Memristor the fourth basic elememt
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This document discusses the memristor, which is described as the fourth basic circuit element along with the resistor, capacitor, and inductor. It provides details on what a memristor is, why it is called a memristor, how it works, its appearance and invention, types of memristors, applications, advantages, disadvantages, and its potential role in replacing transistors and as logic gate circuits. The key points are that a memristor is a passive and non-linear two-terminal element whose resistance depends on the amount and direction of charge that has previously flowed through it, allowing it to remember the last resistance.
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Memristors
This document provides an overview of memristors. It begins by discussing how memristors were theorized by Leon Chua in 1971 to complete the relationship between fundamental circuit variables. Memristors relate magnetic flux and charge. The document then defines memristors, explaining that they are two-terminal circuit elements whose flux is a function of passing charge. It also discusses memristance as the resistance of a memristor, which changes based on the direction of current flow and remembers its last resistance even when power is turned off. Potential applications of memristors include non-volatile memory to replace flash memory.
Final presentation on memristor
This document summarizes memristors, including:
- Memristors are a type of electrical circuit and the fourth fundamental circuit element along with resistors, capacitors, and inductors.
- Memristors relate magnetic flux and charge, and their resistance changes over time based on the amount of current that has passed through it.
- Potential benefits of memristors include using less energy, not losing information when powered off, having high data density, and combining functions of memory and storage. Memristors could enable new technologies like non-volatile memory, booting computers without storage, neural networks, and environmental monitoring devices.
Memristor!!
This document discusses memristors, a fourth fundamental circuit element predicted in 1971 and realized in 2008. Memristors are two-terminal devices whose resistance depends on the history of applied voltages. The first memristor was created at HP Labs using a thin film of titanium dioxide sandwiched between platinum electrodes. By drifting oxygen ions with an electric field, the device's resistance could be switched to represent binary data states. Memristors could replace other non-volatile memory types and even mimic neural behaviors, with potential applications in memory, programmable logic, and neuromorphic computing.
memristor
The memristor is a two-terminal electronic component theorized in 1971 as a fourth fundamental circuit element. In 2008, HP Labs created the first physical memristor using titanium dioxide. Memristors behave similarly to synapses in the brain and could be used to build artificial neural networks for applications like neuromorphic computing and non-volatile memory. Major companies and research institutions are now working to further develop memristors and explore their potential applications in the future.
Memristor
This document discusses resistive random-access memory (RRAM) as a potential replacement for flash memory. RRAM uses materials that can electrically switch between high and low resistive states, allowing for denser memory arrays. It could provide advantages over flash memory like greater density, lower power usage, higher speeds, and lower costs. RRAM works by controlling resistance changes in thin oxide films and works through a resistive switching mechanism based on the material properties. HP labs created the first working prototype of a memristor, a fundamental circuit element theorized in 1971 to work alongside the resistor, capacitor, and inductor.
Track e memristors- shahar kvatinsky
This document discusses memristors, which are circuit elements with memory and resistance that depend on the history of applied voltages or currents. It summarizes the theory behind memristive systems and practical memristor devices that have been developed, including those based on TiOx and spin-based technologies. The document outlines several potential applications of memristors, such as non-volatile memory, neuromorphic systems that mimic the brain, programmable analog circuits, and reconfigurable logic. It concludes that memristors open new opportunities for applications by combining memory and logic and notes that new design methodologies will be needed to realize these opportunities.
Mythology of the Memristor
- The document debunks several myths about memristors. It argues that the memristor is not a fundamental circuit element and that HP did not actually discover the memristor. HP's "memristor" device does not meet the strict mathematical definition.
- It also argues that memristive memory is unlikely to replace technologies like flash memory. Companies are supporting phase change memory rather than memristors for next-generation non-volatile memory.
- The document analyzes patent data and finds that companies like Samsung and Unity Semiconductor have more patents related to resistance memory technologies, while HP has none related to metal oxide memories.
Memristors
Memristors are a fourth fundamental circuit element that relates electrical charge and magnetic flux linkage. Its resistance depends on the amount and direction of charge that has previously flowed through it. Memristors were first theorized in 1971 and the first functioning memristor was built in 2008. There are two main types - molecular/ionic thin film memristors which use material properties like titanium dioxide, and spin-based memristors which use electron spin. Memristors have applications in non-volatile memory, AI, and neuromorphic computing due to advantages like non-volatility, low power usage, and ability to mimic synaptic behavior. Extensive research continues on memristors which may revolutionize computing and memory like the transistor
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Memristors
This document provides an overview of memristors. It begins by discussing how memristors were theorized by Leon Chua in 1971 to complete the relationship between fundamental circuit variables. Memristors relate magnetic flux and charge. The document then defines memristors, explaining that they are two-terminal circuit elements whose flux is a function of passing charge. It also discusses memristance as the resistance of a memristor, which changes based on the direction of current flow and remembers its last resistance even when power is turned off. Potential applications of memristors include non-volatile memory to replace flash memory.
Final presentation on memristor
This document summarizes memristors, including:
- Memristors are a type of electrical circuit and the fourth fundamental circuit element along with resistors, capacitors, and inductors.
- Memristors relate magnetic flux and charge, and their resistance changes over time based on the amount of current that has passed through it.
- Potential benefits of memristors include using less energy, not losing information when powered off, having high data density, and combining functions of memory and storage. Memristors could enable new technologies like non-volatile memory, booting computers without storage, neural networks, and environmental monitoring devices.
Memristor!!
This document discusses memristors, a fourth fundamental circuit element predicted in 1971 and realized in 2008. Memristors are two-terminal devices whose resistance depends on the history of applied voltages. The first memristor was created at HP Labs using a thin film of titanium dioxide sandwiched between platinum electrodes. By drifting oxygen ions with an electric field, the device's resistance could be switched to represent binary data states. Memristors could replace other non-volatile memory types and even mimic neural behaviors, with potential applications in memory, programmable logic, and neuromorphic computing.
memristor
The memristor is a two-terminal electronic component theorized in 1971 as a fourth fundamental circuit element. In 2008, HP Labs created the first physical memristor using titanium dioxide. Memristors behave similarly to synapses in the brain and could be used to build artificial neural networks for applications like neuromorphic computing and non-volatile memory. Major companies and research institutions are now working to further develop memristors and explore their potential applications in the future.
Memristor
This document discusses resistive random-access memory (RRAM) as a potential replacement for flash memory. RRAM uses materials that can electrically switch between high and low resistive states, allowing for denser memory arrays. It could provide advantages over flash memory like greater density, lower power usage, higher speeds, and lower costs. RRAM works by controlling resistance changes in thin oxide films and works through a resistive switching mechanism based on the material properties. HP labs created the first working prototype of a memristor, a fundamental circuit element theorized in 1971 to work alongside the resistor, capacitor, and inductor.
Track e memristors- shahar kvatinsky
This document discusses memristors, which are circuit elements with memory and resistance that depend on the history of applied voltages or currents. It summarizes the theory behind memristive systems and practical memristor devices that have been developed, including those based on TiOx and spin-based technologies. The document outlines several potential applications of memristors, such as non-volatile memory, neuromorphic systems that mimic the brain, programmable analog circuits, and reconfigurable logic. It concludes that memristors open new opportunities for applications by combining memory and logic and notes that new design methodologies will be needed to realize these opportunities.
Mythology of the Memristor
- The document debunks several myths about memristors. It argues that the memristor is not a fundamental circuit element and that HP did not actually discover the memristor. HP's "memristor" device does not meet the strict mathematical definition.
- It also argues that memristive memory is unlikely to replace technologies like flash memory. Companies are supporting phase change memory rather than memristors for next-generation non-volatile memory.
- The document analyzes patent data and finds that companies like Samsung and Unity Semiconductor have more patents related to resistance memory technologies, while HP has none related to metal oxide memories.
Memristors
Memristors are a fourth fundamental circuit element that relates electrical charge and magnetic flux linkage. Its resistance depends on the amount and direction of charge that has previously flowed through it. Memristors were first theorized in 1971 and the first functioning memristor was built in 2008. There are two main types - molecular/ionic thin film memristors which use material properties like titanium dioxide, and spin-based memristors which use electron spin. Memristors have applications in non-volatile memory, AI, and neuromorphic computing due to advantages like non-volatility, low power usage, and ability to mimic synaptic behavior. Extensive research continues on memristors which may revolutionize computing and memory like the transistor
M memristor doc.
The document provides an overview of memristors including:
1) Leon Chua first theorized the memristor in 1971 to balance the functions of resistors, capacitors, and inductors. It was not physically realized until 2008 by HP Labs.
2) Memristors are two-terminal devices that "remember" how much current has previously flowed through them by varying their resistance. This sets them apart from other basic circuit elements.
3) HP Labs created one of the first physical memristors using a thin film of titanium dioxide sandwiched between platinum electrodes. The movement of oxygen vacancies allows the device to vary its resistance based on the history of current flowing through it.
Sushant memristor
Memristor is a passive two-terminal electrical component that relates charge and magnetic flux linkage. When current flows in one direction, resistance increases, and when it flows in the opposite direction, resistance decreases. It retains the last resistance when current is stopped. Memristor theory was formulated in 1971 and the first physical memristor device was developed in 2008 based on a thin film of titanium dioxide. Memristors are being researched for applications in computer memory and processing.
Memristor
Memristor is proposed as the fourth fundamental circuit element along with resistor, inductor and capacitor. It relates magnetic flux and charge, and its memristance can be switched to different states, giving it memory properties. Physically, a memristor can be analogous to a pipe that changes diameter based on direction of water flow, retaining its size when flow stops. Its ability to store information qualifies it as a fundamental circuit element, and it has applications as switches, non-volatile memory and more compact logic circuits.
Memristors
Theoretically, Memristors, a concatenation of “memory resistors”, are a type of passive circuit elements that maintain a relationship between the time integrals of current and voltage across a two terminal element.
The Missing Memristor
A memristor is an electrical component that limits or regulates the flow of electrical current in a circuit and remembers the amount of charge that has previously flowed through it. Memristors are important because they are non-volatile, meaning that they retain memory without power.
Memristor seminar by sachin bhoi
Memristor is the fourth fundamental circuit element that was first theorized in 1971. It is a semiconductor whose resistance varies as a function of the flux and charge that has passed through it, allowing it to "remember" the current that has flowed through it. Scientists first created a working memristor in 2008 using TiO2. Memristors have advantages over other non-volatile memory technologies as they can store data without power, are faster, smaller, and more durable. They are expected to revolutionize computing in the future by allowing boot-free computers that are more powerful and affordable.
TRACK E: Memristors: Not Just Memory/ Shahar Kvatinsky
Memristors are emerging memory technologies that could replace traditional memory and enable new applications. Memristors function as both a memory element and a resistor whose resistance is dependent on the history of applied voltages. They were first theorized in 1971 and were experimentally demonstrated in 2008. Memristors offer advantages over other memories like higher density, faster speeds, lower power consumption, and non-volatility. Beyond serving as memory, memristors can also be used for logic circuits, analog circuits, neuromorphic computing, sensors, and new computer architectures that integrate logic and memory.
Memristor
This document provides an agenda for a seminar on memristors. It begins with an introduction defining memristors as semiconductors whose resistance varies as a function of flux and current. It then covers the invention of memristic theory in 1971, properties of memristors such as retaining resistance levels, working principles showing how applied voltage shifts oxygen vacancies, benefits such as lower power consumption and compatibility with CMOS technology, and potential future applications of memristor technology.
Memristor
This document provides information about memristors, including:
- Memristors were theorized in 1971 but were not physically realized until 2008 by HP Labs using a thin film of titanium dioxide. Memristors are fundamentally different from other circuit elements because they remember the amount of current that has previously flowed through them.
- Memristors have applications in memory storage and neuromorphic computing due to their nanoscale size and ability to mimic synaptic behavior. They can be used to build high density crossbar arrays for memory.
- Manufacturing memristors is possible using existing semiconductor fabrication facilities. HP Labs used nanoimprint lithography to fabricate a crossbar array with titanium dioxide memristors at the
Memristor
for more on memristor follow link " http://knol.google.com/k/mangal-das/memristor/ct6a341p9567/14# "
Typically electronics has been defined in terms of three fundamental elements such as resistors, capacitors and inductors. These three elements are used to define the four fundamental circuit variables which are electric current, voltage, charge and magnetic flux. Resistors are used to relate current to voltage, capacitors to relate voltage to charge, and inductors to relate current to magnetic flux, but there was no element which could relate charge to magnetic flux.
To overcome this missing link, scientists came up with a new element called Memristor. These Memristor has the properties of both a memory element and a resistor (hence wisely named as Memristor). Memristor is being called as the fourth fundamental component, hence increasing the importance of its innovation.
Its innovators say “memrisrors are so significant that it would be mandatory to re-write the existing electronics engineering textbooks.”
Memristor
The memristor is summarized as follows:
1) The memristor is the fourth fundamental circuit element and was postulated by Leon Chua in 1971 to complete the interrelations between voltage, current, charge, and flux.
2) It is a two-terminal semiconductor device whose resistance depends on the charge that has previously flowed through it.
3) The first physical memristor was invented by HP labs in 2008 and works based on the drift of oxygen vacancies in titanium dioxide under an electric field which changes the device's resistance.
memristor
Memristor is a proposed fourth fundamental circuit element. It is a two-terminal passive device whose resistance depends on the amount of charge that has passed through it. In 2008, a team led by HP Labs created the first physical memristor, fulfilling the proposal made by Leon Chua in 1971. Memristors have potential applications as non-volatile memory replacements, and in artificial neural networks due to their ability to mimic synaptic behavior. Their unique properties may enable novel computing architectures in the future.
Magic memristor aided logic
MEMRISTORS ARE NEW PASSIVE FUNDAMENTAL FOURTH ELEMENT FOUND.I HAVE EXPLAINED LOGIC GATES USING MEMRISTORS ALONG WITH WORKING OF MEMRISTORS.
Memristor 2
The document summarizes the manufacturing, operation, and applications of memristors. Regarding manufacturing, memristors can be fabricated using the same methods as CMOS chips. Their operation involves applying current that causes the resistance of titanium dioxide to change, storing data as the resistance state. Applications include non-volatile memory, neuromorphic computing, and pattern matching. Challenges include improving speed and developing design standards.
Memristor
A camera holds a year's worth of photos and videos now. Storage is measured in petabytes. PCs may no longer need booting. The memristor is a new circuit element that was theorized in 1971 and first created in 2008. It is a resistor that remembers the amount of charge that flows through it. Memristors could replace other memory technologies due to benefits like non-volatility, faster speeds, and higher density. They may also enable new applications in AI, flexible displays, sensors, and more lifelike computing.
MEMRISTOR
Every person with an electronics background will be familiar with the three fundamental circuit elements - the resistor, the capacitor, and the inductor. These three elements are defined by the relation between two of the four fundamental circuit variables -
current, voltage, charge and flux.
In 1971, Leon Chua reasoned on the grounds of symmetry that there should be a fourth fundamental circuit element which gives the relationship between flux and charge. He named this circuit element the memristor, which is short for memory resistor. In May 2008, researchers at HP Labs published a paper announcing a model for the physical realization of the memristor.
It is proposed that memory storage devices that has very high data density and computers that require no time for boot up can be developed using memristor based hardware. A new physical quantity which is also introduced associated with memristor. It also solves someunexplained voltage current characteristics observed in certain materials at atomic levels.
The Missing Fundamental Element
The document discusses memristors, which were proposed in 1971 as a fourth fundamental circuit element along with resistors, capacitors, and inductors. It provides background on memristors, including how they were first theorized and then created experimentally in 2008. Memristors can "remember" the amount of charge that has previously flowed through the device. The document discusses potential applications of memristors in areas like neural networks, due to their similarity to biological synapses. It concludes that memristors may enable new technologies but their advantages over other memory technologies still need to be fully evaluated.
Memristor
The document discusses memristors, which are electrical components that 'remember' the amount of electric charge that has previously flowed through them. Memristors are expected to have applications in memory storage and neural computing due to their ability to mimic human brain functions like pattern recognition and learning. While prototypes have been developed, memristor technology still needs improvements in defect engineering and design standards before it can be commercially viable.
MEMRISTOR BY ASHOK
MEMRISTOR:-
THIS IS A FOURTH FUNDAMENTAL ELEMENT WHICH WE DON'T COME ACROSS MOSTLY IN OUR ELECTRICAL LIFE..SO THIS PPT GIVES YOU A PROPER VIEW ON MEMRISTOR...THIS IS AN ELEMENT MADE WITH A COMBINATION OF BOTH MEME
MEMRISTOR vlsi ppt
This document introduces memristors, a fourth fundamental circuit element theorized in 1971 and first realized in 2008. It provides a brief history of memristors including Leon Chua's theoretical discovery and HP Labs' creation of the first physical memristor. The document defines memristors as having a resistance that depends on the amount of charge that has previously flowed through the circuit. It describes the titanium dioxide-based memristor developed by HP Labs and provides equations for memristor resistance. Potential applications of memristors include use as switches, non-volatile memory, logical operations, and neural networks. Benefits over other technologies include faster switching, smaller size, longer life, and lower energy usage.
Take
1. Physicist Stanley Williams and his colleagues at HP Labs created one of the first physical implementations of a memristor by inserting a thin layer of titanium dioxide between two platinum layers.
2. When a positive or negative charge was applied, it pushed charged vacancies through the titanium dioxide, changing the resistance between the electrodes from high to low resistance states.
3. Memristors are a fourth fundamental circuit element that remembers the history of voltages applied through hysteresis, allowing non-volatile memory without power, unlike resistors, capacitors and inductors.
Basics of memristor
This is about Memristor, its history, its working principle, its property, its applications, advantages and disadvantages.
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M memristor doc.
The document provides an overview of memristors including:
1) Leon Chua first theorized the memristor in 1971 to balance the functions of resistors, capacitors, and inductors. It was not physically realized until 2008 by HP Labs.
2) Memristors are two-terminal devices that "remember" how much current has previously flowed through them by varying their resistance. This sets them apart from other basic circuit elements.
3) HP Labs created one of the first physical memristors using a thin film of titanium dioxide sandwiched between platinum electrodes. The movement of oxygen vacancies allows the device to vary its resistance based on the history of current flowing through it.
Sushant memristor
Memristor is a passive two-terminal electrical component that relates charge and magnetic flux linkage. When current flows in one direction, resistance increases, and when it flows in the opposite direction, resistance decreases. It retains the last resistance when current is stopped. Memristor theory was formulated in 1971 and the first physical memristor device was developed in 2008 based on a thin film of titanium dioxide. Memristors are being researched for applications in computer memory and processing.
Memristor
Memristor is proposed as the fourth fundamental circuit element along with resistor, inductor and capacitor. It relates magnetic flux and charge, and its memristance can be switched to different states, giving it memory properties. Physically, a memristor can be analogous to a pipe that changes diameter based on direction of water flow, retaining its size when flow stops. Its ability to store information qualifies it as a fundamental circuit element, and it has applications as switches, non-volatile memory and more compact logic circuits.
Memristors
Theoretically, Memristors, a concatenation of “memory resistors”, are a type of passive circuit elements that maintain a relationship between the time integrals of current and voltage across a two terminal element.
The Missing Memristor
A memristor is an electrical component that limits or regulates the flow of electrical current in a circuit and remembers the amount of charge that has previously flowed through it. Memristors are important because they are non-volatile, meaning that they retain memory without power.
Memristor seminar by sachin bhoi
Memristor is the fourth fundamental circuit element that was first theorized in 1971. It is a semiconductor whose resistance varies as a function of the flux and charge that has passed through it, allowing it to "remember" the current that has flowed through it. Scientists first created a working memristor in 2008 using TiO2. Memristors have advantages over other non-volatile memory technologies as they can store data without power, are faster, smaller, and more durable. They are expected to revolutionize computing in the future by allowing boot-free computers that are more powerful and affordable.
TRACK E: Memristors: Not Just Memory/ Shahar Kvatinsky
Memristors are emerging memory technologies that could replace traditional memory and enable new applications. Memristors function as both a memory element and a resistor whose resistance is dependent on the history of applied voltages. They were first theorized in 1971 and were experimentally demonstrated in 2008. Memristors offer advantages over other memories like higher density, faster speeds, lower power consumption, and non-volatility. Beyond serving as memory, memristors can also be used for logic circuits, analog circuits, neuromorphic computing, sensors, and new computer architectures that integrate logic and memory.
Memristor
This document provides an agenda for a seminar on memristors. It begins with an introduction defining memristors as semiconductors whose resistance varies as a function of flux and current. It then covers the invention of memristic theory in 1971, properties of memristors such as retaining resistance levels, working principles showing how applied voltage shifts oxygen vacancies, benefits such as lower power consumption and compatibility with CMOS technology, and potential future applications of memristor technology.
Memristor
This document provides information about memristors, including:
- Memristors were theorized in 1971 but were not physically realized until 2008 by HP Labs using a thin film of titanium dioxide. Memristors are fundamentally different from other circuit elements because they remember the amount of current that has previously flowed through them.
- Memristors have applications in memory storage and neuromorphic computing due to their nanoscale size and ability to mimic synaptic behavior. They can be used to build high density crossbar arrays for memory.
- Manufacturing memristors is possible using existing semiconductor fabrication facilities. HP Labs used nanoimprint lithography to fabricate a crossbar array with titanium dioxide memristors at the
Memristor
for more on memristor follow link " http://knol.google.com/k/mangal-das/memristor/ct6a341p9567/14# "
Typically electronics has been defined in terms of three fundamental elements such as resistors, capacitors and inductors. These three elements are used to define the four fundamental circuit variables which are electric current, voltage, charge and magnetic flux. Resistors are used to relate current to voltage, capacitors to relate voltage to charge, and inductors to relate current to magnetic flux, but there was no element which could relate charge to magnetic flux.
To overcome this missing link, scientists came up with a new element called Memristor. These Memristor has the properties of both a memory element and a resistor (hence wisely named as Memristor). Memristor is being called as the fourth fundamental component, hence increasing the importance of its innovation.
Its innovators say “memrisrors are so significant that it would be mandatory to re-write the existing electronics engineering textbooks.”
Memristor
The memristor is summarized as follows:
1) The memristor is the fourth fundamental circuit element and was postulated by Leon Chua in 1971 to complete the interrelations between voltage, current, charge, and flux.
2) It is a two-terminal semiconductor device whose resistance depends on the charge that has previously flowed through it.
3) The first physical memristor was invented by HP labs in 2008 and works based on the drift of oxygen vacancies in titanium dioxide under an electric field which changes the device's resistance.
memristor
Memristor is a proposed fourth fundamental circuit element. It is a two-terminal passive device whose resistance depends on the amount of charge that has passed through it. In 2008, a team led by HP Labs created the first physical memristor, fulfilling the proposal made by Leon Chua in 1971. Memristors have potential applications as non-volatile memory replacements, and in artificial neural networks due to their ability to mimic synaptic behavior. Their unique properties may enable novel computing architectures in the future.
Magic memristor aided logic
MEMRISTORS ARE NEW PASSIVE FUNDAMENTAL FOURTH ELEMENT FOUND.I HAVE EXPLAINED LOGIC GATES USING MEMRISTORS ALONG WITH WORKING OF MEMRISTORS.
Memristor 2
The document summarizes the manufacturing, operation, and applications of memristors. Regarding manufacturing, memristors can be fabricated using the same methods as CMOS chips. Their operation involves applying current that causes the resistance of titanium dioxide to change, storing data as the resistance state. Applications include non-volatile memory, neuromorphic computing, and pattern matching. Challenges include improving speed and developing design standards.
Memristor
A camera holds a year's worth of photos and videos now. Storage is measured in petabytes. PCs may no longer need booting. The memristor is a new circuit element that was theorized in 1971 and first created in 2008. It is a resistor that remembers the amount of charge that flows through it. Memristors could replace other memory technologies due to benefits like non-volatility, faster speeds, and higher density. They may also enable new applications in AI, flexible displays, sensors, and more lifelike computing.
MEMRISTOR
Every person with an electronics background will be familiar with the three fundamental circuit elements - the resistor, the capacitor, and the inductor. These three elements are defined by the relation between two of the four fundamental circuit variables -
current, voltage, charge and flux.
In 1971, Leon Chua reasoned on the grounds of symmetry that there should be a fourth fundamental circuit element which gives the relationship between flux and charge. He named this circuit element the memristor, which is short for memory resistor. In May 2008, researchers at HP Labs published a paper announcing a model for the physical realization of the memristor.
It is proposed that memory storage devices that has very high data density and computers that require no time for boot up can be developed using memristor based hardware. A new physical quantity which is also introduced associated with memristor. It also solves someunexplained voltage current characteristics observed in certain materials at atomic levels.
The Missing Fundamental Element
The document discusses memristors, which were proposed in 1971 as a fourth fundamental circuit element along with resistors, capacitors, and inductors. It provides background on memristors, including how they were first theorized and then created experimentally in 2008. Memristors can "remember" the amount of charge that has previously flowed through the device. The document discusses potential applications of memristors in areas like neural networks, due to their similarity to biological synapses. It concludes that memristors may enable new technologies but their advantages over other memory technologies still need to be fully evaluated.
Memristor
The document discusses memristors, which are electrical components that 'remember' the amount of electric charge that has previously flowed through them. Memristors are expected to have applications in memory storage and neural computing due to their ability to mimic human brain functions like pattern recognition and learning. While prototypes have been developed, memristor technology still needs improvements in defect engineering and design standards before it can be commercially viable.
MEMRISTOR BY ASHOK
MEMRISTOR:-
THIS IS A FOURTH FUNDAMENTAL ELEMENT WHICH WE DON'T COME ACROSS MOSTLY IN OUR ELECTRICAL LIFE..SO THIS PPT GIVES YOU A PROPER VIEW ON MEMRISTOR...THIS IS AN ELEMENT MADE WITH A COMBINATION OF BOTH MEME
MEMRISTOR vlsi ppt
This document introduces memristors, a fourth fundamental circuit element theorized in 1971 and first realized in 2008. It provides a brief history of memristors including Leon Chua's theoretical discovery and HP Labs' creation of the first physical memristor. The document defines memristors as having a resistance that depends on the amount of charge that has previously flowed through the circuit. It describes the titanium dioxide-based memristor developed by HP Labs and provides equations for memristor resistance. Potential applications of memristors include use as switches, non-volatile memory, logical operations, and neural networks. Benefits over other technologies include faster switching, smaller size, longer life, and lower energy usage.
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TRACK E: Memristors: Not Just Memory/ Shahar Kvatinsky
TRACK E: Memristors: Not Just Memory/ Shahar Kvatinsky
Similar to Memristor the fourth basic elememt
Take
1. Physicist Stanley Williams and his colleagues at HP Labs created one of the first physical implementations of a memristor by inserting a thin layer of titanium dioxide between two platinum layers.
2. When a positive or negative charge was applied, it pushed charged vacancies through the titanium dioxide, changing the resistance between the electrodes from high to low resistance states.
3. Memristors are a fourth fundamental circuit element that remembers the history of voltages applied through hysteresis, allowing non-volatile memory without power, unlike resistors, capacitors and inductors.
Basics of memristor
This is about Memristor, its history, its working principle, its property, its applications, advantages and disadvantages.
Memristor -The fourth fundumental circuit element
The document presents information about memristors, which are described as semiconductor devices whose resistance depends on the amount of charge that has passed through. It discusses the history of memristors, first theorized in 1971 as the fourth fundamental circuit element. The document outlines the construction and working of TiO2-based memristors, how oxygen vacancies allow the resistance to change based on applied current. Applications include non-volatile memory, neural networks, and analog computing. While promising, memristors still need improvements in defects and standardization before being perfected.
Memristor
The document discusses memristors, which were theorized in 1971 and first built in 2008. Memristors are two-terminal circuit elements that relate the charge that has passed through them to their magnetic flux. They exhibit pinched hysteresis loops and nonlinear resistance that depends on the history of current flowing through the device. The first working memristor was built by HP Labs using a thin film of titanium dioxide with regions of higher and lower oxygen content and resistance. Memristors could have applications in memory and computing due to their ability to remember resistance states in the absence of power.
"Memristor" by mahadev desai
The document discusses the memristor, a new type of circuit element. It provides an overview of what a memristor is, how it works, its properties and benefits. A memristor is a two-terminal semiconductor device that can remember the amount of charge that has passed through it. It was first proposed in 1971 and works by changing resistance based on the direction and amount of current flow. Memristors have advantages like non-volatility, high density storage and lower power consumption. They could replace transistors and enable new technologies like boot-free computers with high storage capacity. However, challenges remain around speed, design standards and heat dissipation.
Memristor
A memristor is a new fundamental circuit element discovered by Leon Chua in 1971. It is a two-terminal device that relates magnetic flux and charge, retaining its resistance even when power is removed. Memristors can be used as non-volatile memory or switches in applications like bootable computers or neural networks. The document discusses the physics, operation, and manufacturing of memristors using a TiO2-based solid state device, as well as their potential benefits like lower power usage compared to other technologies. Memristors are predicted to revolutionize computing and data storage in the 21st century similar to the impact of transistors in the 20th century.
Transistor powerpoint presentaion - Electronics powerpoint presentation - tra...
A transistor is an electronic device made of semiconductor material that can act as a conductor or insulator. It has three regions - the emitter, base, and collector. There are different types of transistors including bipolar junction transistors, field effect transistors, and metal oxide semiconductor transistors. Transistors are used as switches in many electronic devices like smartphones and computers. They allow devices to store and process information using integrated circuits. Transistors brought many advantages over previous technologies like smaller size, lower cost, and longer life.
Memristor
The memristor is the fourth fundamental circuit element along with the resistor, capacitor, and inductor. It is a two-terminal device whose resistance depends on the amount of electric charge that has previously flowed through it. Professor Leon Chua theorized the memristor in the 1970s and it was first physically realized in 2008 by researchers at HP Labs using a thin film of titanium dioxide. The memristor retains its resistance even when power is removed, making it useful for digital memory applications like flash drives. It has advantages over traditional memory like lower power consumption but also drawbacks like slower speeds compared to existing technologies.
Memristor by sandeep
This document provides an overview of memristors. It begins with a brief history, explaining that memristors were proposed in 1971 and the first was created in 2008. It then defines memristors as semiconductor devices whose resistance varies as a function of flux and current, allowing them to "remember" what has passed through the circuit. The document proceeds to explain memristor theory, construction, working, potential applications, and concludes that memristors will radically change 21st century circuit design as transistors changed the 20th century.
Spintronics technical paper
Spintronics is an emerging field that uses electron spin rather than charge to carry information. It promises devices that are much smaller, faster, and denser than conventional electronics. Spintronic devices could enable an atom-sized computer operating at light speed with memory thousands of times denser. Giant magnetoresistance is a key spintronic effect that allows read heads to detect much weaker magnetic fields, increasing data storage capacity. Electron spin qubits in spintronic devices can exist in superpositions of states, enabling massive parallelism for quantum computing.
Memristors
Memristors are a fourth fundamental circuit element along with the resistor, capacitor, and inductor. A memristor is a two-terminal device that relates magnetic flux and charge, allowing it to remember what has passed through the circuit. Its resistance varies as a function of flux and charge. Memristors could allow for quicker device boot up since information is not lost when turned off, use less energy than current memory devices, and may revolutionize computing and artificial intelligence. Major companies are researching memristors and their potential applications in memory, computing, and more.
Memristors
The memristor is a newly discovered passive circuit element that maintains a relationship between the electric charge and magnetic flux linkage. It acts as a variable resistor whose resistance depends on the amount of charge that has passed through it. Memristors can store data non-volatilely like flash memory but without requiring standby power. They have potential applications in low-power electronics, neural networks, analog computing and replacing transistors, which could dramatically change circuit design in the future as transistors did in the 20th century. The memristor was first theorized in 1971 and was experimentally realized in 2008 using a thin film of titanium dioxide.
Spintronics
Spintronics is an emerging field that uses the spin of electrons rather than their charge to create new devices. Spintronic devices could be smaller, more versatile, and robust than current silicon chips. One example is giant magnetoresistance, where changing the spin orientation of ferromagnetic layers separated by a non-magnetic layer causes large changes in electrical resistance. This effect is used in read heads for hard drives. Another example is magnetoresistive RAM (MRAM), which does not lose stored information when power is turned off. Spintronics offers advantages like lower power consumption and less heat generation than traditional electronics.
electronica automotriz.pdf
curso de electrónica automotriz, los sistemas eléctricos controlan el desarrollo correcto del vehículo
SELF-CONTROLLED WRITING AND ERASING IN A MEMORISTOR CROSSBAR MEMORY
The document summarizes the history and properties of memristors, a fourth fundamental circuit element predicted by Leon Chua in 1971. It describes how memristors work by relating the flux and charge within the device. Memristors can store charge and be used for memory applications. They have advantages over other memory technologies like flash memory by using less energy and allowing faster read/write operations. The document predicts that memristors may replace transistors and enable new technologies that can mimic brain functions through their ability to represent intermediate values between 0 and 1.
Learn about the three most widely used electronic components
The document discusses three widely used electronic components: resistors, capacitors, and inductors. Resistors are used to resist the flow of electricity and are measured in ohms. Capacitors are used to store electric energy and are measured in farads. Inductors are used to resist changes in current flow and are used to create magnetic fields. The document also provides information about an electronic component distributor called Express Technology Group.
Spintronics
This document discusses spintronics, which uses electron spin rather than charge to store and transmit information. It describes giant magnetoresistance (GMR) and how controlling electron spin can enable lower power devices like MRAM and spin transistors. These spintronic devices could combine data storage, processing and communication on a single chip. While promising faster speeds and denser integration, challenges remain in controlling spin over long distances and integrating spintronic techniques with semiconductor technology.
experiential learning of scld.pptx
The document discusses the memristor, a fourth fundamental circuit element discovered by Leon Chua in addition to the resistor, capacitor, and inductor. A memristor is a two-terminal device whose resistance depends on the amount of charge that has passed through it. It retains its resistance even when power is removed, allowing it to "remember" the last resistance level. Potential applications of memristors include non-volatile memory, neural networks, and more energy efficient computing. Experimental solid-state versions have been developed using thin films of titanium dioxide.
Memristor - The Missing Element
Memristor is considered as the 4th fundamental circuit element envisioned by famous circuit theorist Leon Chua in 1971.
This mysterious element is the missing link between electric charge and magnetic flux. The device has the peculiar property to remember the history of its past event when the supply is turned off.
11 30 kv
1. An electrical grid transports power from generation sources via transmission lines to distribution lines and customers. Power is stepped up for transmission and stepped down for distribution and customer use.
2. Key components of electrical grids include transformers, which increase or decrease voltage; insulators, which prevent current flow; circuit breakers, which interrupt current during faults; and conductors, which carry current.
3. Transformers use electromagnetic induction to transfer power between circuits without a direct connection, allowing voltage to be increased for transmission and decreased for distribution and end use.
Similar to Memristor the fourth basic elememt (20)
Transistor powerpoint presentaion - Electronics powerpoint presentation - tra...
Transistor powerpoint presentaion - Electronics powerpoint presentation - tra...
SELF-CONTROLLED WRITING AND ERASING IN A MEMORISTOR CROSSBAR MEMORY
SELF-CONTROLLED WRITING AND ERASING IN A MEMORISTOR CROSSBAR MEMORY
Learn about the three most widely used electronic components
Learn about the three most widely used electronic components
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按照学校原版(Columbia文凭证书)哥伦比亚大学毕业证快速办理
快速办理假学位证【微信:176555708】【(Columbia毕业证书)哥伦比亚大学毕业证】【微信:176555708】成绩单、外壳、offer、留信学历认证（永久存档真实可查）采用学校原版纸张、特殊工艺完全按照原版一比一制作（包括：隐形水印，阴影底纹，钢印LOGO烫金烫银，LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠，文字图案浮雕，激光镭射，紫外荧光，温感，复印防伪）行业标杆！精益求精，诚心合作，真诚制作！多年品质 ,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备，十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，业务范围有加拿大、英国、澳洲、韩国、美国、新加坡，新西兰等学历材料，包您满意。
【我们承诺采用的是学校原版纸张（纸质、底色、纹路），我们拥有全套进口原装设备，特殊工艺都是采用不同机器制作，仿真度基本可以达到100%，所有工艺效果都可提前给客户展示，不满意可以根据客户要求进行调整，直到满意为止！】
【业务选择办理准则】
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二、回国进私企、外企、自己做生意的情况，这些单位是不查询毕业证真伪的，而且国内没有渠道去查询国外文凭的真假，也不需要提供真实教育部认证。鉴于此，办理一份毕业证【微信176555708】即可
三、进国企，银行，事业单位，考公务员等等，这些单位是必需要提供真实教育部认证的，办理教育部认证所需资料众多且烦琐，所有材料您都必须提供原件，我们凭借丰富的经验，快捷的绿色通道帮您快速整合材料，让您少走弯路。
留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
留信网服务项目：
1、留学生专业人才库服务（留信分析）
2、国（境）学习人员提供就业推荐信服务
3、留学人员区块链存储服务
→ 【关于价格问题（保证一手价格）】
我们所定的价格是非常合理的，而且我们现在做得单子大多数都是代理和回头客户介绍的所以一般现在有新的单子 我给客户的都是第一手的代理价格，因为我想坦诚对待大家 不想跟大家在价格方面浪费时间
对于老客户或者被老客户介绍过来的朋友，我们都会适当给一些优惠。
选择实体注册公司办理，更放心，更安全！我们的承诺：客户在留信官方认证查询网站查询到认证通过结果后付款，不成功不收费！
一比一原版(UMich毕业证)密歇根大学|安娜堡分校毕业证如何办理
UMich硕士学位证成绩单【微信95270640】做UMich文凭、办UMich文凭、买UMich文凭Q微信95270640买办国外文凭UMich毕业证买学历咨询/代办美国毕业证成绩单文凭、办澳洲文凭毕业证、办加拿大大学毕业证文凭英国毕业证学历认证-毕业证文凭成绩单、假文凭假毕业证假学历书制作仿制、改成绩、教育部学历学位认证、毕业证、成绩单、文 凭、UMich学历文凭、UMich假学位证书、毕业证文凭、、文凭毕业证、毕业证认证、留服认证、使馆认证、使馆证明 、使馆留学回国人员证明、留学生认证、学历认证、文凭认证、学位认证
[留学文凭学历认证(留信认证使馆认证)密歇根大学|安娜堡分校毕业证成绩单毕业证证书大学Offer请假条成绩单语言证书国际回国人员证明高仿教育部认证申请学校等一切高仿或者真实可查认证服务。
多年留学服务公司,拥有海外样板无数能完美1:1还原海外各国大学degreeDiplomaTranscripts等毕业材料。海外大学毕业材料都有哪些工艺呢？工艺难度主要由：烫金.钢印.底纹.水印.防伪光标.热敏防伪等等组成。而且我们每天都在更新海外文凭的样板以求所有同学都能享受到完美的品质服务。
国外毕业证学位证成绩单办理方法：
1客户提供办理密歇根大学|安娜堡分校密歇根大学|安娜堡分校毕业证假文凭信息：姓名生日专业学位毕业时间等（如信息不确定可以咨询顾问：我们有专业老师帮你查询）；
2开始安排制作毕业证成绩单电子图；
3毕业证成绩单电子版做好以后发送给您确认；
4毕业证成绩单电子版您确认信息无误之后安排制作成品；
5成品做好拍照或者视频给您确认；
6快递给客户（国内顺丰国外DHLUPS等快读邮寄）
— — — — 我们是挂科和未毕业同学们的福音我们是实体公司精益求精的工艺！ — — — -
一真实留信认证的作用(私企外企荣誉的见证):
1：该专业认证可证明留学生真实留学身份同时对留学生所学专业等级给予评定。
2：国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书这个入网证书并且可以归档到地方。
3：凡是获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内将在公安部网内查询个人身份证信息后同步读取人才网入库信息。
4：个人职称评审加20分个人信誉贷款加10分。
5：在国家人才网主办的全国网络招聘大会中纳入资料供国家500强等高端企业选择人才。听话天天呆在小屋里除了看书写作业就是睡觉看电视屋里很黑很闷白天也得开灯开风扇山娃不想浪费电总将小方桌搁在门口看书写作业有一次山娃坐在门口写作业写着写着竟伏在桌上睡着了迷迷糊糊中山娃似乎听到了父亲的脚步声当他晃晃悠悠站起来时才诧然发现一位衣衫破旧的妇女挎着一只硕大的蛇皮袋手里拎着长铁钩正站在门口朝黑色的屋内张望不好坏人小偷山娃一怔却也灵机一动立马仰起头双手拢在嘴边朝楼上大喊：“爸爸爸——有人找——喜
Building a Raspberry Pi Robot with Dot NET 8, Blazor and SignalR
In this session delivered at NDC Oslo 2024, I talk about how you can control a 3D printed Robot Arm with a Raspberry Pi, .NET 8, Blazor and SignalR.
I also show how you can use a Unity app on an Meta Quest 3 to control the arm VR too.
You can find the GitHub repo and workshop instructions here;
https://bit.ly/dotnetrobotgithub
一比一原版(Greenwich文凭证书)格林威治大学毕业证如何办理
毕业原版【微信:176555708】【(Greenwich毕业证书)格林威治大学毕业证】【微信:176555708】成绩单、外壳、offer、留信学历认证（永久存档真实可查）采用学校原版纸张、特殊工艺完全按照原版一比一制作（包括：隐形水印，阴影底纹，钢印LOGO烫金烫银，LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠，文字图案浮雕，激光镭射，紫外荧光，温感，复印防伪）行业标杆！精益求精，诚心合作，真诚制作！多年品质 ,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备，十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，业务范围有加拿大、英国、澳洲、韩国、美国、新加坡，新西兰等学历材料，包您满意。
【我们承诺采用的是学校原版纸张（纸质、底色、纹路），我们拥有全套进口原装设备，特殊工艺都是采用不同机器制作，仿真度基本可以达到100%，所有工艺效果都可提前给客户展示，不满意可以根据客户要求进行调整，直到满意为止！】
【业务选择办理准则】
一、工作未确定，回国需先给父母、亲戚朋友看下文凭的情况，办理一份就读学校的毕业证【微信176555708】文凭即可
二、回国进私企、外企、自己做生意的情况，这些单位是不查询毕业证真伪的，而且国内没有渠道去查询国外文凭的真假，也不需要提供真实教育部认证。鉴于此，办理一份毕业证【微信176555708】即可
三、进国企，银行，事业单位，考公务员等等，这些单位是必需要提供真实教育部认证的，办理教育部认证所需资料众多且烦琐，所有材料您都必须提供原件，我们凭借丰富的经验，快捷的绿色通道帮您快速整合材料，让您少走弯路。
留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
留信网服务项目：
1、留学生专业人才库服务（留信分析）
2、国（境）学习人员提供就业推荐信服务
3、留学人员区块链存储服务
→ 【关于价格问题（保证一手价格）】
我们所定的价格是非常合理的，而且我们现在做得单子大多数都是代理和回头客户介绍的所以一般现在有新的单子 我给客户的都是第一手的代理价格，因为我想坦诚对待大家 不想跟大家在价格方面浪费时间
对于老客户或者被老客户介绍过来的朋友，我们都会适当给一些优惠。
选择实体注册公司办理，更放心，更安全！我们的承诺：客户在留信官方认证查询网站查询到认证通过结果后付款，不成功不收费！
一比一原版(IIT毕业证)伊利诺伊理工大学毕业证如何办理
IIT本科学位证成绩单【微信95270640】（伊利诺伊理工大学毕业证成绩单本科学历）Q微信95270640(补办IIT学位文凭证书)伊利诺伊理工大学留信网学历认证怎么办理伊利诺伊理工大学毕业证成绩单精仿本科学位证书硕士文凭证书认证Seneca College diplomaoffer,Transcript办理硕士学位证书造假伊利诺伊理工大学假文凭学位证书制作IIT本科毕业证书硕士学位证书精仿伊利诺伊理工大学学历认证成绩单修改制作，办理真实认证、留信认证、使馆公证、购买成绩单，购买假文凭，购买假学位证，制造假国外大学文凭、毕业公证、毕业证明书、录取通知书、Offer、在读证明、雅思托福成绩单、假文凭、假毕业证、请假条、国际驾照、网上存档可查！
办国外伊利诺伊理工大学伊利诺伊理工大学毕业证offer教育部学历学位认证留信认证大使馆认证留学回国人员证明修改成绩单信封申请学校offer录取通知书在读证明offer letter。
快速办理高仿国外毕业证成绩单：
1伊利诺伊理工大学毕业证+成绩单+留学回国人员证明+教育部学历认证（全套留学回国必备证明材料给父母及亲朋好友一份完美交代）;
2雅思成绩单托福成绩单OFFER在读证明等留学相关材料（申请学校转学甚至是申请工签都可以用到）。
3.毕业证 #成绩单等全套材料从防伪到印刷从水印到钢印烫金高精仿度跟学校原版100%相同。
专业服务请勿犹豫联系我！联系人微信号：95270640诚招代理：本公司诚聘当地代理人员如果你有业余时间有兴趣就请联系我们。
国外伊利诺伊理工大学伊利诺伊理工大学毕业证offer办理过程：
1客户提供办理信息：姓名生日专业学位毕业时间等（如信息不确定可以咨询顾问：我们有专业老师帮你查询）；
2开始安排制作毕业证成绩单电子图；
3毕业证成绩单电子版做好以后发送给您确认；
4毕业证成绩单电子版您确认信息无误之后安排制作成品；
5成品做好拍照或者视频给您确认；
6快递给客户（国内顺丰国外DHLUPS等快读邮寄）。哪里父母对我们的爱和思念为我们的生命增加了光彩给予我们自由追求的力量生活的力量我们也不忘感恩正因为这股感恩的线牵着我们使我们在一年的结束时刻义无反顾的踏上了回家的旅途人们常说父母恩最难回报愿我能以当年爸爸妈妈对待小时候的我们那样耐心温柔地对待我将渐渐老去的父母体谅他们以反哺之心奉敬父母以感恩之心孝顺父母哪怕只为父母换洗衣服为父母喂饭送汤按摩酸痛的腰背握着父母的手扶着他们一步一步地慢慢散步.让我们间
一比一原版(ANU文凭证书)澳大利亚国立大学毕业证如何办理
加急办理国外文凭【微信:176555708】【(ANU毕业证书)澳大利亚国立大学毕业证】【微信:176555708】成绩单、外壳、offer、留信学历认证（永久存档真实可查）采用学校原版纸张、特殊工艺完全按照原版一比一制作（包括：隐形水印，阴影底纹，钢印LOGO烫金烫银，LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠，文字图案浮雕，激光镭射，紫外荧光，温感，复印防伪）行业标杆！精益求精，诚心合作，真诚制作！多年品质 ,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备，十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，业务范围有加拿大、英国、澳洲、韩国、美国、新加坡，新西兰等学历材料，包您满意。
【我们承诺采用的是学校原版纸张（纸质、底色、纹路），我们拥有全套进口原装设备，特殊工艺都是采用不同机器制作，仿真度基本可以达到100%，所有工艺效果都可提前给客户展示，不满意可以根据客户要求进行调整，直到满意为止！】
【业务选择办理准则】
一、工作未确定，回国需先给父母、亲戚朋友看下文凭的情况，办理一份就读学校的毕业证【微信176555708】文凭即可
二、回国进私企、外企、自己做生意的情况，这些单位是不查询毕业证真伪的，而且国内没有渠道去查询国外文凭的真假，也不需要提供真实教育部认证。鉴于此，办理一份毕业证【微信176555708】即可
三、进国企，银行，事业单位，考公务员等等，这些单位是必需要提供真实教育部认证的，办理教育部认证所需资料众多且烦琐，所有材料您都必须提供原件，我们凭借丰富的经验，快捷的绿色通道帮您快速整合材料，让您少走弯路。
留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
留信网服务项目：
1、留学生专业人才库服务（留信分析）
2、国（境）学习人员提供就业推荐信服务
3、留学人员区块链存储服务
→ 【关于价格问题（保证一手价格）】
我们所定的价格是非常合理的，而且我们现在做得单子大多数都是代理和回头客户介绍的所以一般现在有新的单子 我给客户的都是第一手的代理价格，因为我想坦诚对待大家 不想跟大家在价格方面浪费时间
对于老客户或者被老客户介绍过来的朋友，我们都会适当给一些优惠。
选择实体注册公司办理，更放心，更安全！我们的承诺：客户在留信官方认证查询网站查询到认证通过结果后付款，不成功不收费！
按照学校原版(USD文凭证书)圣地亚哥大学毕业证快速办理
官方原版办理成绩单ps【微信:176555708】【(USD毕业证书)圣地亚哥大学毕业证】【微信:176555708】成绩单、外壳、offer、留信学历认证（永久存档真实可查）采用学校原版纸张、特殊工艺完全按照原版一比一制作（包括：隐形水印，阴影底纹，钢印LOGO烫金烫银，LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠，文字图案浮雕，激光镭射，紫外荧光，温感，复印防伪）行业标杆！精益求精，诚心合作，真诚制作！多年品质 ,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备，十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，业务范围有加拿大、英国、澳洲、韩国、美国、新加坡，新西兰等学历材料，包您满意。
【我们承诺采用的是学校原版纸张（纸质、底色、纹路），我们拥有全套进口原装设备，特殊工艺都是采用不同机器制作，仿真度基本可以达到100%，所有工艺效果都可提前给客户展示，不满意可以根据客户要求进行调整，直到满意为止！】
【业务选择办理准则】
一、工作未确定，回国需先给父母、亲戚朋友看下文凭的情况，办理一份就读学校的毕业证【微信176555708】文凭即可
二、回国进私企、外企、自己做生意的情况，这些单位是不查询毕业证真伪的，而且国内没有渠道去查询国外文凭的真假，也不需要提供真实教育部认证。鉴于此，办理一份毕业证【微信176555708】即可
三、进国企，银行，事业单位，考公务员等等，这些单位是必需要提供真实教育部认证的，办理教育部认证所需资料众多且烦琐，所有材料您都必须提供原件，我们凭借丰富的经验，快捷的绿色通道帮您快速整合材料，让您少走弯路。
留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
留信网服务项目：
1、留学生专业人才库服务（留信分析）
2、国（境）学习人员提供就业推荐信服务
3、留学人员区块链存储服务
→ 【关于价格问题（保证一手价格）】
我们所定的价格是非常合理的，而且我们现在做得单子大多数都是代理和回头客户介绍的所以一般现在有新的单子 我给客户的都是第一手的代理价格，因为我想坦诚对待大家 不想跟大家在价格方面浪费时间
对于老客户或者被老客户介绍过来的朋友，我们都会适当给一些优惠。
选择实体注册公司办理，更放心，更安全！我们的承诺：客户在留信官方认证查询网站查询到认证通过结果后付款，不成功不收费！
按照学校原版(UST文凭证书)圣托马斯大学毕业证快速办理
精仿办理本科毕业证【微信:176555708】【(UST毕业证书)圣托马斯大学毕业证】【微信:176555708】成绩单、外壳、offer、留信学历认证（永久存档真实可查）采用学校原版纸张、特殊工艺完全按照原版一比一制作（包括：隐形水印，阴影底纹，钢印LOGO烫金烫银，LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠，文字图案浮雕，激光镭射，紫外荧光，温感，复印防伪）行业标杆！精益求精，诚心合作，真诚制作！多年品质 ,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备，十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，业务范围有加拿大、英国、澳洲、韩国、美国、新加坡，新西兰等学历材料，包您满意。
【我们承诺采用的是学校原版纸张（纸质、底色、纹路），我们拥有全套进口原装设备，特殊工艺都是采用不同机器制作，仿真度基本可以达到100%，所有工艺效果都可提前给客户展示，不满意可以根据客户要求进行调整，直到满意为止！】
【业务选择办理准则】
一、工作未确定，回国需先给父母、亲戚朋友看下文凭的情况，办理一份就读学校的毕业证【微信176555708】文凭即可
二、回国进私企、外企、自己做生意的情况，这些单位是不查询毕业证真伪的，而且国内没有渠道去查询国外文凭的真假，也不需要提供真实教育部认证。鉴于此，办理一份毕业证【微信176555708】即可
三、进国企，银行，事业单位，考公务员等等，这些单位是必需要提供真实教育部认证的，办理教育部认证所需资料众多且烦琐，所有材料您都必须提供原件，我们凭借丰富的经验，快捷的绿色通道帮您快速整合材料，让您少走弯路。
留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
留信网服务项目：
1、留学生专业人才库服务（留信分析）
2、国（境）学习人员提供就业推荐信服务
3、留学人员区块链存储服务
→ 【关于价格问题（保证一手价格）】
我们所定的价格是非常合理的，而且我们现在做得单子大多数都是代理和回头客户介绍的所以一般现在有新的单子 我给客户的都是第一手的代理价格，因为我想坦诚对待大家 不想跟大家在价格方面浪费时间
对于老客户或者被老客户介绍过来的朋友，我们都会适当给一些优惠。
选择实体注册公司办理，更放心，更安全！我们的承诺：客户在留信官方认证查询网站查询到认证通过结果后付款，不成功不收费！
按照学校原版(SUT文凭证书)斯威本科技大学毕业证快速办理
退学办理电子版【微信:176555708】【(SUT毕业证书)斯威本科技大学毕业证】【微信:176555708】成绩单、外壳、offer、留信学历认证（永久存档真实可查）采用学校原版纸张、特殊工艺完全按照原版一比一制作（包括：隐形水印，阴影底纹，钢印LOGO烫金烫银，LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠，文字图案浮雕，激光镭射，紫外荧光，温感，复印防伪）行业标杆！精益求精，诚心合作，真诚制作！多年品质 ,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备，十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，业务范围有加拿大、英国、澳洲、韩国、美国、新加坡，新西兰等学历材料，包您满意。
【我们承诺采用的是学校原版纸张（纸质、底色、纹路），我们拥有全套进口原装设备，特殊工艺都是采用不同机器制作，仿真度基本可以达到100%，所有工艺效果都可提前给客户展示，不满意可以根据客户要求进行调整，直到满意为止！】
【业务选择办理准则】
一、工作未确定，回国需先给父母、亲戚朋友看下文凭的情况，办理一份就读学校的毕业证【微信176555708】文凭即可
二、回国进私企、外企、自己做生意的情况，这些单位是不查询毕业证真伪的，而且国内没有渠道去查询国外文凭的真假，也不需要提供真实教育部认证。鉴于此，办理一份毕业证【微信176555708】即可
三、进国企，银行，事业单位，考公务员等等，这些单位是必需要提供真实教育部认证的，办理教育部认证所需资料众多且烦琐，所有材料您都必须提供原件，我们凭借丰富的经验，快捷的绿色通道帮您快速整合材料，让您少走弯路。
留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
留信网服务项目：
1、留学生专业人才库服务（留信分析）
2、国（境）学习人员提供就业推荐信服务
3、留学人员区块链存储服务
→ 【关于价格问题（保证一手价格）】
我们所定的价格是非常合理的，而且我们现在做得单子大多数都是代理和回头客户介绍的所以一般现在有新的单子 我给客户的都是第一手的代理价格，因为我想坦诚对待大家 不想跟大家在价格方面浪费时间
对于老客户或者被老客户介绍过来的朋友，我们都会适当给一些优惠。
选择实体注册公司办理，更放心，更安全！我们的承诺：客户在留信官方认证查询网站查询到认证通过结果后付款，不成功不收费！
按照学校原版(Birmingham文凭证书)伯明翰大学|学院毕业证快速办理
加急购买全套证件文凭【微信:176555708】【(Birmingham毕业证书)伯明翰大学|学院毕业证】【微信:176555708】成绩单、外壳、offer、留信学历认证（永久存档真实可查）采用学校原版纸张、特殊工艺完全按照原版一比一制作（包括：隐形水印，阴影底纹，钢印LOGO烫金烫银，LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠，文字图案浮雕，激光镭射，紫外荧光，温感，复印防伪）行业标杆！精益求精，诚心合作，真诚制作！多年品质 ,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备，十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，业务范围有加拿大、英国、澳洲、韩国、美国、新加坡，新西兰等学历材料，包您满意。
【我们承诺采用的是学校原版纸张（纸质、底色、纹路），我们拥有全套进口原装设备，特殊工艺都是采用不同机器制作，仿真度基本可以达到100%，所有工艺效果都可提前给客户展示，不满意可以根据客户要求进行调整，直到满意为止！】
【业务选择办理准则】
一、工作未确定，回国需先给父母、亲戚朋友看下文凭的情况，办理一份就读学校的毕业证【微信176555708】文凭即可
二、回国进私企、外企、自己做生意的情况，这些单位是不查询毕业证真伪的，而且国内没有渠道去查询国外文凭的真假，也不需要提供真实教育部认证。鉴于此，办理一份毕业证【微信176555708】即可
三、进国企，银行，事业单位，考公务员等等，这些单位是必需要提供真实教育部认证的，办理教育部认证所需资料众多且烦琐，所有材料您都必须提供原件，我们凭借丰富的经验，快捷的绿色通道帮您快速整合材料，让您少走弯路。
留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
留信网服务项目：
1、留学生专业人才库服务（留信分析）
2、国（境）学习人员提供就业推荐信服务
3、留学人员区块链存储服务
→ 【关于价格问题（保证一手价格）】
我们所定的价格是非常合理的，而且我们现在做得单子大多数都是代理和回头客户介绍的所以一般现在有新的单子 我给客户的都是第一手的代理价格，因为我想坦诚对待大家 不想跟大家在价格方面浪费时间
对于老客户或者被老客户介绍过来的朋友，我们都会适当给一些优惠。
选择实体注册公司办理，更放心，更安全！我们的承诺：客户在留信官方认证查询网站查询到认证通过结果后付款，不成功不收费！
按照学校原版(UVic文凭证书)维多利亚大学毕业证快速办理
不能毕业办理文凭'毕业证购买'【微信:176555708】【(UVic毕业证书)维多利亚大学毕业证】【微信:176555708】成绩单、外壳、offer、留信学历认证（永久存档真实可查）采用学校原版纸张、特殊工艺完全按照原版一比一制作（包括：隐形水印，阴影底纹，钢印LOGO烫金烫银，LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠，文字图案浮雕，激光镭射，紫外荧光，温感，复印防伪）行业标杆！精益求精，诚心合作，真诚制作！多年品质 ,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备，十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，业务范围有加拿大、英国、澳洲、韩国、美国、新加坡，新西兰等学历材料，包您满意。
【我们承诺采用的是学校原版纸张（纸质、底色、纹路），我们拥有全套进口原装设备，特殊工艺都是采用不同机器制作，仿真度基本可以达到100%，所有工艺效果都可提前给客户展示，不满意可以根据客户要求进行调整，直到满意为止！】
【业务选择办理准则】
一、工作未确定，回国需先给父母、亲戚朋友看下文凭的情况，办理一份就读学校的毕业证【微信176555708】文凭即可
二、回国进私企、外企、自己做生意的情况，这些单位是不查询毕业证真伪的，而且国内没有渠道去查询国外文凭的真假，也不需要提供真实教育部认证。鉴于此，办理一份毕业证【微信176555708】即可
三、进国企，银行，事业单位，考公务员等等，这些单位是必需要提供真实教育部认证的，办理教育部认证所需资料众多且烦琐，所有材料您都必须提供原件，我们凭借丰富的经验，快捷的绿色通道帮您快速整合材料，让您少走弯路。
留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
留信网服务项目：
1、留学生专业人才库服务（留信分析）
2、国（境）学习人员提供就业推荐信服务
3、留学人员区块链存储服务
→ 【关于价格问题（保证一手价格）】
我们所定的价格是非常合理的，而且我们现在做得单子大多数都是代理和回头客户介绍的所以一般现在有新的单子 我给客户的都是第一手的代理价格，因为我想坦诚对待大家 不想跟大家在价格方面浪费时间
对于老客户或者被老客户介绍过来的朋友，我们都会适当给一些优惠。
选择实体注册公司办理，更放心，更安全！我们的承诺：客户在留信官方认证查询网站查询到认证通过结果后付款，不成功不收费！
1比1复刻澳洲皇家墨尔本理工大学毕业证本科学位原版一模一样
原版一模一样【微信：741003700 】【澳洲皇家墨尔本理工大学毕业证本科学位】【微信：741003700 】学位证，留信认证（真实可查，永久存档）offer、雅思、外壳等材料/诚信可靠,可直接看成品样本，帮您解决无法毕业带来的各种难题！外壳，原版制作，诚信可靠，可直接看成品样本。行业标杆！精益求精，诚心合作，真诚制作！多年品质 ,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备。十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，包您满意。
本公司拥有海外各大学样板无数，能完美还原海外各大学 Bachelor Diploma degree, Master Degree Diploma
1:1完美还原海外各大学毕业材料上的工艺：水印，阴影底纹，钢印LOGO烫金烫银，LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠。文字图案浮雕、激光镭射、紫外荧光、温感、复印防伪等防伪工艺。材料咨询办理、认证咨询办理请加学历顾问Q/微741003700
留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
按照学校原版(AU文凭证书)英国阿伯丁大学毕业证快速办理
出售毕业典礼【微信:176555708】【(AU毕业证书)英国阿伯丁大学毕业证】【微信:176555708】成绩单、外壳、offer、留信学历认证（永久存档真实可查）采用学校原版纸张、特殊工艺完全按照原版一比一制作（包括：隐形水印，阴影底纹，钢印LOGO烫金烫银，LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠，文字图案浮雕，激光镭射，紫外荧光，温感，复印防伪）行业标杆！精益求精，诚心合作，真诚制作！多年品质 ,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备，十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，业务范围有加拿大、英国、澳洲、韩国、美国、新加坡，新西兰等学历材料，包您满意。
【我们承诺采用的是学校原版纸张（纸质、底色、纹路），我们拥有全套进口原装设备，特殊工艺都是采用不同机器制作，仿真度基本可以达到100%，所有工艺效果都可提前给客户展示，不满意可以根据客户要求进行调整，直到满意为止！】
【业务选择办理准则】
一、工作未确定，回国需先给父母、亲戚朋友看下文凭的情况，办理一份就读学校的毕业证【微信176555708】文凭即可
二、回国进私企、外企、自己做生意的情况，这些单位是不查询毕业证真伪的，而且国内没有渠道去查询国外文凭的真假，也不需要提供真实教育部认证。鉴于此，办理一份毕业证【微信176555708】即可
三、进国企，银行，事业单位，考公务员等等，这些单位是必需要提供真实教育部认证的，办理教育部认证所需资料众多且烦琐，所有材料您都必须提供原件，我们凭借丰富的经验，快捷的绿色通道帮您快速整合材料，让您少走弯路。
留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
留信网服务项目：
1、留学生专业人才库服务（留信分析）
2、国（境）学习人员提供就业推荐信服务
3、留学人员区块链存储服务
→ 【关于价格问题（保证一手价格）】
我们所定的价格是非常合理的，而且我们现在做得单子大多数都是代理和回头客户介绍的所以一般现在有新的单子 我给客户的都是第一手的代理价格，因为我想坦诚对待大家 不想跟大家在价格方面浪费时间
对于老客户或者被老客户介绍过来的朋友，我们都会适当给一些优惠。
选择实体注册公司办理，更放心，更安全！我们的承诺：客户在留信官方认证查询网站查询到认证通过结果后付款，不成功不收费！
Why is the AIS 140 standard Mandatory in India?
The Indian government has been working over the past few years to include elements of ITS in the transport sector. This standard ensures the optimal operation of the current transport infrastructure. It also increases the efficiency, safety, comfort, and quality of the system. That is why the government created the AIS-140 standard. Compliance with this standard means all vehicles used for public transit must have panic buttons and vehicle tracking modules installed. Nevertheless, in future in the standard protocol of AIS-140 you can expect fare collection and CCTV capabilities.
Get more information here: https://blog.watsoo.com/2023/12/27/all-about-prithvi-ais-140-gps-vehicle-tracker/
一比一原版(Adelaide文凭证书)阿德莱德大学毕业证如何办理
毕业原版【微信:176555708】【(Adelaide毕业证书)阿德莱德大学毕业证】【微信:176555708】成绩单、外壳、offer、留信学历认证（永久存档真实可查）采用学校原版纸张、特殊工艺完全按照原版一比一制作（包括：隐形水印，阴影底纹，钢印LOGO烫金烫银，LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠，文字图案浮雕，激光镭射，紫外荧光，温感，复印防伪）行业标杆！精益求精，诚心合作，真诚制作！多年品质 ,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备，十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，业务范围有加拿大、英国、澳洲、韩国、美国、新加坡，新西兰等学历材料，包您满意。
【我们承诺采用的是学校原版纸张（纸质、底色、纹路），我们拥有全套进口原装设备，特殊工艺都是采用不同机器制作，仿真度基本可以达到100%，所有工艺效果都可提前给客户展示，不满意可以根据客户要求进行调整，直到满意为止！】
【业务选择办理准则】
一、工作未确定，回国需先给父母、亲戚朋友看下文凭的情况，办理一份就读学校的毕业证【微信176555708】文凭即可
二、回国进私企、外企、自己做生意的情况，这些单位是不查询毕业证真伪的，而且国内没有渠道去查询国外文凭的真假，也不需要提供真实教育部认证。鉴于此，办理一份毕业证【微信176555708】即可
三、进国企，银行，事业单位，考公务员等等，这些单位是必需要提供真实教育部认证的，办理教育部认证所需资料众多且烦琐，所有材料您都必须提供原件，我们凭借丰富的经验，快捷的绿色通道帮您快速整合材料，让您少走弯路。
留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
留信网服务项目：
1、留学生专业人才库服务（留信分析）
2、国（境）学习人员提供就业推荐信服务
3、留学人员区块链存储服务
→ 【关于价格问题（保证一手价格）】
我们所定的价格是非常合理的，而且我们现在做得单子大多数都是代理和回头客户介绍的所以一般现在有新的单子 我给客户的都是第一手的代理价格，因为我想坦诚对待大家 不想跟大家在价格方面浪费时间
对于老客户或者被老客户介绍过来的朋友，我们都会适当给一些优惠。
选择实体注册公司办理，更放心，更安全！我们的承诺：客户在留信官方认证查询网站查询到认证通过结果后付款，不成功不收费！
按照学校原版(KCL文凭证书)伦敦国王学院毕业证快速办理
咨询办理ps毕业证【微信:176555708】【(KCL毕业证书)伦敦国王学院毕业证】【微信:176555708】成绩单、外壳、offer、留信学历认证（永久存档真实可查）采用学校原版纸张、特殊工艺完全按照原版一比一制作（包括：隐形水印，阴影底纹，钢印LOGO烫金烫银，LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠，文字图案浮雕，激光镭射，紫外荧光，温感，复印防伪）行业标杆！精益求精，诚心合作，真诚制作！多年品质 ,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备，十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，业务范围有加拿大、英国、澳洲、韩国、美国、新加坡，新西兰等学历材料，包您满意。
【我们承诺采用的是学校原版纸张（纸质、底色、纹路），我们拥有全套进口原装设备，特殊工艺都是采用不同机器制作，仿真度基本可以达到100%，所有工艺效果都可提前给客户展示，不满意可以根据客户要求进行调整，直到满意为止！】
【业务选择办理准则】
一、工作未确定，回国需先给父母、亲戚朋友看下文凭的情况，办理一份就读学校的毕业证【微信176555708】文凭即可
二、回国进私企、外企、自己做生意的情况，这些单位是不查询毕业证真伪的，而且国内没有渠道去查询国外文凭的真假，也不需要提供真实教育部认证。鉴于此，办理一份毕业证【微信176555708】即可
三、进国企，银行，事业单位，考公务员等等，这些单位是必需要提供真实教育部认证的，办理教育部认证所需资料众多且烦琐，所有材料您都必须提供原件，我们凭借丰富的经验，快捷的绿色通道帮您快速整合材料，让您少走弯路。
留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
留信网服务项目：
1、留学生专业人才库服务（留信分析）
2、国（境）学习人员提供就业推荐信服务
3、留学人员区块链存储服务
→ 【关于价格问题（保证一手价格）】
我们所定的价格是非常合理的，而且我们现在做得单子大多数都是代理和回头客户介绍的所以一般现在有新的单子 我给客户的都是第一手的代理价格，因为我想坦诚对待大家 不想跟大家在价格方面浪费时间
对于老客户或者被老客户介绍过来的朋友，我们都会适当给一些优惠。
选择实体注册公司办理，更放心，更安全！我们的承诺：客户在留信官方认证查询网站查询到认证通过结果后付款，不成功不收费！
按照学校原版(UOL文凭证书)利物浦大学毕业证快速办理
一比一办理办理毕业证【微信:176555708】【(UOL毕业证书)利物浦大学毕业证】【微信:176555708】成绩单、外壳、offer、留信学历认证（永久存档真实可查）采用学校原版纸张、特殊工艺完全按照原版一比一制作（包括：隐形水印，阴影底纹，钢印LOGO烫金烫银，LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠，文字图案浮雕，激光镭射，紫外荧光，温感，复印防伪）行业标杆！精益求精，诚心合作，真诚制作！多年品质 ,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备，十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，业务范围有加拿大、英国、澳洲、韩国、美国、新加坡，新西兰等学历材料，包您满意。
【我们承诺采用的是学校原版纸张（纸质、底色、纹路），我们拥有全套进口原装设备，特殊工艺都是采用不同机器制作，仿真度基本可以达到100%，所有工艺效果都可提前给客户展示，不满意可以根据客户要求进行调整，直到满意为止！】
【业务选择办理准则】
一、工作未确定，回国需先给父母、亲戚朋友看下文凭的情况，办理一份就读学校的毕业证【微信176555708】文凭即可
二、回国进私企、外企、自己做生意的情况，这些单位是不查询毕业证真伪的，而且国内没有渠道去查询国外文凭的真假，也不需要提供真实教育部认证。鉴于此，办理一份毕业证【微信176555708】即可
三、进国企，银行，事业单位，考公务员等等，这些单位是必需要提供真实教育部认证的，办理教育部认证所需资料众多且烦琐，所有材料您都必须提供原件，我们凭借丰富的经验，快捷的绿色通道帮您快速整合材料，让您少走弯路。
留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
留信网服务项目：
1、留学生专业人才库服务（留信分析）
2、国（境）学习人员提供就业推荐信服务
3、留学人员区块链存储服务
→ 【关于价格问题（保证一手价格）】
我们所定的价格是非常合理的，而且我们现在做得单子大多数都是代理和回头客户介绍的所以一般现在有新的单子 我给客户的都是第一手的代理价格，因为我想坦诚对待大家 不想跟大家在价格方面浪费时间
对于老客户或者被老客户介绍过来的朋友，我们都会适当给一些优惠。
选择实体注册公司办理，更放心，更安全！我们的承诺：客户在留信官方认证查询网站查询到认证通过结果后付款，不成功不收费！
按照学校原版(Adelaide文凭证书)阿德莱德大学毕业证快速办理
怎样办理复制【微信:176555708】【(Adelaide毕业证书)阿德莱德大学毕业证】【微信:176555708】成绩单、外壳、offer、留信学历认证（永久存档真实可查）采用学校原版纸张、特殊工艺完全按照原版一比一制作（包括：隐形水印，阴影底纹，钢印LOGO烫金烫银，LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠，文字图案浮雕，激光镭射，紫外荧光，温感，复印防伪）行业标杆！精益求精，诚心合作，真诚制作！多年品质 ,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备，十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，业务范围有加拿大、英国、澳洲、韩国、美国、新加坡，新西兰等学历材料，包您满意。
【我们承诺采用的是学校原版纸张（纸质、底色、纹路），我们拥有全套进口原装设备，特殊工艺都是采用不同机器制作，仿真度基本可以达到100%，所有工艺效果都可提前给客户展示，不满意可以根据客户要求进行调整，直到满意为止！】
【业务选择办理准则】
一、工作未确定，回国需先给父母、亲戚朋友看下文凭的情况，办理一份就读学校的毕业证【微信176555708】文凭即可
二、回国进私企、外企、自己做生意的情况，这些单位是不查询毕业证真伪的，而且国内没有渠道去查询国外文凭的真假，也不需要提供真实教育部认证。鉴于此，办理一份毕业证【微信176555708】即可
三、进国企，银行，事业单位，考公务员等等，这些单位是必需要提供真实教育部认证的，办理教育部认证所需资料众多且烦琐，所有材料您都必须提供原件，我们凭借丰富的经验，快捷的绿色通道帮您快速整合材料，让您少走弯路。
留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
留信网服务项目：
1、留学生专业人才库服务（留信分析）
2、国（境）学习人员提供就业推荐信服务
3、留学人员区块链存储服务
→ 【关于价格问题（保证一手价格）】
我们所定的价格是非常合理的，而且我们现在做得单子大多数都是代理和回头客户介绍的所以一般现在有新的单子 我给客户的都是第一手的代理价格，因为我想坦诚对待大家 不想跟大家在价格方面浪费时间
对于老客户或者被老客户介绍过来的朋友，我们都会适当给一些优惠。
选择实体注册公司办理，更放心，更安全！我们的承诺：客户在留信官方认证查询网站查询到认证通过结果后付款，不成功不收费！
按照学校原版(Westminster文凭证书)威斯敏斯特大学毕业证快速办理
加急购买办理毕业证【微信:176555708】【(Westminster毕业证书)威斯敏斯特大学毕业证】【微信:176555708】成绩单、外壳、offer、留信学历认证（永久存档真实可查）采用学校原版纸张、特殊工艺完全按照原版一比一制作（包括：隐形水印，阴影底纹，钢印LOGO烫金烫银，LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠，文字图案浮雕，激光镭射，紫外荧光，温感，复印防伪）行业标杆！精益求精，诚心合作，真诚制作！多年品质 ,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备，十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，业务范围有加拿大、英国、澳洲、韩国、美国、新加坡，新西兰等学历材料，包您满意。
【我们承诺采用的是学校原版纸张（纸质、底色、纹路），我们拥有全套进口原装设备，特殊工艺都是采用不同机器制作，仿真度基本可以达到100%，所有工艺效果都可提前给客户展示，不满意可以根据客户要求进行调整，直到满意为止！】
【业务选择办理准则】
一、工作未确定，回国需先给父母、亲戚朋友看下文凭的情况，办理一份就读学校的毕业证【微信176555708】文凭即可
二、回国进私企、外企、自己做生意的情况，这些单位是不查询毕业证真伪的，而且国内没有渠道去查询国外文凭的真假，也不需要提供真实教育部认证。鉴于此，办理一份毕业证【微信176555708】即可
三、进国企，银行，事业单位，考公务员等等，这些单位是必需要提供真实教育部认证的，办理教育部认证所需资料众多且烦琐，所有材料您都必须提供原件，我们凭借丰富的经验，快捷的绿色通道帮您快速整合材料，让您少走弯路。
留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
留信网服务项目：
1、留学生专业人才库服务（留信分析）
2、国（境）学习人员提供就业推荐信服务
3、留学人员区块链存储服务
→ 【关于价格问题（保证一手价格）】
我们所定的价格是非常合理的，而且我们现在做得单子大多数都是代理和回头客户介绍的所以一般现在有新的单子 我给客户的都是第一手的代理价格，因为我想坦诚对待大家 不想跟大家在价格方面浪费时间
对于老客户或者被老客户介绍过来的朋友，我们都会适当给一些优惠。
选择实体注册公司办理，更放心，更安全！我们的承诺：客户在留信官方认证查询网站查询到认证通过结果后付款，不成功不收费！
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Memristor the fourth basic elememt
- 2. MEMRISTOR A Memristor is a passive non-linear two terminal electrical component considered to be the Fourth circuit element in addition to the existing circuit elements inductor, capacitor and Resistor.
- 3. MEMRISTOR DETAILS IN SHORT Memristor Type Passive Working principle Memristance Invented Leon Chua (1971) Electronic symbol
- 4. WHY THIS NAME Like a resistor, It creates and maintains a safe flow of electrical current across a device and also it can remember last charge flow through it. Memory + Resistor=Memristor It is different from a normal resistor as it can remember the last charge flow through even when the supply is turned off.
- 5. APPEARANCE OF MEMRISTOR It was first appeared in the paper “Memristor The Missing Circuit Element” in 1971 published by Leon Chua. He is a proffessor in the university of California. The First Practical model was developed by R. Stanley Williams from HP.
- 6. WORKING PRINCIPLE OF MEMRISTOR Memristance is a property of an electronic component. If charge flows in one direction through a circuit, the resistance of that component of the circuit will increase, and if charge flows in the opposite direction in the circuit, the resistance will decrease. If the flow of charge is stopped by turning off the applied voltage, the component will 'remember' the last resistance that it had, and when the flow of charge starts again the resistance of the circuit will be what it was when it was last active
- 7. WORKING OF MEMRISTOR A physical memristor conistst of two platinum electrodes and its resistance based on polarity,magnitude and length. When a voltage is applied across the two terminals, as shown above – the oxygen atoms in the material disperse towards left or right. And then, the material will become thinner or thicker depending on the polarity of the voltage, thus causing a change in the resistance. When the voltage is turned Off, the resistance remains as it did just before it switched off. This makes a memristor non volatile memory device.
- 8. A PIPE AS A MEMRISTOR Imagine you are having a pipe which diameter changes with volume of flow of water. If the volume of water flow is high, the diamter of pipe also high. If the volume of walter flows is less,the diameter of pipe also less. If the Water flow Is stopped it remins in the same diameter when it experience the last flow of water.
- 9. TYPES OF MEMRISTORS Memristors are classified into two types. They are: 1.Ionic Thin Film And Molecular Memristors 2.Magnetic and spin based Memristors Ionic Thin Film And Molecular memristors: Molecular and ionic thin film resistors depend on thin film atomic lattices that display hysteresis below charge.
- 10. IONIC THIN FILM AND MOLECULAR MEMRISTOR TYPES Titanium Dioxide Memristors. Ionic or Polymeric Memristors. Di-electric type. Resononant tunneling diode memristors. Magnatite Memristors.
- 11. MAGNETIC AND SPIN BASED MEMRISTORS AND TYPES Spin based memristors are opposite to ionic and molecule based memristor and rely on the property of degree in electron spin.In this type, polrization of electron spin is aware. Types: 1.Spintronic Memristors. 2.Spin Torque transfer memristors.
- 12. APPLICATIONS OF MEMRISTORS The main application of memristor is memory. It has Other Advantages too. Here are the areas Where memristor can be Used: 1.Computers 2.Logic Circuits 3.Digital memory
- 13. ADVANTAGES OF MEMRISTOR It requires less voltage. It generates less heat. It will not consume power when idle. It is non-volatile. It has good scalability. It is Superior To Flash memory.
- 14. DISADVANTAGES OF MEMRISTOR It is not currently commercially available now. The speed and performance was suspected. Since all the data's in computer become non volatile the reboot will not solve any problem as DRAM does.
- 15. MEMRISTOR IN COMPUTERS It has the property which cannot be duplicated by other components (Inductor,Resistor,Capacitor). Capable of replacing DRAM and Hard Drives. Quicker boot Ups. It can use any number between 0 and 1. Less Voltage consumption. Work better as it gets smaller.
- 16. TRANSISTOR REPLACEMENTS The hungry power consumption of transistor is a barrier to miniaturization and microcontroller development. It act as a crossbar latch to transistor. In future the computer size become smaller by the use Memristor.
- 17. LOGIC GATE CIRCUITS It can be used in stand alone logic gate. Can be used to do digital logic implication instead of NAND.
- 18. WHY IT IS DELAYED? There were hundred of memristors built but many of them need to be perfected. Needs to eliminate defects. It has no standard rules of designing.
- 19. Questions?
- 20. Thank You.