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ways/methods/techniques in separating mixtures
- 2. Separation of Mixtures Identify the different ways of separating mixtures. Determine how the different ways are used to separate mixtures. Identify the ways in which Hand Picking, Threshing, Winnowing, Sieving, Magnetic Attraction, Sublimation, Evaporation, Crystallization, Sedimentation & Decantation, Loading, Filtration, Distillation, Centrifugation, and Paper Chromatography can be used in daily life.
- 3. A Mixture…. o consistsof two or more different substances that are mixed but not chemically combined. o they do not have well defined specific properties. o can be separated into its components by physical means.
- 4. Rock-mixture of different kindsof rocks Sandwich- mixture of bread, meat, tomato Examples of Mixtures Soda- mixture of sugar and water
- 5. 2 Types ofMixtures The prefixes: “hetero” indicate difference. A heterogeneous mixture is that which does not have the same composition throughout, that is, its components are not uniformly distributed and can be distinguished from each other.
- 6. oExamples: •Concrete •Beach sand isheterogeneous since you can see different colored particles •Vinegar and oil salad dressing is heterogeneous since two liquid layers are present, as well as solids.
- 7. The prefixes: “homo” indicate sameness. Ahomogeneous mixture is that which has the same composition throughout, that is, its components are uniformly distributed and cannot be distinguished from each other.
- 8. oExamples: •Corn oil •White vinegar •Asugar solution •A salt solution
- 9. What are thedifferent ways of separating mixtures? Hand Picking Threshing Winnowing Sieving Magnetic Attraction Sublimation Evaporation Crystallization Sedimentation & Decantation Loading Filtration Distillation Centrifugation Paper Chromatography
- 10.
- 11. The componentsof a solid-solid mixture can be separated by hand picking. This is only useful when the particles are large enough to be seen clearly. For example • separating pebbles from rice or dal, • separating grass from mint leaves, and • separating parts of a salad.
- 12.
- 13. Threshing isthe method that generally used by the farmers to separate the grains from the stalks after harvesting. The dried stalks are beaten or threshed to separate the grains. However, in large farms threshing is done by using threshing machines.
- 14.
- 15. In Winnowingthe mixture is allowed to fall from a height. The lighten components get separated from the heavier ones because of wind or air blow. This method is used to separate lighter husk from heavier Grains like wheat.
- 16. Sifting or Sieving Sievingis used to separate a dry mixture which contains substances of different sizes by passing it through a sieve.
- 17. A sieveis a device containing tiny holes and separates wanted elements from unwanted material.
- 18. Magnetic Attraction orMagnetism Magnetism is a process in which magnetically susceptible material is extracted from a mixture using a magnetic force.
- 19. Sublimation The process in whicha solid changes directly into gaseous state on heating is called sublimation.
- 20. oExample Iodine and ammoniumchloride On heating, they do not melt. Iodine changes into a beautiful violet vapor while ammonium chloride changes into a white vapor. They change back into solid crystal on cooling.
- 21. Evaporation Evaporation is aprocess in which a liquid changes into gaseous form on heating. Allowing the liquid to evaporate, leaving the soluble solid behind.
- 22. Crystallization is aprocess which separates a pure solid in the form of its crystals from a saturated solution. Crystallization
- 23. Sedimentation and Decantation Sedimentationis the process by which the insoluble, heavy solid particles settle down their own in a solution. In order to separate the two, the liquid has to be gently poured into another
- 24. container without disturbingthe sediments. This process of obtaining clear liquid by pouring a solution from a container in order to leave the sediments in the bottom of the original container is called decantation.
- 25. Loading Loading is aprocess which speeds up the sedimentation. In fact, loading is a faster process as compared to sedimentation.
- 26.
- 27. Filtration is commonlythe mechanical or physical operation which is used for the separation of solids from fluids (liquids or gases) by interposing a medium through which only the fluid can pass. oExample: Using a coffee filter to separate the coffee flavor from the coffee beans.
- 28. Distillation the processby which a mixture is separated by heating a solution and condensing using a cooling tube. The liquid collected is the distillate. Distillation
- 29. “It is theprocess whereby distilled water is produced and accessible in the market” “Rain water is a product of distillation” “Some medicine that has fish oil ingredients passes through double distillation”. Gasoline, kerosene, fuel oil, and lubricating oil are produced from petroleum by distillation.
- 30. The solution is boiled and steamis driven off.
- 31.
- 32. No chemical changeoccurs when salt water is distilled. Saltwater solution (homogeneous mixture) Pure water
- 34. Centrifugation • Spin samplevery rapidly: denser materials go to bottom (outside) • Separate blood into serum and plasma -Plasma = less dense -Erythrocytes = red blood cells • Check for anemia (lack of iron)
- 35. Paper Chromatography Paper Chromatographyused to separate out one color from a mixture of colors.
- 36.
- 38. oExamples: Using chromatography paperto separate ink into it’s original components
- 39. Review Questions Exercise 1 Consistsof two or more different substances that are mixed but not chemically combined. a. mixture b. compound c. substance d. solution
- 40. Answer Exercise 1 a.mixture
- 41. Exercise 2 A ____________________is that which does not have the same composition throughout, that is, its components are not uniformly distributed and can be distinguished from each other. a. mixture b. compound c. heterogeneous mixture d. homogeneous mixture
- 42. Answer Exercise 2 c.heterogeneous mixture
- 43. Exercise 3 A ____________________is that which has the same composition throughout, that is, its components are uniformly distributed and cannot be distinguished from each other. a. mixture b. compound c. heterogeneous mixture d. homogeneous mixture
- 44. Answer Exercise 3 d.homogeneous mixture
- 45. Exercise 4 The componentsof a solid-solid mixture can be separated by a. threshing b. hand picking c. winnowing d. sieving
- 46. Answer Exercise 4 b.hand picking
- 47. Exercise 5 This isa process in which magnetically susceptible material is extracted from a mixture using a magnetic force. a. sieving b. filtration c. paper chromatography d. magnetic attraction
- 48. Answer Exercise 5 d.magnetic attraction
- 49. Exercise 6 (answereach question) Question 1 Why is a chocolate chip cookie considered a mixture?
- 50. Answer Exercise 6 1.Chocolate chip cookie o They are mixtures because they are made up of 2 different substances mixed together (cookie and chocolate chips). o The individual parts keep their original properties. o The parts can be separated easily by physical means.
- 51. Exercise 6 Question 2 Whatare the two types of mixtures?
- 52. Answer Exercise 6 Question2 Two Types of Mixtures oheterogeneous mixture ohomogeneous mixture
- 53. Exercise 6 Question 3 Whatare the different ways of separating mixtures.
- 54. Answer Exercise 6 Question3 Different Ways of Separating Mixtures oHand Picking oThreshing oWinnowing oSieving oMagnetic Attraction oSublimation oEvaporation
- 55.
- 56. Exercise 6 Question 4 Gasoline,kerosene, fuel oil, and lubricating oil are produced from petroleum by _______________ .
- 57. Answer Exercise 6 Question4 4. distillation