The document provides an overview of basic electronics engineering, including definitions, the evolution of electronics, and various applications across multiple industries. It covers historical milestones, from the Edison effect to the development of transistors and integrated circuits, detailing technological advancements. Key applications in communication, medical electronics, military, and household devices are also highlighted.

1. 1
EST 130, Part B,
Basic Electronics Engineering
MEC

2. 2
Coverage
• Definition and Evolution of Electronics.
• Passive and Active Devices.
• Basic Electronic Circuits.
• Public Address System.
• Instrumentation System.
• Analog Communication Systems.
• Cellular Communication Systems.

3. 3
Evolution of Electronics
MEC

4. 4
Contents
• Meaning of Electronics.
• Milestones/History of Development.
• Impact.
• Applications.
• Classifying Electronic Components.

5. 5
Electronics
• Electronics - Electron Mechanics.
• Branch of science dealing with flow of
electrons and their effects in materials
such as vaccum, gas and semiconductors.
• Concerned with design, fabrication and
operation of electronic circuits, devices
and systems.
• Deals with low ranges of voltage, current
and power (millivolts/milliwatts etc.)

6. 6
Electronics
• Offshoot of electrical engineering.
• Capable of controlling of higher range of
voltage, current and power.
• Wide applications in communication,
instrumentation, defence, education,
industry, entertainment etc.
• Making life simpler and easier – consumer
electronics.

7. 7
Evolution of Electronics
• Edison Effect : Thomas Alva Edison
(1883), Electron flow from one metal
conductor to another through vacuum.
• Vacuum Diode : John Fleming (1904),
Edison Effect through two element
electron tube.
• Vacuum Triode : Lee Dee Forest (1906),
triggered development of electronics.

8. 8
Evolution of Electronics
• Vacuum Tubes used mainly before World
War II in radio communication, telegraphy,
telephony etc.
• Radio : invented by Marconi.
• Television : Bell Laboratories
demonstrated the first television (1927).
• Transistor : John Bardeen, Walter Brattain
and William Shockley, Bell Laboratories,
(1947).

9. 9
Evolution of Electronics
• Transistor - light weight, small size, low
power, reliable, low cost etc. - disruptive
technology.
• Demonstration of first colour television –
(1950), TV invented by John Baird.
• Unipolar Field Effect Transistor : Schokley
(1952).
• Silicon Controlled Rectifier : Bell
Laboratories (1956), a new era in power
electronics.

10. 10
Evolution of Electronics
• Integrated Circuit : Idea by Jack Kilby
(1958), large number of components
integrated into a single chip, beginning
of microelectronics revolution.
• Advancements in chip fabrication –
Small Scale Integration (SSI), Medium
Scale Integration (MSI), Large Scale
Integration (LSI), Very Large Scale
Integration (VLSI) and Ultra Large Scale
Integration (ULSI) – low power, more
efficient electronic devices.

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Generations of Microelectronics
Vacuum
Tubes
Transistors
ICs
SSI
MSI
LSI
VLSI
ULSI
Generation I,
Early 1900s.
Generation II,
1947.
Generation III,
1958.
Early 1960s, < 100
transistors/chip.
1966, 100 - 1000
transistors/chip.
1969, 1000 –
10,000
transistors/chip
Generation IV, 1975,
10,000 - 1million
transistor/chip.
Generation V, 1995,
> 1million
transistors/chip.

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Evolution of Electronics
• Four bit Microprocessor (1971), Intel 4004.
• Eight Bit Microprocessor (1972).
• Gigabit Memory chip (1995).
• Nanoelectronics in action.

13. 13
Applications
• In Industry : Automatic Control Systems, Quality
Control of Materials, Automation, Robotics,
Measurements/measuring instruments, in
chemical and explosives industries, automobile,
textile manufacturing and rubber industries etc.
• Communication & Entertainment : Telegraphy,
Telephony, Radio, Television, Music Players,
Mobile Communication, Internetworking, Video
Conferencing and Wireless Communications.

14. 14
Applications
• Medical Electronics : ECG, EEG, EMG,
MRI, Laser Applications in Medicine,
Computer Tomography, X-Ray, Ultrasound
and Nuclear Imaging, Pace Maker,
Positron Emission Technology,
Telemedicine, Other Medical Diagnostic
Instruments, Assistive Devices.
• Military : RADAR, SONAR, LIDAR etc.

15. 15
Applications
• Instrumentation : Multimeter, CRO, Power
Supplies, Signal Generators, Signal
Conditioners and Other Measuring
Instruments, Law Enforcement and
Security Systems, Identification / Identity
Verification Instruments, Air Traffic Control
etc.
• Household and Cooking : Induction
Cooking, Microwave Oven, Pump Control,
Washing Machines etc.

16. 16
Electronic Components
Passive Electro-
Mechanical
Active
Electronic
Components
Eg : Resistors,
Capacitors,
Inductors.
Cannot amplify
signals
Eg : Relays,
Actuators.
Used as
switches.
Eg : Diodes,
Transistors,
FETS, Thyristors,
ICs.
Can amplify
signals

17. 17
Thank You