The attached narrated power point presentation explains the meaning of electronics. It traces the evolution of electronics and also mentions a few applications of electronics. The material will be useful for KTU first year students who prepare for the subject EST 130, Part B, Basic Electronics Engineering.

1. 1
EST 130, Part B,
Basic Electronics Engineering
MEC

2. 2
Coverage
• Definition and Evolution of Electronics.
• Passive and Active Devices.
• Basic Electronic Circuits.
• Public Address System.
• Instrumentation System.
• Analog Communication Systems.
• Cellular Communication Systems.

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Evolution of Electronics
MEC

4. 4
Contents
• Meaning of Electronics.
• Milestones/History of Development.
• Impact.
• Applications.
• Classifying Electronic Components.

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Electronics
• Electronics - Electron Mechanics.
• Branch of science dealing with flow of
electrons and their effects in materials
such as vaccum, gas and semiconductors.
• Concerned with design, fabrication and
operation of electronic circuits, devices
and systems.
• Deals with low ranges of voltage, current
and power (millivolts/milliwatts etc.)

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Electronics
• Offshoot of electrical engineering.
• Capable of controlling of higher range of
voltage, current and power.
• Wide applications in communication,
instrumentation, defence, education,
industry, entertainment etc.
• Making life simpler and easier – consumer
electronics.

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Evolution of Electronics
• Edison Effect : Thomas Alva Edison
(1883), Electron flow from one metal
conductor to another through vacuum.
• Vacuum Diode : John Fleming (1904),
Edison Effect through two element
electron tube.
• Vacuum Triode : Lee Dee Forest (1906),
triggered development of electronics.

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Evolution of Electronics
• Vacuum Tubes used mainly before World
War II in radio communication, telegraphy,
telephony etc.
• Radio : invented by Marconi.
• Television : Bell Laboratories
demonstrated the first television (1927).
• Transistor : John Bardeen, Walter Brattain
and William Shockley, Bell Laboratories,
(1947).

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Evolution of Electronics
• Transistor - light weight, small size, low
power, reliable, low cost etc. - disruptive
technology.
• Demonstration of first colour television –
(1950), TV invented by John Baird.
• Unipolar Field Effect Transistor : Schokley
(1952).
• Silicon Controlled Rectifier : Bell
Laboratories (1956), a new era in power
electronics.

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Evolution of Electronics
• Integrated Circuit : Idea by Jack Kilby
(1958), large number of components
integrated into a single chip, beginning
of microelectronics revolution.
• Advancements in chip fabrication –
Small Scale Integration (SSI), Medium
Scale Integration (MSI), Large Scale
Integration (LSI), Very Large Scale
Integration (VLSI) and Ultra Large Scale
Integration (ULSI) – low power, more
efficient electronic devices.

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Generations of Microelectronics
Vacuum
Tubes
Transistors
ICs
SSI
MSI
LSI
VLSI
ULSI
Generation I,
Early 1900s.
Generation II,
1947.
Generation III,
1958.
Early 1960s, < 100
transistors/chip.
1966, 100 - 1000
transistors/chip.
1969, 1000 –
10,000
transistors/chip
Generation IV, 1975,
10,000 - 1million
transistor/chip.
Generation V, 1995,
> 1million
transistors/chip.

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Evolution of Electronics
• Four bit Microprocessor (1971), Intel 4004.
• Eight Bit Microprocessor (1972).
• Gigabit Memory chip (1995).
• Nanoelectronics in action.

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Applications
• In Industry : Automatic Control Systems, Quality
Control of Materials, Automation, Robotics,
Measurements/measuring instruments, in
chemical and explosives industries, automobile,
textile manufacturing and rubber industries etc.
• Communication & Entertainment : Telegraphy,
Telephony, Radio, Television, Music Players,
Mobile Communication, Internetworking, Video
Conferencing and Wireless Communications.

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Applications
• Medical Electronics : ECG, EEG, EMG,
MRI, Laser Applications in Medicine,
Computer Tomography, X-Ray, Ultrasound
and Nuclear Imaging, Pace Maker,
Positron Emission Technology,
Telemedicine, Other Medical Diagnostic
Instruments, Assistive Devices.
• Military : RADAR, SONAR, LIDAR etc.

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Applications
• Instrumentation : Multimeter, CRO, Power
Supplies, Signal Generators, Signal
Conditioners and Other Measuring
Instruments, Law Enforcement and
Security Systems, Identification / Identity
Verification Instruments, Air Traffic Control
etc.
• Household and Cooking : Induction
Cooking, Microwave Oven, Pump Control,
Washing Machines etc.

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Electronic Components
Passive Electro-
Mechanical
Active
Electronic
Components
Eg : Resistors,
Capacitors,
Inductors.
Cannot amplify
signals
Eg : Relays,
Actuators.
Used as
switches.
Eg : Diodes,
Transistors,
FETS, Thyristors,
ICs.
Can amplify
signals

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Thank You