This document discusses the history and basics of semiconductors and electronic circuits. It covers key topics like the development of early computers using vacuum tubes, the invention of the transistor at Bell Labs in 1948, the first integrated circuits in the late 1950s, and how doping processes are used to dope silicon substrates for semiconductors. The document also provides an overview of basic circuit theory and both passive and active electronic devices.

1. Semiconductor and
Electronic Circuits
Yong Heui Cho @ Mokwon University

2. 2
Electronic Circuits
1. Semiconductor & Electronic Ckts
2. Introduction to Smart Sensors
3. Basic Circuit Theory
4. Diode – Operational Principle

3. 3
Semiconductor

4. 4
三國志
讀書百遍 意自見
- 董遇

5. 5
The Fourth Industrial Revolution
(제4차 산업혁명)
Engine Electricity Computer AI
←spacenews.com

6. 6
Computer Era
• ICT service
• Internet
• Computer
• CPU (Central Processing Unit)
• Logic Circuits
• Analog Circuits (Electronic Circuits)
• Transistors
• Semiconductor
• Silicon (sand)

7. 7
Semiconductor
• Misunderstanding
– Half of conductor, half of insulator
• Correct definition
– Voltage controlled conductor
– Depending on voltage, semiconductor is
conductor or insulator

8. 8
Vacuum Tube
• A bulb which can compute and think
– Invented by Fleming (at 55) in 1904

9. 9
ENIAC
• The first general purpose electronic
computer
– Electronic Numerical Integrator and
Calculator
– Developed by Eckert (chief engineer) and
Mauchly (professor) for 1943-1946
– Recognized by von Neumann
– Weight = 27 tons
– # of vacuum tubes = 17,468
– # of soldering = over 5 millions

10. 10
Debugging of ENIAC

11. 11
Weakness of Bulbs
• Large heat
• Low power efficiency
• Short life
• Fragility

12. 12
Sand is Solution!
• Semiconductor substrate is made of sand.
• Silicon is 2nd most abundant on Earth.
• Wafer is almost perfect insulator.

13. 13
Doping Process
• Adding impurities to silicon (Si)
dramatically changes electrical
behaviors of semiconductor.
– N-type: P, As
– P-type: B, Ga

14. 14
Invention of Transistor
• TR (Transistor)
– Trans + Resistor
• Invented by John Bardeen (at 40), Walter
Brattain (at 46), and William Shockley (at
38) in 1948 at Bell Labs
first TR

15. 15
First All-TR Car Radio
at 1955

16. 16
Soldering
• Mass production (?)

17. 17
Integrated Circuit (IC)
• Invented by Jack Kilby (at 35) in 1958 at
Texas Instruments

18. 18
Semiconductor Process

19. 19
Electronic Circuits

20. 20
Passive Devices
resistor inductor capacitor
relay transformer

21. 21
Active Devices
transistor
FET
IC
diode

22. 22
Circuit Diagram
IC7806: voltage regulator
NC: normally closed
NO: normally open

23. 23
PCB Artwork
• PCB (Printed Circuit Board)