This document discusses the different types of energy including kinetic, potential, mechanical, electrical, light, sound, thermal, and chemical energy. It explains that energy can change forms but is never created or destroyed based on the law of conservation of energy. Kinetic energy depends on an object's mass and speed while potential energy depends on its position or condition. Examples are provided to illustrate how energy is transferred and transformed, such as a swinging object converting potential to kinetic energy or a car engine changing chemical energy to motion.

1. What is Energy?
•The word energy comes from the
Greek word “Energos” which means
active
•Energy is the ability to cause change

2. Energy…
•…is the ability to make things move

3. The seven types of energy…
•Chemical - gasoline,
•Light – sun,
•Heat – burner,
•Nuclear , sun
•Mechanical - car,
•Sound – music on the radio,
•Electrical - lightning

4. Kinetic energy:
It’s the energy an object has due to motion
Example:
A moving bowling ball has energy that causes
the pins to fall .
This energy is called kinetic energy.
Kinetic Energy

5. The sky diver has kinetic energy
A ball kicked by a football
player has a kinetic energy

6. Mass, Speed and Kinetic Energy
• All moving objects have kinetic energy.
• Not all moving objects have the same amount of kinetic
energy.
• The amount of kinetic energy an object has depends on
the mass and the speed of the object

8. Imagine those two rocks are rolling down the hillside with the
same speed.
Which one will have more kinetic energy?
Which one will cause more damage if they hit something at the
bottom?
The larger rock could cause more damage because it has larger
mass and has more kinetic energy than the smaller rock

9. Kinetic energy also depends on speed .
The faster object has more speed and has
more kinetic energy

10. Transferring kinetic energy
Kinetic energy could be transferred from one object to another when they
collide .
•The bowling ball does not touch all the pins but
it can knock them down with one roll .
•The bowling ball transfer kinetic energy to few
pins.
•The pins will transfer this kinetic energy to each
other and knock them down

11. •A transfer of kinetic energy
takes place when dominos fall.
•When you tap the first domino
you give it a kinetic energy
•Then the domino will fall into
the next one and the kinetic
energy will be transferred from
one domino to another

12. This skater has no
kinetic energy as she’s
standing at the top of
the hill and not
moving.
As the skater moves down , she is
moving faster and her kinetic energy
increases.

13. • Gravity pulls the skater down the hill.
• If the skater was standing at the bottom
of the hill, gravity wouldn’t start her
moving.
• When the skater is at the top of the hill,
she has a form of energy called
Potential energy

14. Potential Energy
•It’s the energy that is stored because of an object’s
position.
•The Higher an object is lifted above earth, the greater is
it’s potential energy

16. Converting potential and
kinetic energy

17. When you throw a
ball upwards it is
moving the fastest
so it has maximum
kinetic energy
As the ball moves
upward , it slows
down and stops
for an instant
As the ball moves
downward it
speeds up and the
potential energy is
transferred into
kinetic energy

20. Energy changes in falling water
Is converted
to

21. Water at the top of the dam has
potential energy.
When water falls downwards
the potential energy changes
into kinetic energy
The kinetic energy
in the moving
water spins the
generators and
that’ll produce
electrical energy

22. KE and PE
• In many situations, there is a conversion between
potential and kinetic energy.
• The total amount of potential and kinetic energy in a
system is called the mechanical energy
• Mechanical energy = PE + KE

23. Mechanical Energy
•The mechanical energy does not change because the loss
in potential energy is simply transferred into kinetic
energy.
•The energy in the system remains constant!!

24. Mechanical Energy
The energy of movement.
This energy includes both
kinetic energy (motion) and
potential (stored) energy

25. Mechanical Energy
• Mechanical energy is due to the position and
motion of the object.
• What happens to the mechanical energy of
an apple as it falls from a tree?

26. Mechanical Energy
•As the apple falls to the ground, its height decreases.
Therefore, its PE decreases.
•The potential energy is not lost… it is converted into
kinetic energy as the velocity of the apple increases.
•What happens to the mechanical energy?

27. Swinging Along
•Think about the changes in energy when you are on
a swing…
•At what point do you have the most potential
energy?
•At what point do you have the most kinetic energy?
•What happens to the mechanical energy?

28. Conversion of
Energy

29. Mechanical Energy
The energy of movement. This energy
includes both kinetic energy (motion)
and potential (stored) energy

30. Electrical Energy
A form of energy that is produced
when electrons move from one place
to another place

31. Light Energy
A form of energy that travels
in waves and can move through
empty space where there is no
air.

32. Thermal Energy
The energy of moving
particles in a substance;
also called heat energy

33. Sound Energy
A form of energy produced
by vibrating objects.

34. The Law of Conservation of
Energy
• The Law of Conservation of Energy states that energy
cannot be created or destroyed.
• The big picture… the total energy in the universe
remains constant.

35. Energy in Your Body
•Even the energy converted in your body follows
the law of conservation of energy.
•Chemical potential energy is transferred to kinetic
energy that allows your body to move!!

36. Calories…
• A Calorie (C) is a unit to measure energy in foods.
• 1 Calorie is equal to about 4,184 Joules.
• A person uses about:
• 55 Calories while sleeping for 1 hour
• 210 Calories while walking for 1 hour
• 850 Calories while running for 1 hour

37. Changing forms of Energy
• An example of transforming chemical energy is a car engine.
Chemical potential energy in gasoline is transformed into kinetic
energy of the car as it moves!!

38. •But how? If I stop pumping while I’m swinging,
I stop!! So, where’s the energy?

39. Conservation of Energy
• Energy is transformed… not destroyed!!