cooling techniques for solar photovoltanic cells. active cooling types of active cooling forced air/water cooling nanofluid cooling refrigerant cooling passive cooling

1. COOLING TECHNIQUES FOR SOLAR
PHOTOVOLTAIC PANELS

2. INTRODUCTION
 Solar energy is a well organized and most used renewable
power source which harnesses power from the radiations of
the Sun with the help of a solar cell.
 The efficiency of PV panels in certain
conditions is the most efficient around 25°C
surface temperature.
Hence, it becomes a necessity to control the working
temperature range by the effective cooling of PV panel

3. Efficiency vs Temperature Graph

4. PV Cooling Techniques

5. Active Cooling
 The active cooling technique is considered an effective way to
improve the photovoltaic performance.
 It depends on an external power source.
 The external power is deducted from the power produced
from the PV cells.
 Reducing the net output power produced from the PV
cells.

6. Types of Active Cooling
There are 3 types of Active cooling techniques and they are as
follows :
 Forced air/water Cooling
 Nanofluid cooling
 Refrigerant cooling

7. Forced air/water cooling
 The cooling agent, i.e., water or air, is circulated around the PV
panels for cooling the solar cells.
 The cooling agent is forcefully cooled by a fan.
 It is the simplest and cost effective cooling technique.
 Efficiency can be improved by 30 percentage by using this
type of cooling technique.

9. Nanofluid Cooling
 Nanofluid cooling is one of the potential cooling techniques for
lowering the temperature of the PV module.
 Nanofluids are used to bring down the temperature of the panel by
increasing the thermal conductivity of base fluids.
 Commonly used nano fluids are Al2O3 , TiO2, ZnO in deionized water,
MgO/water (0.1,0.2,0.6% wt.), Polypyrrole,
 Al2O3/water,
 Al2O3, CuO with water and Ethylene Glycol

10.  This technique can increase
30-45 percentage efficiency.
 High cost of Nanoparticle
suspension.

11. Refrigerant Cooling
 Refrigerant is a chemical that produces a cooling effect while
expanding or vaporizing.
 It is one of the commonly used method for cooling, and widely used
for cooling.
 Commonly used and most efficient Refrigerant is Ammonia.
 It needs external power at the beginning of the cooling cycle
and its a disadvantage .

13. Passive Cooling
 Passive cooling requires no special power to cool Photo voltaic
cells.
 Passive cooling technologies are considered to be effective in
reducing the temperature of P.V. cells
 They are relatively easy and cost-effective to produce.

14. Types of Passive Cooling
Passive Cooling are natural type of cooling and they are mainly
classified in two types as follows :
 Natural air/water Cooling
 PCM cooling

15. Natural air/water cooling
 In natural air/water cooling techniques any kind of power input is
not needed and mainly it works with mechanical and thermal
properties.
 In natural water cooling techniques domestic running of water and
concentrated Photovoltaic systems using water is used
 In natural water cooling, cooling completely depends on the natural
mass flow rate and geographic location where the PV panel is kept.

17. PCM cooling
 A phase change material(PCM) is a substance which releases/absorbs
sufficient energy at phase transition to provide useful heat or cooling.
 Comparing a PV-only system to a PV system incorporating a PCM,
with thermophysical properties suitable to the PVs heat rejection,
an increase of the PV’s output by 9%.
 Most commonly used PCMs are Paraffin Waxes, Non-Paraffin
Organics, Hydrated Salts, and Metallics.

19. REFERENCES
Cooling Techniques of Solar Photovoltaic Panels
Authors : Jeet Shah , Ashutosh Chowdhary , Deep Patel , Dhruv Thakker, Umang Talaviya, Pavit Shah
Paper ID : IJERTV11IS010204
Volume & Issue : Volume 11, Issue 01 (January 2022)
Published (First Online): 04-02-2022
ISSN (Online) : 2278-0181
Publisher Name : IJERT
Advanced cooling techniques of Panels, Department of Electric Stations, Grids and Power Supply Systems, South
Ural State University, Chelyabinsk, Russian Federation
Received 31 December 2019, Revised 28 May 2020, Accepted 31 May 2020, Available online 3 June 2020, Version
of Record 6 June 2020.

20. THANK YOU..........