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Separating Mixtures
What is a mixture?
• When two or more materials
or substances are mixed
together but do not chemically
combine.
• This means they retain their
original properties.
• This means they can be
separated by physical means.
What are the different ways of
separating mixtures?
• Magnetism
• Hand separation
• Filtration
• Sifting or sieving
• Extraction and evaporation
• Chromatography
Magnetism
• If one component of the mixture has magnetic
properties, you could use a magnet to
separate the mixture. Iron, nickel, and cobalt
are all materials that are magnetic.
• Not all metals are magnetic: gold, silver, and
aluminum are examples of metals that are not
magnetic.
Example of magnetism
• Using a magnet to separate nails from wood
chips.
Hand separation
• Separating the parts of a mixture by hand.
• Only useful when the particles are large
enough to be seen clearly.
• Useful for: separating parts of a salad.
Example of hand separation:
• Using your fork to separate tomatoes, lettuce,
cucumber, onions, etc. in your salad.
Filtration
• Used when separating a solid substance from
a fluid (a liquid or a gas) by passing a mixture
through a porous material such as a type of
filter.
• Works by letting the fluid pass through but
not the solid.
• Examples of filters: coffee filter, cloth, oil
filter, even sand!
Example of filtration:
• Using a coffee filter to separate the coffee
flavor from the coffee beans.
Sifting or sieving
• Used to separate a dry
mixture which contains
substances of different
sizes by passing it through
a sieve, a device containing
tiny holes.
Example of sifting/sieving:
• Using a sieve
to separate
sand from
pebbles.
Extraction
• Used to separate an insoluble solid
(something that doesn’t dissolve in a liquid)
from a soluble solid (something that DOES
dissolve in a liquid). Done by adding a solvent
(liquid that does the dissolving) to the
mixture. Then pouring the liquid through a
filter.
Example of extraction
• With a mixture of sugar and sand, pouring
water in the mixture which causes the sugar
to dissolve. Then pouring the solution
through a filter, causing the sand to separate
from the sugar water.
Evaporation
• Allowing the liquid
to evaporate,
leaving the soluble
solid behind.
• Example: heating
sugar water. The
water evaporates
and the sugar
crystals are left
behind.
Example of using extraction and
evaporation together:
• Using water to dissolve sugar, then letting the
water evaporate, leaving the sugar behind.
Chromatography
• Used to separate dissolved substances in a
solution from each other.
Mixture Components
Separation
Stationary Phase
Mobile Phase
Example of chromatography:
• Using chromatography paper to separate ink
into it’s original components.

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Separating mixtures

  • 2. What is a mixture? • When two or more materials or substances are mixed together but do not chemically combine. • This means they retain their original properties. • This means they can be separated by physical means.
  • 3. What are the different ways of separating mixtures? • Magnetism • Hand separation • Filtration • Sifting or sieving • Extraction and evaporation • Chromatography
  • 4. Magnetism • If one component of the mixture has magnetic properties, you could use a magnet to separate the mixture. Iron, nickel, and cobalt are all materials that are magnetic. • Not all metals are magnetic: gold, silver, and aluminum are examples of metals that are not magnetic.
  • 5. Example of magnetism • Using a magnet to separate nails from wood chips.
  • 6. Hand separation • Separating the parts of a mixture by hand. • Only useful when the particles are large enough to be seen clearly. • Useful for: separating parts of a salad.
  • 7. Example of hand separation: • Using your fork to separate tomatoes, lettuce, cucumber, onions, etc. in your salad.
  • 8. Filtration • Used when separating a solid substance from a fluid (a liquid or a gas) by passing a mixture through a porous material such as a type of filter. • Works by letting the fluid pass through but not the solid. • Examples of filters: coffee filter, cloth, oil filter, even sand!
  • 9. Example of filtration: • Using a coffee filter to separate the coffee flavor from the coffee beans.
  • 10. Sifting or sieving • Used to separate a dry mixture which contains substances of different sizes by passing it through a sieve, a device containing tiny holes.
  • 11. Example of sifting/sieving: • Using a sieve to separate sand from pebbles.
  • 12. Extraction • Used to separate an insoluble solid (something that doesn’t dissolve in a liquid) from a soluble solid (something that DOES dissolve in a liquid). Done by adding a solvent (liquid that does the dissolving) to the mixture. Then pouring the liquid through a filter.
  • 13. Example of extraction • With a mixture of sugar and sand, pouring water in the mixture which causes the sugar to dissolve. Then pouring the solution through a filter, causing the sand to separate from the sugar water.
  • 14. Evaporation • Allowing the liquid to evaporate, leaving the soluble solid behind. • Example: heating sugar water. The water evaporates and the sugar crystals are left behind.
  • 15. Example of using extraction and evaporation together: • Using water to dissolve sugar, then letting the water evaporate, leaving the sugar behind.
  • 16. Chromatography • Used to separate dissolved substances in a solution from each other. Mixture Components Separation Stationary Phase Mobile Phase
  • 17. Example of chromatography: • Using chromatography paper to separate ink into it’s original components.