The document discusses different types of mixtures including homogeneous and heterogeneous mixtures, solution-based mixtures, and solid mixtures. Homogeneous mixtures have a uniform composition while heterogeneous mixtures have a non-uniform composition. Solution-based mixtures can be classified as true solutions, colloidal solutions, or suspensions depending on the particle size of the solute. Solid mixtures include alloys, which are homogeneous solid solutions of metals that are difficult to separate. An example given is brass, which is a homogeneous mixture of copper and zinc that takes on properties between the two metals.

1. Heterogeneous
and Homogeneous
MIXTURES
Dr. RENUKA RAJASEKARAN

2. How are they different?
Homogeneous mixtures have uniform
composition.
Heterogeneous mixtures have non-
uniform composition.

3. What type of mixture each is?
Almonds Trail mix

4. Almonds: Homogeneous
Trail Mix: HETEROGENEOUS
Almonds Trail mix

5. Techniques to Separate
Heterogeneous Solid Mixtures
SEPARATION TECHNIQUE
1. Hand Picking
2. Sieving
3. Gravity Separation
4. Magnetic Separation
5. Winnowing
6. Froth Flotation
PRINCIPLE
1. Conspicuous differences between different
components
2. Particle size different between
components
3. Specific Gravity difference between
components
4. One or more of the components is
magnetic
5. One of the component is a very light or
dust like material
6. One of the components is hydrophobic

6. Sieving; Free Image Courtesy:
http://www.ingridscience.ca/n
ode/338
Hand picking; Free Image
Courtesy:
www.shutterstock.com
Gravity Separation. Free Image Courtesy:
https://www.911metallurgist.com/blog/grav
ity-spiral-separator-working-principle/how-
spirals-work#iLightbox[postimages]/0
Magnetic Separation; Free Image Courtesy:
https://infograph.venngage.com/p/44403/separation-
methods; Right: http://www.glogster.com/favianheng/separation-
of-mixtures-prss-1e5-chemistry-/g-6ms3bthoq6926283cl6iua0
Sorting Machine - Skittles
and M&M's
https://www.youtube.com
/watch?v=tSEHDBSynVo
Winnowing: Free Image Courtesy:
Alamy Stock Photos
Froth Flotation: Free
Image
Courtesy:
https://www.911metall
urgist.com/blog/mineral
-processing-froth-
flotation

7. Solution Based Mixtures

8. What type of mixtures are these?
1. Apple juice
2. Orange juice with pulp
3. Chocolate dough
4. Italian salad dressing

9. What type of mixtures are these?
1. Apple juice: Homogeneous
2. Orange juice with pulp: Heterogeneous
3. Chocolate dough: Homogeneous
4. Italian salad dressing: Heterogeneous

10. Oil &
Water
WHAT TYPE OF MIXTURE?
WHAT TYPE OF MIXTURE?
MAYONNAISE, WHICH IS
MAINLY MADE OF OIL AND
WATER

11. .
WHAT TYPE OF MIXTURE? -
HETEROGENEOUS
WHAT TYPE OF MIXTURE?-HETEROGENEOUS
HOMOGENEOUS
What type of mixture? -
Homogeneous
HETEROGENEOUS

12. Oil &
Water
HOW MANY COMPONENTS/PHASES?
.
MAYONNAISE
MADE OF OIL AND WATER
Water

13. Oil &
Water
HOW MANY COMPONENTS/PHASES?
.
MAYONNAISE
MADE MANILY OF OIL AND
WATER HAS OTHER
INGREDIENTS AS WELL
Water
Phase
Water
Phase and
Oil Phase
Water
Phase, Oil
Phase,
and many
other
phases

14. Solution based Mixtures
True Solution
Colloidal Solutions
Suspensions
These solutions typically differ in
the particle size of the solute.

15. Solution based Mixtures
True Solution: Solute size: <1 nm
Colloidal Solutions: Solute size:
1 nm to 100 nm
Suspensions : Solute size: >100 nm
These solutions typically differ in the
manner in which they are the solutes
reside in the solvent.

16. Solution based Mixtures
True Solution: Solute is dissolved and is invisible. Example salt
solution. This is a homogeneous mixture.
Colloidal Solutions: Solute is dispersed uniformly throughout
the solution, the presence of the solute is visible but you cannot
lift it out. Example Milk and blood. This is a homogeneous
mixture.
Suspensions : Solute stays outside the solvent – that is, the
solute is suspended. Sand in water.
These solutions typically differ in the manner in which the
solute can be separated from the solvent.

17. Mixture Separation Techniques
for Solution Based Mixtures
Homogeneous Mixtures Heterogeneous Mixtures
Centrifugation (colloidal particles
are separated out of the solution)
Coagulation (Colloidal particles are
turned into suspension size
particles)
Distillation (Solvents are separated
by boiling and condensation at
different boiling points)
Evaporation (solvent is removed
out of the solute)
Chromatography
Filtration (Insoluble solute(s))
Sedimentation & Decantation
(fine suspended particles settle
down, sediment, and harden when
the liquid clarifies)

18. Centrifugation; Free Image
Courtesy:
https://www.linkedin.com/pul
se/cell-free-dna-what-ivan-
yong
Coagulation; Free Image Courtesy: Left:
https://www.stockvault.net/photo/148562/coagulation
Right: Coagulated Blood; https://www.dreamstime.com/stock-photo-blood-
sample-tubes-tube-coagulation-testing-image57916276
Filtration: Free Image Courtesy:
https://arcadiaonline.co.za/products/sunbe
am-water-pitcher-with-3x-free-filters
Distillation: Free Image Courtesy:
Shutterstock
Evaporation: Free Image
Courtesy: Alamy Stock
Photo
Sedimentation and
Decantation: Free Image
Courtesy:
http://www.aplustopper
.com/tag/condensation/

19. Chromatography
Paper Chromatography:
http://inspirationlaboratories.com/chro
matography-christmas-ornaments/
Paper Chromatography:
http://www.scoop.it/t/chromatography-for-vce
Chalk Chromatography: https://www.thoughtco.com/chalk-
chromatography-how-to-605965

20. Homogeneous
Solid Based Mixtures

21. Solid Solutions: Alloys
Solid solutions are a solid dissolved in another solid to produce a
homogeneous mixture. Best examples of solid solutions are provided
by alloys, which are homogeneous solutions existing in the solid form.
Steel, Brass, Bronze, Solder alloy are good examples of alloys.
In alloys, the metal that is present in larger quantity acts as a solvent
and the other metals which are present in smaller quantities act as
solute.
The components of an alloy are hard to separate.

22. Solid Solutions: Homogeneous Mixtures
Brass is composed of 67% Copper and 33% Zinc.
Brass behaves like a single material not as two materials.
Brass is a new metal form although it is made of Copper and Zinc.
Brass is more malleable than both its components namely copper and zinc.
Brass is more lustrous than both its components namely copper and zinc.
Brass has a lower melting point than both its components.
Since brass is a mixture and not a true compound, there is no chemical name for Brass.
Normal (left; seen with naked eye) ) Micro (middle; seen through a microscope) and
Nano (Right; seen through a Scanning Electron Microscope)
structures of Brass show continuously increasing resolution of structure.
Scanning Electron
Microscope Image Courtesy
for Scanning Electron Microscope:
http://news.softpedia.com/news/Ne
w-Device-Can-Study-Nanostructures-
Just-10-Nanometers-Wide-
434382.shtml
Microscope
Image courtesy:
Clipart.com