Osha stdy case

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OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH
POTENTIAL ACCIDENT
CODE COURSE: DUW1012
LECTURE NAME: ENCIK HARIS BIN
NAME MATRIC NO
MUHAMAD FIRDAUS BIN MOHD SOBRI 13DAD16F2004
AHMAD FIKRI BIN ZAIDI 13DAD16F2009
MOHAMAD ROCKY BIN HARUN 13DAD16F2020
MUHAMMAD AMIRUL HARIZ BIN ASMADI 13DAD16F2015

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STUDENT’S ORGANISATION
AHMAD FIKRI BIN ZAIDI
13DAD16F2009 (LEADER)
MUHAMMAD FIRDAUS BIN MOHD SOBRI
13DAD16F2004 (MEMBER)
MOHAMAD ROCKY BIN HARUN
MUHAMMAD AMIRUL HAFIZ BIN ASMADI

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TABLE OF CONTENTS
LIST OF TOPIC PAGE
1.0 ABSTRACT 4
2.0 INTRODUCTION 5
3.0 STATEMENT OF PROBLEM 6
4.0 STUDY OF OBJECTIVE 7
5.0 SCOPE OF STUDY 8
6.0 FINDING 9-12
7.0 DIAGRAM 13-15
8.0 DISCUSSION/ SUGGESTION 16-17
9.0 CONCLUSION 18
10.0 REFERENCESS/ BIBLIOGRAPHY 19-20

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1.0 Abstract
Occupational Safety and Health Act (OSHA) 1994, which will enter into force in 1994
focused on the establishment of a safety management system and occupational health. It
provides a legal framework to promote, stimulate and promote the quality of health and
safety in the workplace by placing a high responsibility to maintain safety and health to
certain parties. Therefore, this study was conducted to analyze the main provisions of OSHA
1994 for security management in the workplace as well as reviewing legislation, government
policies and industry codes of practice for identifying general obligation of all parties to
preserve the safety and health at work. The study focuses on the provision of OSHA 1994 as
the parent act and subsidiary legislation enacted under the parent. The focus of the study is
the responsibility of employers and employees in managing safety in the workplace.
The aspects studied included the duty of the employer, employee obligations,
occupational health and safety committee, occupational safety and health policy, enforcement
and liability, as well as the principles of occupational safety and health management. Method
content analysis used to make a study of the legal provisions and the cases which have been
decided by the courts. In addition, interviews were held with Department of Occupational Safety
and Health (DOSH) and National Institute of Safety and Health (NIOSH) for more information
about the role of government, employers and employees in managing occupational safety and
health. This study found that the government is committed to providing a safe and healthy
working environment by enacting laws, regulations and codes of practice and establish a system
of enforcement based on the combined provisions of OSHA 1994. Legislation enacted
introduced a strategy based on the concept of self-regulation which imposes an obligation ensure
the safety and health at work on the shoulders of those who create the risks and those who work
with these risks. Thus, it can be concluded that OSHA 1994 has managed to provide a
comprehensive strategy for managing safety and health at work.

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2.0 Introduction.
Discuss about slip and fall can cause a stroke and fell unconscious because if he fell with such
force would be a risk of kidney damage and compilation safer fall. it is to be taken against the
employer because the place must be secure surroundings are very serious problems. The reason
is slip and fall the workplace are an serious problems. These are common incidents and can
cause everywhere either in an office setting, a school, a factory, a public building or a
warehouse, inside and outside. As a result of the accident is usually valid cultural practice safe
and healthy workplace requires the cooperation and commitment of all stakeholders in the
organization. Workers often blame the management for not providing safe equipment and the
management blames employees did not follow established procedures. If this situation continues
and an accident it will hurt both sides. The main trend of an accident at work can be divided into
several main factors, namely the underlying cause and the direct cause. The basic cause of the
accident can be divided into 3 parts:
a. Personal factors. Insufficient knowledge workers and unskilled workers in controlling the
addition of motivation, poor physical and mental are invited accident while performing work.
b. Occupational factors. Environmental equipment and work areas that are not suitable and
design as well as routine maintenance performed can also contribute to the occurrence of
accidents. For example, the hours of operation of machinery that has exceeded the prescribed
period.
c. Supervisory performance. Failure to follow the procedures and instructions submitted
incomplete and insufficient equipment in the performance of a work also often take for
something to established procedures and rules that are not enforced.
d. Policy and Management Decisions. In implementing a procedure and process management
shall review in detail before it is used, so do not invite accidents during work performed.
This study is important because accident and incident not only happen among employees
but it might happen to employers because those who work at the workplace could have potential
to involve in such accident. As human, accident cannot be avoided but human can reduce it or
take a first step to prevent it from occurring especially at workplace because workplace is an area
that most people would spend their day time there. The outcome of the study, some guidelines or
rules can be identified to reduce these accidents or establish the preventive measures of accident
and incident at the workplace.

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3.0 Statement of problem
The problem statement are discuss about the potential accident slip and fall in were happen at
workplace during working hour. Basically, in every organization take advantage about the safety
of employees and how to avoid this accident became happen for cutting the company costs.
Therefore, if the employees are not taking advantage and not focus about the safety it can tend to
incident at workplace.
In order to prevent this potential accidents, commitment from employees and support
from all staff are needed because to maintain and keep track of the safety that provided by all
staffs itself. In addition, there are some statistic to shown about the accident at workplace. The
Health and Safety Executive (HSE) recorded 78,000 workplace injuries under the Reporting of
Injuries, Diseases and Dangerous Occurrences Regulations 2013. Under those regulations,
employers, anyone in control of work premises and even the self-employed are legally compelled
to make a report on specific incidents, such as work-related deaths, major injuries, 7-day injuries
(those causing an inability to carry out duties for over 7 days), work related diseases and even
near-miss accidents. This is a drop from the previous year when the reported injuries were
around 111,000. However, the number of estimated injuries, including those that were not
officially reported for 2012-2013, was a much higher 646,000.
Because of this, it is reasonable to explain why accident at workplace as one of
importance matter in organizations. The purpose of this study is to focus on the strategies and the
treatment for prevent this problems became happen in company. Therefore, the purpose of this
study is to know the best strategies and treatment between employees during working for prevent
the potential accidents.

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4.0 Study Of Objective
The main objectives of this project are:
a) To identify and determine the main causes of slips.
b) To analyze the relationship between the selected sources of slips.
c) To compute the monetary losses by employees due to slips and falls incidents (A case study).
d) To establish the guidelines for factories to reduce the slips and falls accident from occurring.
The main objective of this study is to identify and determine the main causes of slips.
Through this objective, a survey will be done to identify and determine what is the main cause of
slips to human when walk on that floor surface at the selected company.
The second objective is to analyze the relationship between the selected sources of slips.
This objective will use the floor surface as a basic factor but will be added with other factor for
example wet floor. What causes wet floor, with either water or oil. So through these added
factors combined with floor factor will initiate experiments to study their relationship between
those factors.
The third objective is to compute the losses of employees. This objective want to study
about the effect and impact to the employees when slips and falls occur. If this problem occur,
some losses will be faced. Employees should take a medical leave, the factory will lose their
employees, and they have to pay a claim and insurance that will cover injuries. So this objective
would highlight the causes after the slips and falls problem occur.
The fourth objective is to establish the guidelines for factory to reduce the slips and falls
accident from occurring. After all the three objective will achieve, some rules or guidelines will
be held to help the factories to overcome slips and falls problems.

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5.0 Scope of study
This project cover:
a) Slips and falls incidents occur on the same level only.
b) Concentrate on adult male working population.
c) The study involve manufacturing industry (A case study).

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6.0 FINDING THE PROBLEM
Types Of Accident From Year 2010 until 2013
(Source: Department of Occupational Safety and Health - DOSH)
Year 2010 (Table.1.0)
Types Of Accident No.of Case
Unclassified due to lack of data 40
Fall of Person 786
Struck by falling object 394
Stepping on, striking against or struck by object 1012
Caught in or between object 1133
Overexertion or strenuous movement 83
Contact or exposure to electrical current 23
Contact or exposure to dangerous substances 55
Contact or exposure to extreme temperature 156
Other type of accident N.E.C 681
Total 4363
Fall of Person 659
Total 3259

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Year 2013
Fall of Person 458
Total 2532
Fall of Person 172
Total 1192

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The bar chart above shows the reduction of accidents for 2010 to 2013.
The occurrence of degradation because the security level was controlled by the
authorities and the individual employee and the employer. Therefore, Are the increasing injuries
shows that employers are not serious in safety and Health for their employees or employers
ignore safety rules? These two factors are difficult to establish. Sometimes action taken by
employer is very good and employee also done their task very well. but accident still exist. Who
want to take a responsibility to this problem either the employers or the employees. Thus, slips
and falls should be reduced because they are not good for human health and safety. So, this study
want to identify what are the factors or causes of Slips and falls especially at workplace, how to
reduce or prevent it from occurring, And at the end some rules can be listed for use as guidelines
in industries to help them Control and reduce the slips and falls accident at their workplace.
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
Year 2010 Year 2011 Year 2012 Year 2013

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6.1 Background to the problems
From the problems statement mentioned in Section 1.2, there are a lots of accident occur
in manufacturing field or more specific in factories. All these accident definitely cause the
workplace injuries to employees. Table 1.2a to Table 1.2d shows the types of body injuries from
2006 until June 2009. These data from Department of Occupational Safety and Health (DOSH),
Malaysia are for those accidents that occur in manufacturing industry. Although the total number
of the cases are reduced every year, but injuries are accounted for. These body injuries data are
referred to slips and falls problems. Table 1.2, nobody can say that he or she will escape from
slips and falls incident. Slips and falls problems are common incident and can cause anywhere
and anytime. This problem can also occur to anybody without exception

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8.0 Discussion
The number of cases in Malaysia is less but the impact will create lots of losses and become
more serious in the long term. The potential accidents may injuries cause a lot of pain and
suffering and sometimes result in death. Employees are working daily almost 8 hours and above.
During this period, they uncovered from any hazard and accident can occur because at workplace
there are employees, machine, and equipment and so on.
In this case, the workplace has high potential and risk to attend the hazard and cause the
injuries to the employees. If the employees are not sensitive or avoid the safety rules or wear
proper safety apparatus, they might be the victims of slips and fall accidents.
In this case, that way it importance to keep safety during working hour for make sure all
employee are in a good condition and can avoid a potential accidents that may losses a company
benefits itself. The rule and regulation is very crucial to make workplace in safety. The
employees need to follow the flow and take advantage with information provided at workplace.

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8.1 Suggestion
Nowadays, the potential for accident is cannot be predict since when and how it will be happen.
As a worker, needs to focus and take the information about the accident at workplace. Other than
that, the workers also need to practice some of safe working environment and assists with injury
prevention. Basically, to avoid this problem the management team needs to show their role how
to educate their staffs itself. It because, the employer needs to train employees about the
importance of following safety measures as often as possible. In addition, supplemental training
in body mechanics also can reduce strain injuries, and keep employees safe during lifting and
moving.
In this case, the next suggestion is provide protection equipment. Personal protection
equipment is essential and should be enforced at hiring, meetings, and with spontaneous
monitoring. Other than that, it will take time to teach employees how too properly use googles,
face protection, gloves, hard hats, safety shoes, and earplugs or ear muffs. Moreover, all staff is
not to take this in shortcuts ways. These accidents happen because employees skip the steps to
complete a job ahead of schedule. Because of this, for make sure all the instructions are clear and
organized to prevent undue mishaps in the workplace all worker need to follow the rule and
flows of the schedule. This will help all staff for prevent the potential of accident during working
hour at workplace.
In addition, to prevent this potential accident which is need to conduct pre-employment
screening. It because, some accidents are caused by inexperience and the inability to physically
performs the positon. Screening applicants is a safeguard for placement with the appropriate
positons matching their physical capabilities. Other than that, needs to monitoring safety
measures. After initial training, reinforce safety measures at every opportunity for example staff
meetings, supervision, and education. Reward employees who abide by setting standard or
staying injury free for a specified amount of time.
http://www.concentra.com/newsroom/articles/10-tips-to-prevent-workplace-injuries/

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9.0 Conclusion.
Safety and health at work need to be emphasized because it affects a lot of good to the employee
and the organization. To realize this thing should exist cooperation between the organization and
the employee. Increased knowledge, skills and enforcement on an ongoing basis is very
important in ensuring the atmosphere, conditions and safe work behavior can be realized. Safety
and health of workers must be given priority in everything.

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10.0 References
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10.1 Bibliography
Bird, F. E. & Germain, G. L. (1996). A New Horizon in Accident Prevention and cost
Improvement. New York: American Management Association.
Broek, K. V. D. & Beeck, R. O. D. (2014). Accidents and Incidents (web log post), Retrieved
from http://oshwiki.eu/wiki/Accidents_and_Incidents on 27 November 2014.
Dawal, S. Z., Taha, Z. & Ismail, Z. (2009). Effect of job organization on job saticfaction among
shop floor employees in automotive industries in Malaysia. International Journal of
Industrial Engineering, 39(1), 1-6.
Department of Occupational Safety and Health (DOSH) (2011). Guidelines on Occupational
Safety And Health Management Systems. Kuala Lumpur: Mashi Publication Sdn Bhd
Majlis Keselamatan Negara (1997). Arahan No. 20 (Semakan Semula). Dasar dan Mekanisme
Pengurusan Bencana Negera. Retrieved from
http://portalbencana.mkn.gov.my/FileRepository/Portal/20150109-16012516.pdf.
Accessed on 27 November 2014
Workplace Health, Safety & Compensation Commission (2010). Occupational Health & Safety
Prevention Guide: Emergency Preparedness Guide and Response. Newfoundland and
Labrador Federation of Labour.
http://www.whscc.nl.ca/download.aspx?ID=a646316-ad0b-4655-bbcd-201186286981.
Accessed on 27 November 2014

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