The document is a summer training report submitted by Indranil Banerjee, a 3rd year civil engineering student at Aliah University. It summarizes Indranil's 1 month summer training from June 1-30, 2017 at the Godrej Prakriti Phase-III housing project site run by Simplex Infrastructures Limited in Sodepur, Kolkata. The report covers various topics learned during the training, including safety practices, the role of the store department, plant and machinery used, and provides an overview of the housing project.

2. SUMMER TRAINING REPORT
(TRAINING DURATION- 01/06/2017 - 30/06/2017)
REPORT SUBMITTED BY-
INDRANIL BANERJEE
INSTITUTION NAME:-ALIAH UNIVERSITY
DEPARTMENT-CIVIL ENGINEERING
YEAR-3RD
ROLL NO-CEN144040

3. signature of the project manager
Mr. SubrataKundu
Simplex infrastructuresLtd.
CONTENT
INTRODUCTION
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
ABOUT THE COMPANY
SAFETY
STORE
PLANT AND MACHINERIES
SITE EXECUTION
QUALITY CONTROL
BILLING & PLANNING
CONCLUSION

4. INTRODUCTION OF PROJECT
The Keppel Land Mass Housing Project is location 187 F/1,B.T.
ROAD,sodepur,nearsukchargirja,kolkata,west bengal 700115
Simplex Infrastructures Limited.
LOCATION:-187 F/1,B.T. ROAD,
SODEPUR,Nearsukchargirja,kolkata,westbengal 700115
NATURE AND STRUCTURE: Housing Complex Building.

5. ARCHITECTURAL PLAN AND PLANNING OF
BUILDING
PLAN OF SITE

6. ABOUT THE PROJECT
PROJECT NAME: GODREJ PRAKITI PHASE-111
HOUSEING COMPLEX
DETAILS:
1. TOTAL AREA: 1484000sq.ft.
2. No. of Towers: 8
3. No. of Flats: 1210(2BHK+3BHK)
CONTRACTOR: SIMPLEX INFRASTRUCTURE LIMITED.
CLIENT: HAPPY HIGH RISES LIMITED, GODREJ BHAVAN 4TH FLOOR, 4A, HOME STRETE
FORT, MUMBAI.
START DATE OF THE PROJECT: 1TH JUNE 2017
SCOPE OF WORK: The project involves carring out civil works for residential tower 8 no,s
including pilling, excavation, RCC for Substructure and superstructure, bricks work,
plastering etc. for proposed Residential buildings al above mentioned site. The brief
scope of work is as detailed below. 8nos of residential towers being constructed in this
site namely K,M,N,O,P,Q, and R& G Blocks.
R,O and n blocks are of floor area 880sq. meter each consisting of (B+G+19) floors.
K,p and Q block of floor area 872 sq. meter each consisting of (B+G+19) floors.
M block of floor area 731 sq. meter and consists of (B+G+4) floors.
G block floor area 870 sq. meter and consists of (G+9) floor.

7. SIMPLEX INFRASTRUCTURES LIMITED, SODEPUR.
This is a projectreport on the various topics covered duringmy traini ngatGODREJ PRAKITI site, SIMPLEX
INFRASTRUCTURES LIMITED, SODEPUR. Things learntby me on each topic llotted under trainingarementioned in
this report. I hope this projectreport report to be satisfactory as itcontainsalmostall theinformation possi bleto
be grathered duringthe trainingof duration of 1 month startingfrom 1 june and ended on 31 june. Also a brief
description of topics not covered in trainingarealso mentioned as they are necessary and supplement to the full
understandingof the subject.
SUBMITED TO:
SUBMTTED BY: MR SUBRATA KUNDU
INDRANIL BANERJEE
STUDENT OF: ALIAH UNIVERSITY
DEPARTMENT:civil engineering(3rd year) --------------------------------------------
College id no-AU/S/0221/14 (SI GNATURE WITH DATE)
Memo no- AU/T&P/070/17

8. SAFETY
What is Safety?
Safety is the state of being safe. It is the condition of being protected against
any hazards or accidents. It can be defined as the control of recognized hazards to
achieve an acceptable level of risk.
Safety may be defined as the contrivance for identification of deviation from
proper procedure of work and thereby making the necessary correction for
prevention of accidents.
Importance of Safety
Safety is an un-detachable part of every construction work. Without safety the
existence of the work will be demolished. It is of very much importance for many
reasons including welfare of employees, providing safe work environments and
controlling construction costand the reputation of the company. Violation of safety
not only hampers the work but also increases the cost even it can permanently cease
the company. Following are some points for which safety is essential
 Trained person loss: A company requires a large number of trained and skilled
persons to producequality productor to give quality services. If accidently the
company orfirm lose a trained personit will take long period and lots ofmoney
to regenerate such kind of skilled person. For which the company will fail to
progress.
 Fear factor: Frequent accidents at the site can frighten the workers and the
quality may be compromised resulting the morale loss of the company.
 Economy: Expenditure will be increased due to hazards and accidents.
 Reputation loss: If in any company frequent accidents occur the reputation of
the work or company will be decreased and thus it can cause termination of
further contracts and gradually ceasing the productivity or financial loss of the
company.
 Productivity: If the work place is in safe environment, the labours can be able
to give the best to the work as a result the productivity will increase, company
can grow and can make a good place in the competitive market.

9. Simplex gives lots of importance to the safety aspect for Engineers and
Workmen, Safety is planned and is included to the job as an integrated part of the
operation rather than something that is used only when it is necessary. The main aim
of the safety is to acquire zero accident and to make safe environment.
Occupational Health, Safety & Environment Policy
We, at Simplex Infrastructure Limited (SIL), engaged in execution of
infrastructural projects assigned to us, are committed to ensuring continual
improvement in our occupational health, safety and environment (OHSE)
Performance.
To achieve the policy we aim at:
 Complying with the applicable HSE legislation and other statutory
requirements.
 Establishing, reviewing and strengthening ourHSE Management systemin an
ongoing manner through periodic reviews with the involvement of all SIL
personal at the required levels.
 Implanting safe operating procedures (SOPs) and controls and the relevant
safety practice in construction activities.
 Endeavoring to develop the cultural resources conservation and pollution
prevention.
 Providing awareness training to the concerned personnel who are directly
associated with the construction activities at our project site to ensure good
HSE performance.
 Respecting the surrounding community and controlling environmental health
hazards arising from operation and events as a result of project site activities.
 Working as a team in our effort to achieve the objective of averting without
harm and damage.
 Recognizing HSE management as shared responsibilities at all appropriate
levels.
 We shall communicate this policy to all our staff and work force, and the
policy will be made available to all other stakeholders on request.

10. Different Types of Accidents
There are four types of accidents:
• Minor accidents: If the accidents cause disability less than 48 hours.
• Major accidents: If it causes disability for 48 hours or more.
• Serious accidents: If it causes disability for 20 days or more.
• Fatal accidents: If it causes death or permanent disability.
Sources of Accidents
There are three types of sources for all kinds of accidents took place worldwide:
• Unsafe act: Causes 86% of accidents.
• Unsafe conditions: Causes 12% of accidents.
• Beyond control: Causes 2% of accidents.
Everyone should be cautious and should take precautions, and if any one feels he is
expert enough to work in that risky zone and accident would not happen to him then
it is the main problem. Unsafe condition related accidents also occurs fordisobeying
the regulations.
What are the Possible Hazards at Site?
 Excavation and Trenching: Excavation and trenching are recognized as the
most hazardous site operations the hazards can be prevented when both
employer and employee follow safety standards and use protective equipment
and methodology ti minimize hazards while trenching and excavating.
 Falls:Falling from scaffolding over six feet or a fixed ladder over twenty feet
is the most mordacious and common construction site hazard. Falling from
high places suchas a ladder, scaffolding and roofs accountformore than forty
percent of the accidents that might happen at a workplace. The usual cause of
this is slipping, tripping and using unstable ladders.
 Electrical:Electricity is one of the greatest hazards to people either at home
or at work. Power line workers, electricians and electrical engineers work
continuously with electricity and can face exposure to this hazard on a daily
basis.

11.  HeavyConstruction Equipment:The main causes of such accidents includes
ground workers struck when a vehicle is backing up or changing direction.
 Welding Time Hazards: While gas welding is being done without use of
properaccessories, burning may occuras the temperature of Oxy-acetylene is
about 3000 C. Permanent blindness may occur if goggle or mask is not used
during welding.
 Rod Cutting and Bending Related Hazards: While cutting and bending
reinforcement bars without awareness of the machine and proper measures,
serious injury might occur anytime.
 Stairways and Ladder: Stairways and ladders are major sources of injuries
and fatalities among constructionworkers. Theserecorded injuries are serious
enough to put a worker out on sick leave. To prevent such accidents and
injuries, employers and employee must comply with OSHA’s general rule for
the safe use of ladders and stairways.
Human Causes of Accident
• Excessively long duration of work.
• Defective or reduced vision.
• Marital status of workers.
• Addiction to alcohol or drugs.
• Inexperience workers generally sustain injuries than experienced workers.
Personal Protective Equipment

12. Sl.
No.
Descriptions Picture
1
HELMET which is very
essential things in
construction work. Chain
strap is a must
2
SAFETY BOOT which
give us protection on site, it
have a steel plate to its tow
3
SAFETY BELT & FULL
BODY HARNESS is very
useful in construction
work, it is used by labour
when working at heights to
nullify the risk of falling
4
GLOVES are used during
concreting, carrying iron
bar, work to protect
labour’s hand from getting
damaged

13. 5
GOOGLES are used to
protect eyes from dust,
sharp particles.
6
NOSE MASK is very much
essential in dusty zone as
cement storage godown
7
FALL ARRESTER is
naturally required to use in
works ofheight. It resist fall
downward
8
LIFE LINE is a
polypropylene rope for
helping the labour working
in the very end of
construction part to hold
safely at his position

14. STORE
In a construction site, a lots ofmaterial are needed for execution. Generally itbecome hazardous to bring
them and allocate them into proper locations. Store departmentis basically the in-charge ofwhat is needed
and bring them as per required specifications. Store is an implementation ofplanning. A long term planning
is obviously needed in heavy construction as it is impractical that the time gap between ordering and actual
delivery is less. So itis obviously the duty ofplanning cell to plan the amount of material for a sufficient time
with having the maximum inventory and they will tell to store to bring the amount including buffer stock.
Now store dept. undergo their parties and bring the materials. They are negotiating with the parties and
they choose the minimum value but the material must be sound for serviceability. They are also responsible
for the manufacturing the inventory level laying atdifferent level.
How its work?
Whenever any construction begins a lots ofresources are needed. Initially whatever machineries, materials
or other things needed, they made a listor collects from estimate. For raw material, machineries they
choose a three or four parties and they told abouthiring. The external party takes some time and gives a
rate chart including VAT, Tax etc. Amongstofthem they chooses the minimum one butthe party must be
an authenticated one. They further undergo some negotiation ifthe rate or price is getting reduced or not.
In this process the store acts initially.
Now when the construction is going on, there is obviously lack ofmaterial because itis impractical to hold
up all the raw materials initially. This will make the inventory loss and also the serviceability ofthe material
will getreduced. Now ifan engineer feels that there is lack of material in his yard then he straight informs to
store. Whatever materials allocate to various places they keep noted down and they update the store as
per the planning ofthe work.
Inventory: It refers to the goods and materials that a business holds for the ultimate purpose ofresale or
repair. Inventory managementis a science primarily aboutspecifying the shape and percentage ofstock
goods.Itis network to precede the regular and planned course ofstock ofmaterials. The scope of
inventory managementconcerns the fine line between replenishment, lead time carrying costofinventory,
assetmanagement, inventory forecasting and inventory valuation.

15. Lead Time: It is delay between the initiation and execution ofa process. For example the lead time is
between the placementofan order and the delivery ofa new material from the manufacture. In the
manufacturing environmentit includes the times required to ship the parts from the supplier. The shipping
time is included because the manufacturing company, needs to know when the parts will be available for
material requirements planning.
ABC Analysis:The ABCanalysistobusinessthatusedtodefine asinventorycategorisation
technique isoftenusedinmaterialsmanagement.Itisalsoknownasselectiveinventorycontrol.
 Policies based on ABC analysis: There are A, B, C items and they are as follows:
A items: It includes Raw materials like steel, cement, aggregates, brick, shuttering materials etc. It needs
very tight control. These materials are stored up to 70-80% value of total capacity. The lead time is very
large as includes heavily loaded freight.
B items: It includes less importantmaterials then A type like binding wire, nail, petroleum products. Itis
less tightly controlled and good records.These materials are stored up to 50% oftotal capacity and these
materials does notso much hamper in the work processing. Lead time is moderate.
C items:Those items are marginally important and lead time is very less here (more or one or two days)
like electrical items. Ithas simplestcontrols possible and minimum records.
The ABC analysis provides a mechanism for identifying items that will have a significant impact on overall
inventory costwhile also providing differentcategories ofstock that will require different managementand
control. The ABC analysis suggests thatinventories ofan organisation are of not equal value. Thus the
inventories are grouped into three categories in order oftheir estimated importance.
 FSN Analysis:It generally describes the rate of consumption ofitems in terms oftheir
issue from stores. In FSN analysis items are classifieds according to the rate of
consumption. The items are classified broadly into three groups, F means Fastmoving, S
means Slow moving and N means Non moving. The FSN analysis is conducted generally
on the following basis:
1. The last date of receiptofitems or the last date of issue ofitems whichever is later, is taken
into account.
2. The time period is usually calculated in terms of months or no. ofdays and it pertains to the
times elapsed since the lastmovementwas record.
FSN Analysis helps a company in identification of the follows:
1. The items to be considered to be “active” may be received regularly on more frequent basis.
2. The items whose stocks athand are higher as compared to their rate of consumption.3. Non moving
items whose consumption is approximate “nil” almostinsignificant.

16. Plant and machineries
Model Code EX 70 Super
Engine Power 55 PS
Operating Weight 7,000 kg
Bucket Capacity 0.10 - 0.35 m3

Model Code
 EX 200 LC
 Engine Power
 133 PS
 Operating Weight
 20,000 kg
 Bucket Capacity
 0.8 - 1.5 m3
 Shovel
 1.2 m3

17. CONCRETE PUMP:
Pumped concrete is the concrete which is transported to heights by means of
pumping using concrete pumps. This method is used where large quantity of
concrete work is involved at greater height, where other means of transporting is
not easy to do. Concrete pumps have been known for more than 50 years. In
modern times, large quantities of concrete can be transported by means of
pumping through pipelines over appreciable distances, often to locations that may
not be easily accessible by other means of delivery.
TRANSIT MIXER:
Transit mixer is a piece of equipment that is used for transporting concrete/ mortar or ready mix
material from a concrete batching plant directly to the site where it is to be utilized. Transit mixer
is loaded with dry material and water. The interior of the transit drum is fitted with a spiral blade.
Spiral blade is able to move in two directions. During clockwise movement drum is charged with
concrete and in counterclockwise direction concrete discharge out from the transit drum.
Concrete mixing drum ensures the liquid state of materials through rotation of the drum about its
own axis.

18. Builder hoist:
We are considered a
celebrated name in the business that engages in
manufacturing, supplying and distributing Builder
Hoist that is widely acclaimed for its tough construction and
reliable performance. Proposed series is manufactured in
accordance with the preset industry standards. Applauded
for its excellent capacity and energy-efficiency, these
proffered series is vastly admire
1 Type of
Elevator
: Rack & Pinion
2 Application : Building
Construction
3 Model : AK 1500 AK 2000
4 Pay Load
Capacity
: 1.5 Ton 2.0 Ton
5 Cage Internal
Size (Standard)
: (1.3 x 2.5
x 2.1) M
(1.3 x 3.0
x 2.1) M

19. 6 Type of Mast : Square (650 x 650 x
1508)mm
7 Maximum
Height
250 Mtrs
8 Elevator Speed : 28.0 M/Min
9 Rated Power of
Motor
: 2 x 9.2
KW
2 x 12.5
KW
10 Control
Voltage (AC)
: 110 Volts
11 Method of
Control
: Push Button
12 Type of
Control
: Variable Frequency
Drive
Technical Specifications :
Model GQ50
Diameter of cut steel bar II-grade deformed steel bar, 42mm
Frequency of shock cutting 28times/min
Motor power 4kW/6HP
Voltage 415V
Rotation speed of motor 2880r/min
total weight 550 kg

20. HHYDRA CRANE:
Leveraging on our vast industry experience, we are providing Hydra Crane Spare parts. Our offered
spare parts are designed using the best quality raw material and progressive technology in line with
industry norms. Used for loading and unloading purposes, our quality experts test these spare parts
against varied quality measures. The provided spare parts are available in diversified shapes, designs
and specifications.
Features:
 Compact design
 Perfect finish
 High strength

21. STANDERD PLATFORM: ZLP series suspended
platform, which is developed and produced by us, is ideal for building facade construction, decoration,
cleaning and maintenance. It is also widely used in elevator installing, ship building and repairing, or in
other areas such as big-size tank, bridge, embankment and chimney. ZLP series versatile knock-down
platform provides workers safer, easier and more efficient platform access.
 BAR BENDING MACHINE:
 Four machines just in one.
 Gears on bearings, bendings with continuous lubrication.
 Tips, bushings, bending squares and their allocations are made of hard alloy steel.
 Simultaneous working of the bending disc and the shear arm, by pedal.
 Shear safety device.
 Lubrication of the main friction points of the shear.
 By removing the pins of the bending disc the shears run in a continuous way.
 Emergency stop buttons.
 Automatic emergency return in case of misuse.
 Easy handing and high yield.

23. Quality
CEMENT
1)CONSISTENCY TEST OF CEMENT
2)INITIAL SETTING TIME
3)FINAL SETTING TIME
4)FINESSE OF CEMENT
5)COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH
AGGREGATE
1)SIEVE ANALYSIS
2)SILT AND CLAY CONTENT
3)BULKING OF SAND
4)AGGREGATE IMPACT VALUE
5)SPECIFIC GRAVITY OF AGGREGATE
6)FLAKINESS AND ELONGATION
CONCRETE
1)WORKABILITY OF CONCRETE(SLUMP TEST)
2)COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH
BRICKS
1)DIMENSION CHECK
2)COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH
3)WATER ABSORPTION
STEEL

24. 1)ROLLING MARGIN
2)UNIT WEIGHT
CONSISTENCY OF STANDARD CEMENT
PASTE
OVERVIEW
Standard consistency of a cement paste is defined as that consistency which will permit a vicat
plunger having 10 mm dia and 50 mm length to penetrate to a depth of 33-35 mm from top of the
mould.
APPARATUS
MEASURING INSTRUMENTS
NAME CAPACITY / RANGE /
SIZE
ACCURACY / LEAST COUNT
Vicat apparatus Should be made as per
IS:5513
—
Balance 1000 g 1 g
Measuring cylinder 100 ml 1 ml
OTHER ACCESSORIES
Tray, glass plate

25. Vicat Apparatus
ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITION
Temperature 27 ± 20
C
Humidity 65 ± 5 %
PROCEDURE
1. Take 400 g of cement and place it in the enameled tray.
2. Mix about 25% water by weight of dry cement thoroughly to get a cement paste. Total time
taken to obtain thoroughly mixed water cement paste i.e. “Gauging time” should not be more
than 3 to 5 minutes.
3. Fill the vicat mould, resting upon a glass plate, with this cement paste.
4. After filling the mould completely, smoothen the surface of the paste, making it level with top of
the mould.
5. Place the whole assembly(i.e. mould + cement paste + glass plate) under the rod bearing
plunger.
6. Lower the plunger gently so as to touch the surface of the test block and quickly release the
plunger allowing it to sink into the paste.
7. Measure the depth of penetration and record it.
8. Prepare trial pastes with varying percentages of water content and follow the steps (2 to 7) as
described above, until the depth of penetration becomes 33 to 35 mm.
CALCULATION
Calculate percentage of water (P) by weight of dry cement required to prepare cement paste of
standard consistency by following formula, and express it to the first place of decimal.
Where,
W=Quantity of water added

26. C=Quantity of cement used
PRECAUTIONS
 Gauging time should be strictly observed
 Room temperature should be well maintained as per test requirement.
 All apparatus used should be clean.
 The experiment should be performed away from vibrations and other disturbances.
TECHNICAL DISCUSSION
 This test helps to determine water content for other tests like initial and final setting time,
soundness & compressive strength.
NAME OF TEST AMOUNT OF WATER REQUIRED
Setting time 0.85 P (P=Consistency of standard cement paste)
Compressive strength
of combined mass of cement and sand.
 Consistency refers to the relative mobility of a freshly mixed cement paste or mortar or its ability
to flow. For a mortar the standard consistency is measured by flow table test.
 Generally the normal consistency for OPC ranges from 26 to 33%.
TEST STANDARD REFERENCE
 IS:4031(Part 4):1988-Methods of physical tests for hydraulic cement (Determination of
consistency of standard cement paste)
INITIAL & FINAL SETTING TIME
OVERVIEW
Initial setting time is that time period between the time water is added to cement and time at which 1
mm square section needle fails to penetrate the cement paste, placed in the Vicat’s mould 5 mm to
5.05 mm from the bottom of the mould.
Final setting time is that time period between the time water is added to cement and the time at
which 1 mm needle makes an impression on the paste in the mould but 5 mm dia attachment does
not make any impression.

27. APPARATUS
MEASURING INSTRUMENTS
NAME CAPACITY/ RANGE / SIZE ACCURACY/ LEAST COUNT
Vicatapparatus Shouldbe made as per
IS:5513
—
Balance 1000 g 1 g
Measuringcylinder 100 ml 1 ml
Stopwatch 30 min. 0.2 sec
OTHER APPARATUS
Glassplate,enamel tray,trowel

28. Vicat Apparatus
ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITION
Temperature 27 ± 20 C
Relative Humidity 90 % (min)
PROCEDURE
(A)TEST BLOCK PREPARATION
1. Before commencing setting time test, do the consistency test to obtain the water required to
give the paste normal consistency (P).
2. Take 400 g of cement and prepare a neat cement paste with 0.85P of water by weight of
cement.
3. Gauge time is kept between 3 to 5 minutes. Start the stop watch at the instant when the water
is added to the cement. Record this time (t1).
4. Fill the Vicat mould, resting on a glass plate, with the cement paste gauged as above. Fill the
mould completely and smooth off the surface of the paste making it level with the top of the
mould. The cement block thus prepared is called test block.

29. (B)INITIAL SETTING TIME
1. Place the test block confined in the mould and resting on the non-porous plate, under the rod
bearing the needle.
2. Lower the needle gently until it comes in contact with the surface of test block and quick
release, allowing it to penetrate into the test block.
3. In the beginning the needle completely pierces the test block. Repeat this procedure i.e. quickly
releasing the needle after every 2 minutes till the needle fails to pierce the block for about 5 mm
measured from the bottom of the mould. Note this time (t2).
(C)FINAL SETTING TIME
1. For determining the final setting time, replace the needle of the Vicat’s apparatus by the needle
with an annular attachment.
2. The cement is considered finally set when upon applying the final setting needle gently to the
surface of the test block; the needle makes an impression thereon, while the attachment fails to
do so. Record this time (t3).
CALCULATION
Initial setting time=t2-t1
Final setting time=t3-t1,
Where,
t1=Time at which water is first added to cement
t2=Time when needle fails to penetrate 5 mm to 7 mm from bottom of the mould
t3=Time when the needle makes an impression but the attachment fails to do so.
PRECAUTIONS
 Release the initial and final setting time needles gently.
 The experiment should be performed away from vibration and other disturbances.
 Needle should be cleaned every time it is used.
 Position of the mould should be shifted slightly after each penetration to avoid penetration at the
same place.
 Test should be performed at the specified environmental conditions.
STANDARD SPECIFICATION

30. TECHNICAL DISCUSSION
 It is essential that cement set neither too rapidly nor too slowly. In the first case there might be
insufficient time to transport and place the concrete before it becomes too rigid. In the second
case too long a setting period tends to slow up the work unduly, also it might postpone the
actual use of the structure because of inadequate strength at the desired age.
 Setting should not be confused with hardening, which refers to the gain in mechanical strength
after the certain degree of resistance to the penetration of a special attachment pressed into it.
 Setting time is the time required for stiffening of cement paste to a defined consistency.
 Indirectly related to the initial chemical reaction of cement with water to form aluminum-silicate
compound.
 Initial setting time is the time when the paste starts losing its plasticity.
 Initial setting time test is important for transportation, placing and compaction of cement
concrete.
 Initial setting time duration is required to delay the process of hydration or hardening.
 Final setting time is the time when the paste completely loses its plasticity.
 It is the time taken for the cement paste or cement concrete to harden sufficiently and attain the
shape of the mould in which it is cast.
 Determination of final setting time period facilitates safe removal of scaffolding or form.
 During this period of time primary chemical reaction of cement with water is almost completed.
TEST STANDARD REFERENCE
 IS:4031(Part 5):1988-Methods of physical tests for hydraulic cement (Determination of initial
and final setting times)
COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH OF
HYDRAULIC CEMENT
OVERVIEW
Compressive strength of cement is determined by compressive strength test on mortar cubes
compacted by means of a standard vibration machine. Standard sand (IS:650) is used for the
preparation of cement mortar. The specimen is in the form of cubes 70.6mm*70.6mm*70.6mm.
APPARATUS
MEASURING INSTRUMENTS

31. NAME CAPACITY/ RANGE / SIZE ACCURACY/ LEAST
COUNT
Cube mould 70.6*70.6*70.6 mm3(IS:10080) —
Vibration machine Shouldbe as perIS:10080 —
Balance 1000 g 1 g
Measuringcylinder 200 ml 1 ml
OTHER APPARATUS
Enamel tray,Trowel,Pokingrod
Cement Mould
ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS
Temperature 27 ± 20 C
Humidity 65 ± 5 %
TEST PROCEDURE
1. Take 200 g of cement and 600 g of standard sand and mix them dry thoroughly.
2. Add of water (where P is % of water required for preparing paste of standard
consistency) to the dry mix of cement and sand and mix thoroughly for a minimum of 3 minutes
and maximum of 4 minutes to obtain a mix of uniform colour. If even in 4 minutes uniform colour
of the mix is not obtained reject the mix and mix fresh quantities of cement, sand and water to
obtain a mix of uniform colour.
3. Place the thoroughly cleaned and oiled (on interior face) mould on the vibrating machine and
hold it in position by clamps provided on the machine for the purpose.
4. Fill the mould with entire quantity of mortar using a suitable hopper attached to the top of the
mould for facility of filling and vibrate it for 2 minutes at a specified speed of 12000±400 per
minute to achieve full compaction.

32. 5. Remove the mould from the machine and keep it in a place with temp of 27±20
C and relative
humidity of 90% for 24 hours.
6. At the end of 24 hrs remove the cube from the mould and immediately submerge in fresh clean
water. The cube be taken out of the water only at the time of testing.
7. Prepare at least 6 cubes in the manner explained above.
8. Place the test cube on the platform of a compressive testing machine without any packing
between the cube and the plates of the testing machine.
9. Apply the load steadily and uniformly, starting from zero at a rate of 35 N/mm2
/minute.
CALCULATION
Where,
P=Maximum load applied to the cube. (N)
A=Cross sectional area (Calculated from the mean dimensions) (mm2
)
 Compressive strength is reported to the nearest 0.5 N/mm2
.
 Specimens that are manifestly faulty, or that give strengths differing by more than 10% from the
average value of all the test specimen should not be considered.
 Test three cubes for compressive strength for each period of curing.
PRECAUTIONS

33.  The mould should be oiled before use
 The weighing should be done accurately
 The temperature and humidity must be accurately controlled
 Increase the load gradually during testing.
 The cubes should be tested immediately after taking out of water and not allowed to dry until
they fail under testing.
 The gauging time should be strictly observed.
 The cubes should be tested on their sides and not on their faces.
STANDARD SPECIFICATIONS
CEMENT TYPE COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH (Mpa)
1 Day 3 Days 7 Days 28 Days
OPC(33) — 16 22 33
OPC(43) — 23 33 43
OPC(53) -- 27 37 53
PPC — 16 22 33
TECHNICAL DISCUSSIONS
 Strength tests are not made on a neat cement paste because of difficulties of moulding and
testing with a consequent large variability of test results.
 Compressive strength is influenced by the cement type, or more precisely, the compound
composition and fineness of cement.
It should be assumed that two types of cement meeting the same minimum requirements will
produce the same strength of mortar or concrete without modification of mix proportions.

34. Sieve Analysis of Aggregates
SIEVE ANALYSIS
Sieve analysis helps to determine the particle size distribution of the coarse and fine
aggregates.This is done by sieving the aggregates as per IS: 2386 (Part I) – 1963. In this we
use different sieves as standardized by the IS code and then pass aggregates through them
and thus collect different sized particles left over different sieves.
The apparatus used are –
i) A set of IS Sieves of sizes – 80mm, 63mm, 50mm, 40mm,31.5mm, 25mm, 20mm, 16mm,
12.5mm, 10mm, 6.3mm,4.75mm, 3.35mm, 2.36mm, 1.18mm, 600µm, 300µm, 150µm and
75µm.
ii) Balance or scale with an accuracy to measure 0.1 percent of the weight of the test sample.
The weight of sample available should not be less than the weight given below:-

35. The sample for sieving should be prepared from the larger sample either by quartering or by
means of a sample divider.
Procedure to determine particle size distribution of Aggregates.
i) The test sample is dried to a constant weight at a temperature of 110 + 5oC and weighed.
ii) The sample is sieved by using a set of IS Sieves.
iii) On completion of sieving, the material on each sieve is weighed.
iv) Cumulative weight passing through each sieve is calculated as a percentage of the total
sample weight.
v) Fineness modulus is obtained by adding cumulative percentage of aggregates retained on
each sieve and dividing the sum by 100.
Reporting of Results
The results should be calculated and reported as:
i) the cumulative percentage by weight of the total sample
ii) the percentage by weight of the total sample passing through one sieve and retained on
the next smaller sieve, to the nearest 0.1 percent. The results of the sieve analysis may be
recorded graphically on a semi-log graph with particle size as abscissa (log scale) and the
percentage smaller than the specified diameter as ordinate.

36. AGGREGATE IMPACT VALUE
OBJECTIVE
For determination of the aggregate impact value of coarse aggregate, which passes 12.5 mm. IS sieve and
retained on 10 mm. IS sieve.
REFERENCE STANDARDS
IS: 2386(Part IV)-1963 Methods of test for aggregate for concrete Part IVMechanical Properties.
EQUIPMENT & APPARATUS
 Aggregate ImpactTestMachine
 Sieves(12.5mm,10mm)
 Cylindrical metal measure
 TampingRod
 Balance (0-10kg)
 Oven(3000c) Aggregate ImpactValue TestApparatus

37. PREPARATION OF TEST SAMPLE
Test sample consist of aggregate passing a 12.5mm IS sieve and retained on a 10mm IS sieve. The aggregate to
be tested is dried in oven for a period of not less than 4hours.
PROCEDURE
1. The cylindrical steel cupisfilledwith3equal layersof aggregate andeachlayeristamped25
strokesbythe roundedendof tampingrod and the surplusaggregate struckoff,usingthe tamping
rod as a straightedge.
2. The net weightof aggregate inthe cylindrical steel cupisdeterminedtothe nearestgram(WA) and
thisweightof aggregate isusedforthe duplicate testonthe same material.
3. The cup is fixedfirmlyinpositiononthe base of the machine andthe whole of the testsample is
placedinit andcompactedby a single tampingof 25 strokesof tampingrod.
4. The hammeris raiseduntil itslowerface is 380 mm.above the uppersurface of the aggregate in
the cup, and allowedtofall freelyontothe aggregate 15 times,eachbeingdeliveredataninterval
of notlessthanone second.
5. The crushedaggregate isremovedfromthe cup and sievedon2.36 mm. ISsieve until nofurther
significantamountpassesinone minute.
6. The fractionpassingthe sieve isweighedtoanaccuracy of 0.1 g (WB)
CALCULATION
The ratio of the weight of fines formed to the total sample weight in each test is to be expressed as a
percentage, to the first decimal place.
Aggregate impact Value = (WB / WA) × 100
PRECAUTIONS
 Use handgloveswhile removingcontainersfromovenafterswitchingoff the oven.
 To wearsafetyshoes& gogglesatthe time of testing.
 Before testing,machineshouldbe properlychecked.
 Special care shouldbe takenthatno outerair enterswhenusingthe balance.
 Aftertestcleanthe sieve bya smoothbrush.
 Keepall the exposedmetalpartsgreased.
 Keepthe guide rodsfirmlyfixedtothe base & topplate.
 Equipmentshouldbe cleanthoroughlybefore testing&aftertesting.

38. AGGREGATE ELONGATION INDEX
VALUE
OBJECTIVE
For determination of elongation index of coarse aggregate, where the size of the coarse
aggregate are larger than 6.3 mm.
REFERENCE STANDARDS
IS: 2386 (Part I) – 1963 – Method of test for aggregates for concrete (Part I) Particle size and shape.
EQUIPMENT & APPARATUS
 Length gauge
 Sieves (63mm,50mm,40mm,31.5mm,25mm,20mm,16mm,12.5mm,10mm)
 Balance (0-10kg)
 Oven (3000
c)
Length Gauge
TEST SAMPLE PREPARATION
Surface dry samples is used for the test. A minimum number of 200 pieces of any specified fraction
is required to do the test.
PROCEDURE
1. The sample is sieved through IS sieve specified in Table shown below.

39. Dimension of Thickness and Length Gauge
2. A minimum of 200 pieces of each fraction is taken and weighed.
3. In order to separate elongated materials, each fraction is then gauged individually for length in
the length gauge.
4. The pieces of aggregate from each fraction tested which could not pass through the specified
gauge length with its long sides elongated are collected separately to find the total weight of
aggregate retained on the length gauge from each fraction.
5. The total amount of elongated material retained by the length gauge is weighed to an accuracy
of 0.1% of the weight of sample.

40. CALCULATION
In order to calculate the elongation index of the entire sample of aggregates, first the weight of each
fraction of aggregate passing and retained on the specified set of sieves is noted (Y1, Y2, Y3,
Y4…..etc). Each piece of these are tried to be passed through specified length of the gauge length
with its longest side and those elongated pieces which do not pass the gauge are separated and
weighed (y1, y2, y3, y4…etc). Then the elongated indexis the total weight of the material retained
on the various length gauges, expressed as a percentage of the total weight of the sample gauged.
REPORTS
Elongation index is reported in percentage to the nearest whole number.
SAFETY & PRECAUTIONS
 Use hand gloves while removing containers from oven after switching off the oven.
 Use safety shoes, mask & aprons at the time of test.
 Thoroughly clean & dry the container before testing.
 Special care should be taken that no outer air enters when using the balance.
 All parts of the equipment should always be kept clean.
 After the end of the test sieve should be clean by smooth brush.
SPECIFIC GRAVITY & WATER
ABSORPTION OFAGGREGATE
OBJECTIVE
For determination of specific gravity & water absorption of aggregates.
REFERENCE STANDARDS
IS : 2386 (Part 3) – 1963 – Method of test for aggregates for concrete (Part I) Particle size and
shape.
EQUIPMENT & APPARATUS
 Wire basket

41.  Oven (3000
c)
 Container for filling water and suspending the basket
 An air tight container
 Balance[0-10 kg]
 Shallow tray & absorbent clothes.
PREPARATION OF SAMPLE
The sample to be tested is separated from the bulk by quartering or by using sample divider.
PROCEDURE
1. About 2kg of the aggregate sample is washed thoroughly to remove fines, drained and then
placed in the wire basket and immersed in distilled water at a temperature between 22 to 320
C
with a cover of at least 50 mm of water above the top of the basket
2. Immediately after the immersion the entrapped air is removed from the sample by lifting the
basket containing it 25 mm above the base of the tank and allowing it to drop 25 times at the
rate of about one drop per second. The basket and the aggregate should remain completely
immersed in water for a period of 24±0.5 hours afterwards.
3. The basket and the sample are then weighed while suspended in water at a temperature of 22
to 320
C. The weight is noted while suspended in water (W1) g.
4. The basket and the aggregate are then removed from water and allowed to drain for a few
minutes, after which the aggregates are transferred to one of the dry absorbent clothes.
5. The empty basket is then returned to the tank of water, jolted 25 times and weights in water
(W2) g.
6. The aggregates placed in the dry absorbent clothes are surface dried till no further moisture
could be removed by this clothe.
7. Then the aggregate is transferred to the second dry cloth spread in a single layer, covered and
allowed to dry for at least 10 minutes until the aggregates are completely surface dry. 10 to 60
minutes drying may be needed. The surface dried aggregate is then weighed W3 g.
8. The aggregate is placed in a shallow tray and kept in an oven maintained at a temperature of
1100
C for 24 hours. It is then removed from the oven, cooled in air tight container and weighed
W4 g.
CALCULATION
Weight of saturated aggregate suspended in water with basket = W1 g
Weight of basket suspended in water = W2 g
Weight of saturated aggregate in water = (W1-W2)g = Ws g
Weight of saturated surface dry aggregate in air = W4 g
Weight of water equal to the volume of the aggregate = (W3-Ws) g

42. SAFETY & PRECAUTIONS
 Use hand gloves while removing containers from oven after switching off the oven.
 Thoroughly clean & dry the container before testing.
 Special care should be taken that no outer air enters when using the balance.
 Use apron & safety shoes at the time of testing.
 All parts of the equipment should always be kept clean.
PLANNING & BILLING:

43. Given plan and sections quantity estimate and bar bending
schedule:-