency and performance of gas
turbines. Rotary Compressors - Analysis of rotary compressors - centrifugal and
axial compressors. Combustion - combustion chambers of gas turbines -
cylindrical, annular and industrial type combustion chamber - combustion
intensity - combustion chambers efficiency - pressure loss combustion process
and stability loop.
Module 4
Introduction to solar energy - solar collectors - Liquid flat plate collectors -
principle - thermal losses and efficiency - characteristics - overall loss coefficient
- thermal analysis - useful heat gained by fluid - mean plate temperature -
performance - focussing type solar collectors - solar concentrators and receivers
- sun tracking system - characteristics - optical losses - thermal performance -
solar pond - solar water heating - solar thermal power generation
Module 5
Thermal power plants: layout and operation of steam and diesel power plants - coal
burners - stockers - cooling ponds & towers - chimneys - draught - dust collectors -
precipitators - feed water heaters - evaporators - steam condensers - coal handling - ash
handling
B.TECH. DEGREE COURSE
SCHEME AND SYLLABUS
(2002-03 admission onwards)
MAHATMA GANDHI UNIVERSITY,mg university, KTU
KOTTAYAM
KERALA
Module 1
Introduction - Proprties of fluids - pressure, force, density, specific weight, compressibility, capillarity, surface tension, dynamic and kinematic viscosity-Pascal’s law-Newtonian and non-Newtonian fluids-fluid statics-measurement of pressure-variation of pressure-manometry-hydrostatic pressure on plane and curved surfaces-centre of pressure-buoyancy-floation-stability of submerged and floating bodies-metacentric height-period of oscillation.
Module 2
Kinematics of fluid motion-Eulerian and Lagrangian approach-classification and representation of fluid flow- path line, stream line and streak line. Basic hydrodynamics-equation for acceleration-continuity equation-rotational and irrotational flow-velocity potential and stream function-circulation and vorticity-vortex flow-energy variation across stream lines-basic field flow such as uniform flow, spiral flow, source, sink, doublet, vortex pair, flow past a cylinder with a circulation, Magnus effect-Joukowski theorem-coefficient of lift.
Module 3
Euler’s momentum equation-Bernoulli’s equation and its limitations-momentum and energy correction factors-pressure variation across uniform conduit and uniform bend-pressure distribution in irrotational flow and in curved boundaries-flow through orifices and mouthpieces, notches and weirs-time of emptying a tank-application of Bernoulli’s theorem-orifice meter, ventury meter, pitot tube, rotameter.
Module 4
Navier-Stoke’s equation-body force-Hagen-Poiseullie equation-boundary layer flow theory-velocity variation- methods of controlling-applications-diffuser-boundary layer separation –wakes, drag force, coefficient of drag, skin friction, pressure, profile and total drag-stream lined body, bluff body-drag force on a rectangular plate-drag coefficient for flow around a cylinder-lift and drag force on an aerofoil-applications of aerofoil- characteristics-work done-aerofoil flow recorder-polar diagram-simple problems.
Module 5
Flow of a real fluid-effect of viscosity on fluid flow-laminar and turbulent flow-boundary layer thickness-displacement, momentum and energy thickness-flow through pipes-laminar and turbulent flow in pipes-critical Reynolds number-Darcy-Weisback equation-hydraulic radius-Moody;s chart-pipes in series and parallel-siphon losses in pipes-power transmission through pipes-water hammer-equivalent pipe-open channel flow-Chezy’s equation-most economical cross section-hydraulic jump.
Mg university, KTU univeraity
Btech
Module 1 (8 hours)
Introduction: Historical development- application of cryogenics -present areas involving
cryogenic engineering-cryogenics in space technology- cryogenics in biology and medicinesuperconductivity applications.
Module 2 (12 hours)
Basic thermodynamics applied to liquefaction and refrigeration process – isothermal, adiabatic
and Joule Thomson expansion process -efficiency to liquefaction and coefficient of
performances- irreversibility and losses. Low temperature properties of engineering materials:
mechanical properties – thermal properties -electrical and magnetic properties. Properties of
cryogenic fluids- superconductivity and super fluidity - materials of constructions for cryogenic
applications.
Module 3 (15 hours)
Gas liquefaction systems: Production of low temperatures – general liquefaction systemsliquefaction systems for neon, hydrogen and helium.
Module 4 (15hours)
Cryogenic refrigeration systems: ideal refrigeration systems- refrigerators using liquids and gases
as refrigerants- refrigerators using solids as working media - adiabatic demagnetization method.
Module 5 (10 hours)
Cryogenic storage and transfer systems: Cryogenic fluid storage vessels- cryogenic fluid transfer
systems-cryo pumping.
Teaching scheme Credits: 4
3 hours lecture and 1 hour tutorial per week
Text Books
1. Barron R., Cryogenic Systems, Oxford Science Publications
2. Scott R.B., Cryogenic Engineering, Van Nostrand Co.
Reference Books
1. Mamata Mukhopadyay., Fundamentals of Cryogenic Engineering, PHI Learning
2. Haseldon G.G., Cryogenic Fundamentals, Academic Press
3. Flynn T.M., Cryogenic Engineering, Marcel Dekker.
Meet Crazyjamjam - A TikTok Sensation | Blog EternalBlog Eternal
Crazyjamjam, the TikTok star everyone's talking about! Uncover her secrets to success, viral trends, and more in this exclusive feature on Blog Eternal.
Source: https://blogeternal.com/celebrity/crazyjamjam-leaks/
As a film director, I have always been awestruck by the magic of animation. Animation, a medium once considered solely for the amusement of children, has undergone a significant transformation over the years. Its evolution from a rudimentary form of entertainment to a sophisticated form of storytelling has stirred my creativity and expanded my vision, offering limitless possibilities in the realm of cinematic storytelling.
Tom Selleck Net Worth: A Comprehensive Analysisgreendigital
Over several decades, Tom Selleck, a name synonymous with charisma. From his iconic role as Thomas Magnum in the television series "Magnum, P.I." to his enduring presence in "Blue Bloods," Selleck has captivated audiences with his versatility and charm. As a result, "Tom Selleck net worth" has become a topic of great interest among fans. and financial enthusiasts alike. This article delves deep into Tom Selleck's wealth, exploring his career, assets, endorsements. and business ventures that contribute to his impressive economic standing.
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Early Life and Career Beginnings
The Foundation of Tom Selleck's Wealth
Born on January 29, 1945, in Detroit, Michigan, Tom Selleck grew up in Sherman Oaks, California. His journey towards building a large net worth began with humble origins. , Selleck pursued a business administration degree at the University of Southern California (USC) on a basketball scholarship. But, his interest shifted towards acting. leading him to study at the Hills Playhouse under Milton Katselas.
Minor roles in television and films marked Selleck's early career. He appeared in commercials and took on small parts in T.V. series such as "The Dating Game" and "Lancer." These initial steps, although modest. laid the groundwork for his future success and the growth of Tom Selleck net worth. Breakthrough with "Magnum, P.I."
The Role that Defined Tom Selleck's Career
Tom Selleck's breakthrough came with the role of Thomas Magnum in the CBS television series "Magnum, P.I." (1980-1988). This role made him a household name and boosted his net worth. The series' popularity resulted in Selleck earning large salaries. leading to financial stability and increased recognition in Hollywood.
"Magnum P.I." garnered high ratings and critical acclaim during its run. Selleck's portrayal of the charming and resourceful private investigator resonated with audiences. making him one of the most beloved television actors of the 1980s. The success of "Magnum P.I." played a pivotal role in shaping Tom Selleck net worth, establishing him as a major star.
Film Career and Diversification
Expanding Tom Selleck's Financial Portfolio
While "Magnum, P.I." was a cornerstone of Selleck's career, he did not limit himself to television. He ventured into films, further enhancing Tom Selleck net worth. His filmography includes notable movies such as "Three Men and a Baby" (1987). which became the highest-grossing film of the year, and its sequel, "Three Men and a Little Lady" (1990). These box office successes contributed to his wealth.
Selleck's versatility allowed him to transition between genres. from comedies like "Mr. Baseball" (1992) to westerns such as "Quigley Down Under" (1990). This diversification showcased his acting range. and provided many income streams, reinforcing Tom Selleck net worth.
Television Resurgence with "Blue Bloods"
Sustaining Wealth through Consistent Success
In 2010, Tom Selleck began starring as Frank Reagan i
Are the X-Men Marvel or DC An In-Depth Exploration.pdfXtreame HDTV
The world of comic books is vast and filled with iconic characters, gripping storylines, and legendary rivalries. Among the most famous groups of superheroes are the X-Men. Created in the early 1960s, the X-Men have become a cultural phenomenon, featuring in comics, animated series, and blockbuster movies. A common question among newcomers to the comic book world is: Are the X-Men Marvel or DC? This article delves into the history, creators, and significant moments of the X-Men to provide a comprehensive answer.
Maximizing Your Streaming Experience with XCIPTV- Tips for 2024.pdfXtreame HDTV
In today’s digital age, streaming services have become an integral part of our entertainment lives. Among the myriad of options available, XCIPTV stands out as a premier choice for those seeking seamless, high-quality streaming. This comprehensive guide will delve into the features, benefits, and user experience of XCIPTV, illustrating why it is a top contender in the IPTV industry.
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Panchayat Season 3 - Official Trailer.pdfSuleman Rana
The dearest series "Panchayat" is set to make a victorious return with its third season, and the fervor is discernible. The authority trailer, delivered on May 28, guarantees one more enamoring venture through the country heartland of India.
Jitendra Kumar keeps on sparkling as Abhishek Tripathi, the city-reared engineer who ends up functioning as the secretary of the Panchayat office in the curious town of Phulera. His nuanced depiction of a young fellow exploring the difficulties of country life while endeavoring to adjust to his new environmental factors has earned far and wide recognition.
Neena Gupta and Raghubir Yadav return as Manju Devi and Brij Bhushan Dubey, separately. Their dynamic science and immaculate acting rejuvenate the hardships of town administration. Gupta's depiction of the town Pradhan with an ever-evolving outlook, matched with Yadav's carefully prepared exhibition, adds profundity and credibility to the story.
New Difficulties and Experiences
The trailer indicates new difficulties anticipating the characters, as Abhishek keeps on wrestling with his part in the town and his yearnings for a superior future. The series has reliably offset humor with social editorial, and Season 3 looks ready to dig much more profound into the intricacies of rustic organization and self-awareness.
Watchers can hope to see a greater amount of the enchanting and particular residents who have become fan top picks. Their connections and the one of a kind cut of-life situations give a reviving and interesting portrayal of provincial India, featuring the two its appeal and its difficulties.
A Mix of Humor and Heart
One of the signs of "Panchayat" is its capacity to mix humor with sincere narrating. The trailer features minutes that guarantee to convey giggles, as well as scenes that pull at the heartstrings. This equilibrium has been a critical calculate the show's prosperity, resounding with crowds across different socioeconomics.
Creation Greatness
The creation quality remaining parts first rate, with the beautiful setting of Phulera town filling in as a scenery that upgrades the narrating. The meticulousness in portraying provincial life, joined with sharp composition and solid exhibitions, guarantees that "Panchayat" keeps on hanging out in the packed web series scene.
Expectation and Delivery
As the delivery date draws near, expectation for "Panchayat" Season 3 is at a record-breaking high. The authority trailer has previously created critical buzz, with fans enthusiastically anticipating the continuation of Abhishek Tripathi's excursion and the new undertakings that lie ahead in Phulera.
All in all, the authority trailer for "Panchayat" Season 3 recommends that watchers are in for another drawing in and engaging ride. Yet again with its charming characters, convincing story, and ideal mix of humor and show, the new season is set to enamor crowds. Write in your schedules and prepare to get back to the endearing universe of "Panchayat."
From the Editor's Desk: 115th Father's day Celebration - When we see Father's day in Hindu context, Nanda Baba is the most vivid figure which comes to the mind. Nanda Baba who was the foster father of Lord Krishna is known to provide love, care and affection to Lord Krishna and Balarama along with his wife Yashoda; Letter’s to the Editor: Mother's Day - Mother is a precious life for their children. Mother is life breath for her children. Mother's lap is the world happiness whose debt can never be paid.
From Slave to Scourge: The Existential Choice of Django Unchained. The Philos...Rodney Thomas Jr
#SSAPhilosophy #DjangoUnchained #DjangoFreeman #ExistentialPhilosophy #Freedom #Identity #Justice #Courage #Rebellion #Transformation
Welcome to SSA Philosophy, your ultimate destination for diving deep into the profound philosophies of iconic characters from video games, movies, and TV shows. In this episode, we explore the powerful journey and existential philosophy of Django Freeman from Quentin Tarantino’s masterful film, "Django Unchained," in our video titled, "From Slave to Scourge: The Existential Choice of Django Unchained. The Philosophy of Django Freeman!"
From Slave to Scourge: The Existential Choice of Django Unchained – The Philosophy of Django Freeman!
Join me as we delve into the existential philosophy of Django Freeman, uncovering the profound lessons and timeless wisdom his character offers. Through his story, we find inspiration in the power of choice, the quest for justice, and the courage to defy oppression. Django Freeman’s philosophy is a testament to the human spirit’s unyielding drive for freedom and justice.
Don’t forget to like, comment, and subscribe to SSA Philosophy for more in-depth explorations of the philosophies behind your favorite characters. Hit the notification bell to stay updated on our latest videos. Let’s discover the principles that shape these icons and the profound lessons they offer.
Django Freeman’s story is one of the most compelling narratives of transformation and empowerment in cinema. A former slave turned relentless bounty hunter, Django’s journey is not just a physical liberation but an existential quest for identity, justice, and retribution. This video delves into the core philosophical elements that define Django’s character and the profound choices he makes throughout his journey.
Link to video: https://youtu.be/GszqrXk38qk
Skeem Saam in June 2024 available on ForumIsaac More
Monday, June 3, 2024 - Episode 241: Sergeant Rathebe nabs a top scammer in Turfloop. Meikie is furious at her uncle's reaction to the truth about Ntswaki.
Tuesday, June 4, 2024 - Episode 242: Babeile uncovers the truth behind Rathebe’s latest actions. Leeto's announcement shocks his employees, and Ntswaki’s ordeal haunts her family.
Wednesday, June 5, 2024 - Episode 243: Rathebe blocks Babeile from investigating further. Melita warns Eunice to stay clear of Mr. Kgomo.
Thursday, June 6, 2024 - Episode 244: Tbose surrenders to the police while an intruder meddles in his affairs. Rathebe's secret mission faces a setback.
Friday, June 7, 2024 - Episode 245: Rathebe’s antics reach Kganyago. Tbose dodges a bullet, but a nightmare looms. Mr. Kgomo accuses Melita of witchcraft.
Monday, June 10, 2024 - Episode 246: Ntswaki struggles on her first day back at school. Babeile is stunned by Rathebe’s romance with Bullet Mabuza.
Tuesday, June 11, 2024 - Episode 247: An unexpected turn halts Rathebe’s investigation. The press discovers Mr. Kgomo’s affair with a young employee.
Wednesday, June 12, 2024 - Episode 248: Rathebe chases a criminal, resorting to gunfire. Turf High is rife with tension and transfer threats.
Thursday, June 13, 2024 - Episode 249: Rathebe traps Kganyago. John warns Toby to stop harassing Ntswaki.
Friday, June 14, 2024 - Episode 250: Babeile is cleared to investigate Rathebe. Melita gains Mr. Kgomo’s trust, and Jacobeth devises a financial solution.
Monday, June 17, 2024 - Episode 251: Rathebe feels the pressure as Babeile closes in. Mr. Kgomo and Eunice clash. Jacobeth risks her safety in pursuit of Kganyago.
Tuesday, June 18, 2024 - Episode 252: Bullet Mabuza retaliates against Jacobeth. Pitsi inadvertently reveals his parents’ plans. Nkosi is shocked by Khwezi’s decision on LJ’s future.
Wednesday, June 19, 2024 - Episode 253: Jacobeth is ensnared in deceit. Evelyn is stressed over Toby’s case, and Letetswe reveals shocking academic results.
Thursday, June 20, 2024 - Episode 254: Elizabeth learns Jacobeth is in Mpumalanga. Kganyago's past is exposed, and Lehasa discovers his son is in KZN.
Friday, June 21, 2024 - Episode 255: Elizabeth confirms Jacobeth’s dubious activities in Mpumalanga. Rathebe lies about her relationship with Bullet, and Jacobeth faces theft accusations.
Monday, June 24, 2024 - Episode 256: Rathebe spies on Kganyago. Lehasa plans to retrieve his son from KZN, fearing what awaits.
Tuesday, June 25, 2024 - Episode 257: MaNtuli fears for Kwaito’s safety in Mpumalanga. Mr. Kgomo and Melita reconcile.
Wednesday, June 26, 2024 - Episode 258: Kganyago makes a bold escape. Elizabeth receives a shocking message from Kwaito. Mrs. Khoza defends her husband against scam accusations.
Thursday, June 27, 2024 - Episode 259: Babeile's skillful arrest changes the game. Tbose and Kwaito face a hostage crisis.
Friday, June 28, 2024 - Episode 260: Two women face the reality of being scammed. Turf is rocked by breaking
Scandal! Teasers June 2024 on etv Forum.co.zaIsaac More
Monday, 3 June 2024
Episode 47
A friend is compelled to expose a manipulative scheme to prevent another from making a grave mistake. In a frantic bid to save Jojo, Phakamile agrees to a meeting that unbeknownst to her, will seal her fate.
Tuesday, 4 June 2024
Episode 48
A mother, with her son's best interests at heart, finds him unready to heed her advice. Motshabi finds herself in an unmanageable situation, sinking fast like in quicksand.
Wednesday, 5 June 2024
Episode 49
A woman fabricates a diabolical lie to cover up an indiscretion. Overwhelmed by guilt, she makes a spontaneous confession that could be devastating to another heart.
Thursday, 6 June 2024
Episode 50
Linda unwittingly discloses damning information. Nhlamulo and Vuvu try to guide their friend towards the right decision.
Friday, 7 June 2024
Episode 51
Jojo's life continues to spiral out of control. Dintle weaves a web of lies to conceal that she is not as successful as everyone believes.
Monday, 10 June 2024
Episode 52
A heated confrontation between lovers leads to a devastating admission of guilt. Dintle's desperation takes a new turn, leaving her with dwindling options.
Tuesday, 11 June 2024
Episode 53
Unable to resort to violence, Taps issues a verbal threat, leaving Mdala unsettled. A sister must explain her life choices to regain her brother's trust.
Wednesday, 12 June 2024
Episode 54
Winnie makes a very troubling discovery. Taps follows through on his threat, leaving a woman reeling. Layla, oblivious to the truth, offers an incentive.
Thursday, 13 June 2024
Episode 55
A nosy relative arrives just in time to thwart a man's fatal decision. Dintle manipulates Khanyi to tug at Mo's heartstrings and get what she wants.
Friday, 14 June 2024
Episode 56
Tlhogi is shocked by Mdala's reaction following the revelation of their indiscretion. Jojo is in disbelief when the punishment for his crime is revealed.
Monday, 17 June 2024
Episode 57
A woman reprimands another to stay in her lane, leading to a damning revelation. A man decides to leave his broken life behind.
Tuesday, 18 June 2024
Episode 58
Nhlamulo learns that due to his actions, his worst fears have come true. Caiphus' extravagant promises to suppliers get him into trouble with Ndu.
Wednesday, 19 June 2024
Episode 59
A woman manages to kill two birds with one stone. Business doom looms over Chillax. A sobering incident makes a woman realize how far she's fallen.
Thursday, 20 June 2024
Episode 60
Taps' offer to help Nhlamulo comes with hidden motives. Caiphus' new ideas for Chillax have MaHilda excited. A blast from the past recognizes Dintle, not for her newfound fame.
Friday, 21 June 2024
Episode 61
Taps is hungry for revenge and finds a rope to hang Mdala with. Chillax's new job opportunity elicits mixed reactions from the public. Roommates' initial meeting starts off on the wrong foot.
Monday, 24 June 2024
Episode 62
Taps seizes new information and recruits someone on the inside. Mary's new job
In the vast landscape of cinema, stories have been told, retold, and reimagined in countless ways. At the heart of this narrative evolution lies the concept of a "remake". A successful remake allows us to revisit cherished tales through a fresh lens, often reflecting a different era's perspective or harnessing the power of advanced technology. Yet, the question remains, what makes a remake successful? Today, we will delve deeper into this subject, identifying the key ingredients that contribute to the success of a remake.
3. Safety Program Development
Assignment of responsibility
Hazard identification and control
Training and communication
Documentation and enforcement of safety rules
4. Safety Program
Maintenance of safe working conditions
Setting performance goals
Rewarding safety performance
Reviewing circumstances involved in incidents
◦ Taking appropriate correction actions
5. Safety Program (cont’d)
Establishing Safety performance objectives for
all levels of management
Including safety as part of management
performance reviews
Measuring effectiveness
10. Hidden Cost
Workers Compensation Cost
Replacement and training cost for new or
substitute employee
Poor Quality
Penalties for non-compliance
12. Planning a Project
Develop goals and objectives
Define project team
◦ Project Manager
◦ Site Supervisor
◦ Site Safety
Other Programs
13. Roles and Responsibilities
Supervisors/Management
◦ Establish safe work practices
◦ Enforce safety rules and regulations
◦ Train employees how to avoid hazards
◦ Enforce reporting work-related injuries, illnesses, and
near misses
Investigate causes of incidents or near misses
Take the appropriate action to prevent recurrence
◦ Ensure prompt medical attention
14. Roles and Responsibilities (cont’d)
Safety Professional
◦ Develop and implement accident prevention
programs
◦ Advise management on company policies and
governmental regulations
◦ Evaluate effectiveness of existing safety programs
◦ Train management in safety observation techniques
15. Why Have a Plan?
Designed to Protect
◦ Personnel
◦ Environment
◦ Public
◦ Operation and Equipment
16. Why Have a Plan (cont’d)
Government Regulations
◦ OSHA
◦ EPA
◦ State/Local
Public/Private Requirements
17. Typical Programs
Recordkeeping
◦ OSHA 300 log and supplementary forms
◦ OSHA 301, accident investigations
◦ Workers' compensation cases
◦ Employee's medical history
18. Typical Programs (cont’d)
Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)
◦ Proper use
◦ Employee training
◦ Enforcement
Dusty Operations
Unknown hazards
Hazardous waste operations and Emergency Response
19. Typical Programs(cont’d)
Hazard communication program
◦ Written program development and implementation
◦ Chemical Inventory
◦ Communicate safe work methods for:
Jobs-Specific activities
Non-routine tasks
Labeling requirements
MSDS
Employee training (contractors)
20. Typical Programs(cont’d)
Machine guarding
◦ Make sure that machine guarding is:
Replaced and tested for proper function when removed for
maintenance
Review electrical and mechanical interlocks to see if they
work properly
Equipment Repair
◦ Inspect and repair and/or replaced defective parts
21. Typical Programs(cont’d)
Lockout/Tagout
◦ Make sure that lockout/tagout procedures are established
◦ Employees trained
Others
◦ Confined-space entry
◦ Excavation
◦ Heavy equipment
◦ Air monitoring
28. Implementing the Work Plan
Essential in reducing injuries and illnesses
Maintains a safe environment
Designed to protect employees, company’s
facilities, and local community
29. Work Plan (cont’d)
Pre-entry briefing to alert personnel of hazards
Conduct Job Hazard Analysis as appropriate
Periodic safety inspection
◦ Correct known deficiencies
Must be available for review and updated as
required
30. Preparing Scope of Work
Teamwork
◦ Brain Storming
Project Impact Items
Show Stoppers
Delegating Responsibilities
Project Review
32. Identifying Project-Specific Requirements
Job Hazard Analysis
◦ Select activities with highest risk
◦ Break activity into individual components
◦ Identify potential hazards in each component
◦ Develop procedures to eliminate/reduce hazard
33. Contractor Pre-qualification
Must complete pre-qualification
◦ Incident rates
◦ Experience Modification Rates (EMR)
◦ OSHA recordable cases
◦ General company information
◦ Safety programs
◦ Medical surveillance programs
◦ Management philosophy
34. Project Start-Up
Review Contractor’s
◦ Scope of work
◦ H&S plan
Site-Specific training
Pre-Construction Meeting
35. Determine Contractor Relationship
Identify who supervises contractor employees
Must have on-site project supervisor/manager
Must share responsibility/liability
36. Contractor Project Management
Must share responsibility/liability
Must be able to interpret/manage safety
programs, solve problems effectively
Must have skills to recognize legal, financial, and
customer relations
37. Contractor-Management Responsibilities
29 CFR 1926.16(d)
◦ “Where joint responsibilities exists both the prime and their
subcontractor or subcontractors, regardless of tier, shall be
considered subject to the enforcement provisions of this Act”
29 CFR 1926.16(c)
◦ “With respect to subcontracted work, the prime contractor
and any subcontractor or subcontractors shall be deemed to
have joint responsibility”
38. Develop Emergency Response
Qualified to Perform
Equipment/ResponseTime Adequate
Aware of Operations and Hazards
39. Problems with Emergency Response
Guidelines NOT Followed
Improper Initial Response
Non-functioning Equipment
Environmental Conditions
41. Continual Improvement
Guidelines must be created for improvement
◦ Company policies
◦ Contractors rules/procedures
◦ H&S Plan
Learning from mistakes
Safety must be measured and monitored
42. Reviewing On-Going Operations
Conduct site safety inspections
Review training records and work permits
Review air monitoring data
Review how deficiencies are detected and
corrected
Conduct progress meetings
43. Summary
Eliminate hazards
Reduce risks when hazards cannot be
eliminated
Provide warning devices
Develop and implement procedures and
training
44. Summary (cont’d)
Engineering controls
◦ Preferred
◦ Permanent
◦ Not as dependent on human errors as other types
of controls, and is less likely to fail
Problem is usually corrected for good
45. Summary (cont’d)
Accountability must be present
Management commitment must be visible
Teamwork is a requisite for success
“Paper” safety programs are not acceptable
46.
47. MODULE – 2
ACCIDENT PREVENTION
•Basic philosophy of accident prevention
•Nature & cause of accident
•Accident proneness
•Cost of accidents
•Accident prevention method
•Domino theory
•Safety education 7 training
•Training methods
•Motivation & communicating safety
•Personal protective equipments (PPE)
48.
49.
50. INCIDENT- Situations which have occurred and
that had the potential to harm to a person or
damage equipment or property.
ACCIDENT – Unexpected and undesirable event
which causes or likely to cause damage or harm or
injury.
80. Basic Communication Tips
1. Think before you speak
2. Mind your body language
3. Be effective in speaking
4. Keep it simple
5. Consistent message
6. Provide support
7. Reinforce the message
8. Express appreciation
9. Know your employees
10.Set an example
90. TYPES OF INSPECTIONS
• Formal Inspections
• Daily/Weekly Inspections
• Special Function Inspections
91. WHO CAN CONDUCT INSPECTIONS
• Employees
• Supervisors
• Safety Coordinators
• Management
• Safety Committee Members
• Outside Vendors/insurance companies
92.
93. STEPS IN SAFETY INSPECTION
1. PALNNING
2. DEVELOPING
3. RECORDING
4. FOLLOW UP
5. MONITORING
94. SAFETY SAMPLING TECHNIQUE
• Defined as the grouping of dangerous
activities, processes, areas etc.
– Purpose of study
– Where to sample , what, who, how, analyze
95. SAFETY AUDIT
Safety auditing is a core safety management
activity, providing a means of identifying potential
problems before they have an impact on safety.
The objective of safety audit is to:
Verify compliance with established standards
(regulations, internal policies and industry wise
standards of practice)
Identify deviation from designed and planned
operating and maintenance procedure and
standards.
Identify conditions or operating procedures that
could lead to an accident and significant losses to life
or property.
96. • The General Safety Audit encompasses almost all
aspects of safety namely the Safety Management
System, Electrical Safety, Fire Safety, Mechanical
Safety, Maintenance, Physical & Chemical and
construction safety.
97. SAFETYAUDIT STEPS
1. Preparing for an Audit
2. Conduct the Audit
3. Create an Audit Report and Recommended
Actions
4. Set Corrective Action Priorities
5. Publish Audit Results
98.
99.
100. Safety surveys
• Safety surveys generally are cost-
effective, easy to administer and flexible
method for identifying hazards by
sampling the workforce opinion within
an organization.
• Surveys are used as a safety monitoring
tool to assess whether an existing
situation or organizational aspect is
satisfactory
101.
102. •Anyone performing inspections should be
trained on how to conduct those inspections.
•Daily, all employees should make a visual
inspection of their workplace prior to
beginning work.
•Supervisors, Safety Coordinators, and
Management personnel, as part of their daily
work routine, should make continuous visual
inspections and take corrective action to
address any unsafe acts or unsafe conditions
observed.
105. Incident recall
• Critical incident recall is an
technique particularly suited to high risk
environments.
• This method is based on collecting
information on hazards, near-misses,
unsafe conditions and unsafe actions from
working people.
• It can be used to investigate man-machine
relationship and to improve equipment and
operations.
106. •The technique consists of interviewing
personnel regarding involvement in
accident or near-misses, errors,
mistakes, difficulties and conditions
which may cause accident.
•It accomplishes the same result as an
accident investigation. Even isolated
incidents reported by the technique can
be investigated to determine whether
corrective action is necessary or
advantageous.
107. Job safety analysis (JSA)
• A job safety analysis (JSA) is a procedure which
helps integrate accepted safety and health
principles and practices into a particular task
or job operation.
• A systematic method of identifying hazards &
control measures to safely perform a specific
task.
108. BENEFITS OF JSA
• Training of new employees
• Accident investigation tool
• Supervisor evaluation tool
• Consistency in training
• Injury reduction
109. JSA PROCEDURE / STEPS
1. Select the job
2. Perform the Analysis / breaking the job
3. Identify hazards
4. Develop solutions
5. Conduct a Follow-up Analysis
6. Use of the Job Safety Analysis
7. Recordkeeping
110. Damage control
• The technique involves the systematic reporting,
investigation, costing and control of damage
accidents within an organization
1. Reporting
2. Investigation
3. Costing
4. Control
111. RISK MANAGEMENT
What is a "hazard?
An unsafe condition or practice that may or
may not cause damage to property,
equipment, materials or the environment OR
an injury or illness to an employee.
What is a risk :-
A risk is the chance that a hazard will actually
harm a worker
112. RISK ASSESMENT :-
• Overall Process of estimating the magnitude of
risk and deciding whether or not the risk is
tolerable.
• Risk factors to consider:
–Frequency: How many workers and how often
–Severity: How serious the harm
–Probability: How likely could it happen
113. RISK MANAGEMENT
• The process of identification, analysis, assessment,
control, and avoidance, minimization, or elimination
of unacceptable risks.
114.
115. Involvement in safety
1. Role of management
Management provides the leadership, vision, and resources
needed to implement an effective safety and health program.
Management leadership means that business owners,
managers, and supervisors:
• Make worker safety and health a core organizational value.
• Are fully committed to eliminating hazards, protecting
workers, and continuously improving workplace safety and
health.
• Provide sufficient resources to implement and maintain the
safety and health program.
• Visibly demonstrate and communicate their safety and
health commitment to workers and others.
• Set an example through their own actions.
116. • Communicate your commitment to a safety
and health program
• Define program goals
• Allocate resources
• Expect performance
117. 2. ROLE OF SUPERVISOR
1. Coordinate employee training sessions
2. Take advantage of “teachable moments”
3. Model what employees learn in training
4. Discussing changes to safety and health
policies/procedures
5. Completing incident investigations
6. Performing safety and health inspections
7. Be familiar with safety and health policies and
procedures
8. Conduct regular inspections of your work area
9. Provide feedback to employees on inspection
findings
118. 3.ROLE OF WORKMEN
1. Following established health and safety policies and
procedures.
2. Maintaining your personal work area in a clean and
orderly manner.
3. Wearing, maintaining and properly storing your
personal protective equipment (PPE).
4. Attending all safety training that your employer offers.
5. Volunteering to serve on your Safety Committee.
6. Using safe work practices to eliminate slips, trips and
falls.
7. Lifting safely and helping others to do the same.
8. Labeling all chemical containers and becoming familiar
with material safety data sheets.
9. Knowing evacuation procedures and the location of
emergency equipment.
124. What is Industrial Hygiene?
Industrial hygiene is the science of anticipating,
recognizing, evaluating, and controlling
workplace conditions that may cause workers'
injury or illness.
Key factors:
Employee exposure to hazards
Control for hazards to protect workers
125. Steps to Protect Employees
•Anticipate potential hazards
•Recognize potential hazards
•Evaluate exposure and risk
•Control exposure and risk
126. 1. Anticipate potential hazards
Identify potential hazards in the work place
2. Recognize potential hazards
• Air contaminants
• Chemical hazards
• Biological hazards
• Physical hazards
• Ergonomic hazards
132. 3.Evaluation
The extend of exposure to the chemical hazard,
physical, biological agents, adverse ergonomic
situation in the work place.
133. 4. Control
1. Engineering controls: Remove hazard
Process change, Chemical substitution
Ventilation, Shielding, Guarding
Requires little or no employee action
2. Administrative controls: Manage exposure
Worker rotation, Procedures, Training
Trench shoring, Controlled access areas
Requires employee action
3. Personal protective equipment (PPE)
Respirators, Gloves, Boots, Clothing
Fall protection equipment, Hard hats
Requires individual employee action
134. Benefits of occupational hygiene
•Improved worker health and increased life
expectancy
•Reduction in the number of people who have to
leave employment early through injury or illness
•Lower social and healthcare costs as well as
maximizing worker potential
•More efficient working processes with
technological improvements and increased
productivity.
135. Components occupational health services
•Health counseling
. Stress management
. Mental health
. And Physical health
. Rehabilitation programme
. Medical rehabilitation
. Social rehabilitation
. Educational rehabilitation
. Vocational rehabilitation
136. What is Occupational Hygiene?
Exposure
Work Activity
Disease
Occupational
Hygiene
Occupational
Medicine
Occupational
Health
137.
138. What is a "hazard?“
An unsafe condition or practice that may or
may not cause damage to property,
equipment, materials or the environment OR
an injury or illness to an employee.
139. TYPES OF HAZARDS:-
1. PHYSICAL HAZARD
2. CHEMICAL HAZARD
3. MECHANICAL HAZARD
4. ELECTRICAL HAZARD
5. SOCIAL HAZARD
6. BIOLOGICAL HAZARD
7. ERGONOMICS HAZARD
8. ENVIRONMENTAL HAZARD
140. PHYSICAL HAZARD
A physical hazard is an agent, factor or
circumstance that can cause harm with or without
contact.
Physical Hazards include:
• Radiation: including ionizing, non ionizing (EMF’s,
microwaves, radio waves, etc.)
•High exposure to sunlight/ultraviolet rays
•Temperature extremes – hot and cold Constant
loud noise
141. CHEMICAL HAZARDS: Are present when a worker is exposed
to any chemical preparation in the workplace in any form
(solid, liquid or gas). Some are safer than others, but to
some workers who are more sensitive to chemicals, even
common solutions can cause illness, skin irritation, or
breathing problems.
Beware of:
•Liquids like cleaning products, paints, acids, solvents –
ESPECIALLY if chemicals are in an unlabeled container
• Vapors and fumes that come from welding or exposure to
solvents
•Gases like acetylene, propane, carbon monoxide and
helium
•Flammable materials like gasoline, solvents, and explosive
chemicals.
•Pesticides
142. BIOLOGICAL HAZARDS: Associated with working with
animals, people, or infectious plant materials.
•Work in schools, day care facilities, colleges and
universities, hospitals, laboratories, emergency
response, nursing homes, outdoor occupations, etc.
may expose you to biological hazards.
Types of things you may be exposed to include:
• Blood and other body fluids
• Fungi/mold
•Bacteria and viruses
•Plants
• Insect bites
• Animal and bird droppings
143. ERGONOMIC HAZARDS:
Occur when the type of work, body positions
and working conditions put strain on your body.
The are the hardest to spot si ce ou do ’t alwa s
immediately notice the strain on your body or the
harm that these hazards pose.
Short ter e posure a result i sore uscles
the next day or in the days following exposure, but
long-term exposure can result in serious long-term
illnesses.
144. Ergonomic Hazards include:
• Improperly adjusted workstations and chairs
• Frequent lifting
• Poor posture
• Awkward movements, especially if they are
repetitive
• Repeating the same movements over and over
• Having to use too much force, especially if you
have to do it frequently
• Vibration
145. Mechanical Hazards
Mechanical hazards are created as a result of either
powered or manual (human) use of tools, equipment or
machinery and plant.
Where Mechanical Hazards Occur
•The point of operation: that point where work is
performed on the material, such as cutting, shaping,
boring, or forming of stock.
•Power transmission apparatus: all components of the
mechanical system that transmit energy to the part of the
machine performing the work. These components include
flywheels, pulleys, belts, connecting rods, couplings, cams,
spindles, chains, cranks, and gears.
•Other moving parts: all parts of the machine that move
while the machine is working. These may include
reciprocating, rotating, and transverse moving parts, as
well as feed mechanisms and auxiliary parts of the machine.
146.
147. Social hazard
Social hazards, also called complex
emergencies, seriously limit a populatio ’s
access to health services, water, food, and
transportation, all of which are
determinants of health.
Examples
•Living in an old toxic waste
•Smoking
•Job deals with harmful chemicals
•Diet
148.
149. Environmental hazard
It is a substance, state or event which has the
potential to threaten the surrounding natural environment /
or adversely affect people's health,
including pollution and natural disasters such as storms and
earthquakes.
EXAMPLES
1. Air pollution
2. Overpopulation
3. Waste management
4. Noise pollution
5. Light pollution
6. Water pollution
7. Radiation
150.
151.
152.
153.
154. Tips for effective workplace housekeeping
•Prevent slips, trips and falls
•Eliminate fire hazards
•Control dust
•Avoid tracking materials
•Prevent falling objects
•Clear clutter
•Store materials properly
•Use and inspect personal protective equipment and tools
•Determine frequency
•Create written rules
•Think long-term
160. Classification of Fires
• Class A Fires
(usually occur in ordinary
materials, like wood, paper, rags, &
rubbish)
• Class B Fires
(usually occur with a vapor-air
mixture over the surface of
flammable liquids such as gasoline,
oil, grease, and paints)
161. • Class C Fires
(electrical fires)
• Class D Fires
(usually occur in combustible metals
such as magnesium, titanium, and
potassium)
Classification of Fires (Cont.)
162. Classification of Fires (Cont.)
• Class F/ K Fires
(usually involve cooking greases or
cooking oils)
Fire prevention is a function
of many fire departments. The
goal of fire prevention is to
educate the public to take
precautions to prevent
potentially harmful fires, and
be educated about surviving
them. It is a proactive method
of reducing emergencies and
the damage caused by them.
163. 9
Fire Prevention
The measures need to be adopted are given below:
•Prohibit smoking in storage areas of flammable materials.
•If electrical equipment is not working properly or if it
gives off an unusual odour disconnect the equipment and
call an approved electrician.
•Properly replace any electrical cord that is cracked or has
broken connection.
•When using extension cords, protect them from damage.
Do not put them across doorways or any place where they
will be stepped on or chafed. Check the amperage load
specified by the manufacturer.
•Do not plug an extension cord into another, and do not
plug more than one extension cord into one outlet.
164. 10
Fire Prevention
•Keep all heat producing appliances away from the wall
and away from anything that might burn. Leave plenty of
space for air to circulate around equipment that normally
gives off heat.
•Make sure all appliances in your area such as hot plates,
ovens, toasters, mixers, grinders, geezers, clothing irons
are turned off when not in use.
•Use ash trays and empty them only when you are sure the
ashes, matches and butts are cold.
•Make sure that no one including visitors, has left
cigarettes smolderings in waste – baskets or on furniture’s,
sofas, beds, etc.
165. 11
Fire Prevention
•Keep storage areas, stairway landings and other
out of way locations free of waste paper, empty
cartons, dirty rags and other material that could fuel
a fire.
•Report all fire hazards to the officer or any person
authorized.
•Create awareness to use fire retardant furniture’s,
carpets, curtains, etc.
•Follow good housekeeping practices – because a
clean house is a safe house.
166. 12
Fire Protection Methods
1. Confining fire
2. Controlling smoke
3. Exits
4. Evacuation
5. Ventilation
6. Fire doors
7. Connections for sprinklers and standpipes
167. Controlling Fires
•Cool a fire
•Remove fuel from a fire
•Limit oxygen in a fire
•Interrupt the chain reaction in a fire
•Use extinguishing agents
168.
169.
170.
171. FIRE RISK
IT IS THE LIKEHOOD THAT A FIRE WILL
OCCURE AND THE IMPACT OF THAT FIRE FOR THE
WORKERS IN THE SITE.
172. Fire load -
In simple terms fire loading is a
measurement used by fire-fighters and
other fire safety professionals to
determine the potential severity of
a fire in a given space.
173. Contributing factors to industrial fire
•Common Causal Factors:
- Design flaws in ventilation system
- Lack of hazard assessment
- Lack of prevention
•May cause explosion when:
- Dispersed in air or other oxidant
- Concentration is at or above minimum explosible
concentration
- Ignition source is present
- Dust is confined
Explosions can cause major damage and even
trigger secondary explosion.
174. Fire detector :-
It sense one or more of the products or
phenomena resulting from fire, such
as smoke, heat, infrared and/or ultraviolet light
radiation, or gas.
Types-
1. Heat detector
2. Flame
3. Smoke
4. Fire gas
175.
176.
177.
178.
179.
180. What is a Fire Safety Plan?
A Fire Safety Plan is a detailed document
designed to deal with all aspects of fire safety relating
to a specific building or property. The document is
intended to be a reference manual outlining the fire
safety practices to be routinely used
181. Benefits of Implementing a Fire Safety Plan
•Reduces the incidence of fire
•Promotes fire hazard identification and
elimination
•Promotes employee safety and awareness
•Increases employee morale by allaying safety
concerns
•Coordinates business and fire department
resources during a fire emergency
•Reduces the potential impact of a fire on the
business and community (injuries, dollar losses,
liability, etc.)
•Enhances Fire Code compliance
182. STEPS IN SAFETY PLAN
Step 1 - Conduct a Fire Safety Audit
Step 2 - Appointment and Organization of Supervisory Staff
Step 3 - Develop Emergency Procedures
Step 4 - Fire Drill Procedures and Training
Step 5 - Maintenance of Building Facilities and Fire
Protection Equipment
Step 6 - Alternate Measures for Temporary Shutdown of
Fire Protection Equipment or Systems
Step 7 - Control of Fire Hazards
Step 8 - Fire Department Access For Fire Fighting and
Related Fire Suppression Information
Step 9 - Preparing Schematic Diagrams and Site Plans
Step 10 - Posting Emergency Procedures and Emergency
Phone Number