This document provides an agenda and information for language skills and practical English grammar courses. It introduces the instructor and covers topics like introductions, roll call, word classes including nouns, verbs, adjectives and adverbs. Students are instructed to review clause elements like subjects and verbs on their own before the first seminar. The document also includes information about course content, materials, assessments, and miscellaneous course details.
11 9-2020 sbt- how to teach english grammerSULTANAJAMIL1
Grammar is a systematic study of scientific method of which provides us information and guidance necessary to learn a language. It teaches us how a language is spoken and written correctly and effectively.
determiners for class x by Sharwan kumarShravan Sir
This document discusses different types of determiners in English including articles (a, an, the), demonstrative adjectives (this, that), possessive adjectives (my, your), quantifiers (few, many), and numerals (one, two). It explains the uses of indefinite articles a and an, the definite article the, and determiners such as some, any, each, every, few, a few, little, a little. Examples are provided to illustrate the correct usage of different determiners depending on whether the noun is singular or plural, countable or uncountable.
Punctuation marks like periods, question marks, and exclamation points are used to end sentences with different tones. Commas are used to separate parts of sentences, such as items in a list. Semicolons can connect related independent clauses or separate items in a series. Colons introduce lists or examples. Quotation marks set off direct quotes. Underlining or italics are used for titles. Slashes can show alternate terms. Ellipses, hyphens, dashes and parentheses are also used in specific contexts.
The document provides information on basic grammar structures including noun classes, types of pronouns, verbs, verbals and verbal phrases, and functions of nouns. It discusses concepts like count vs. non-count nouns, singular and plural verbs, subject-verb agreement, and participles. Examples are given to illustrate rules for verbs agreeing with compound subjects, collective nouns, and subjects joined by coordinating conjunctions. Gerunds, infinitives, and their functions are also outlined.
This document discusses the different kinds of adjectives in English grammar. There are five main types: descriptive adjectives that provide details about nouns like color or size, limiting adjectives like articles and numbers that restrict a noun's scope, demonstrative adjectives like this and that which point out specific nouns, possessive adjectives like my and your that indicate ownership, and indefinite adjectives like some and many that are used as adjectives but don't clearly define quantity. Examples are provided for each type to illustrate their usage.
This document defines and describes different types of adjectives:
1) Adjectives that describe qualities like size, color, number.
2) Adjectives that describe quantity.
3) Possessive adjectives that indicate ownership.
4) Interrogative adjectives used in questions.
5) Demonstrative adjectives that specify nouns.
It also discusses the comparison of adjectives and the typical order of adjectives in a series.
The document defines and provides examples of different types of adjectives:
- Qualitative adjectives describe qualities like beautiful, cute, or silly. Quantitative adjectives describe amounts like much or little. Demonstrative adjectives indicate which noun is being referred to using words like this or those. Possessive adjectives show ownership with words like my or their.
11 9-2020 sbt- how to teach english grammerSULTANAJAMIL1
Grammar is a systematic study of scientific method of which provides us information and guidance necessary to learn a language. It teaches us how a language is spoken and written correctly and effectively.
determiners for class x by Sharwan kumarShravan Sir
This document discusses different types of determiners in English including articles (a, an, the), demonstrative adjectives (this, that), possessive adjectives (my, your), quantifiers (few, many), and numerals (one, two). It explains the uses of indefinite articles a and an, the definite article the, and determiners such as some, any, each, every, few, a few, little, a little. Examples are provided to illustrate the correct usage of different determiners depending on whether the noun is singular or plural, countable or uncountable.
Punctuation marks like periods, question marks, and exclamation points are used to end sentences with different tones. Commas are used to separate parts of sentences, such as items in a list. Semicolons can connect related independent clauses or separate items in a series. Colons introduce lists or examples. Quotation marks set off direct quotes. Underlining or italics are used for titles. Slashes can show alternate terms. Ellipses, hyphens, dashes and parentheses are also used in specific contexts.
The document provides information on basic grammar structures including noun classes, types of pronouns, verbs, verbals and verbal phrases, and functions of nouns. It discusses concepts like count vs. non-count nouns, singular and plural verbs, subject-verb agreement, and participles. Examples are given to illustrate rules for verbs agreeing with compound subjects, collective nouns, and subjects joined by coordinating conjunctions. Gerunds, infinitives, and their functions are also outlined.
This document discusses the different kinds of adjectives in English grammar. There are five main types: descriptive adjectives that provide details about nouns like color or size, limiting adjectives like articles and numbers that restrict a noun's scope, demonstrative adjectives like this and that which point out specific nouns, possessive adjectives like my and your that indicate ownership, and indefinite adjectives like some and many that are used as adjectives but don't clearly define quantity. Examples are provided for each type to illustrate their usage.
This document defines and describes different types of adjectives:
1) Adjectives that describe qualities like size, color, number.
2) Adjectives that describe quantity.
3) Possessive adjectives that indicate ownership.
4) Interrogative adjectives used in questions.
5) Demonstrative adjectives that specify nouns.
It also discusses the comparison of adjectives and the typical order of adjectives in a series.
The document defines and provides examples of different types of adjectives:
- Qualitative adjectives describe qualities like beautiful, cute, or silly. Quantitative adjectives describe amounts like much or little. Demonstrative adjectives indicate which noun is being referred to using words like this or those. Possessive adjectives show ownership with words like my or their.
The Noun Phrase - Power up your description - Writing skillsKinga Brady
A three-part teaching material about powering up description, making writing effective with understanding the use of expanded noun phrases - some pages have timed elements and other animation; it is best to download it and watch it in slideshow mode
This document discusses the different types of adjectives in English. It defines emphasizing adjectives as words that lay stress on a proceeding noun. The most commonly used emphasizing adjectives are "very" and "own", which are used to emphasize an idea. Examples of sentences using emphasizing adjectives include "Mind your own business" and "He has written all this with his own hands."
English grammar made easy by chandra shekar pendotiChandrashekar529
This document provides an overview of English grammar topics including parts of speech, types of words, sentences, and verbs. It discusses words and defines simple and compound words. It outlines the four types of sentences as declarative, interrogative, imperative, and exclamatory. Parts of speech are defined including the eight parts of speech: noun, pronoun, verb, adjective, adverb, preposition, conjunction, and interjection. Verbs are classified into main verbs that can be transitive or intransitive, and auxiliary verbs that can be primary or modal.
This document provides a lesson on different types of adjectives including determiners, demonstrative, indefinite, possessive, interrogative, cardinal, ordinal, descriptive, attributive, and predicative adjectives. It gives examples of each type and provides exercises for students to practice identifying the type of adjective in sentences. The lesson aims to help students analyze and appreciate the use of adjectives in describing people and things to make writing more clear and vivid.
Adjectives are words that describe or modify nouns and pronouns. There are different kinds of adjectives including descriptive adjectives like "talented" and "red" that give qualities to nouns, proper adjectives derived from proper nouns like "Filipino", limiting adjectives that set numerical or article limits like "two guitars" or "the song", indefinite adjectives like "many" or "most", possessive adjectives like "my" or "his", and demonstrative adjectives like "this" or "those". Adjectives usually precede the words they modify and come in different forms to describe, identify, or quantify nouns and pronouns.
The document provides an overview of the key components of sentences, parts of speech, verbs, and tenses in English grammar. It discusses the subject, verb, and object that make up a basic sentence. It also describes the different types of verbs like action verbs, auxiliary verbs, and modal verbs. Finally, it lists and provides examples for the different types of tenses in English including simple present, past, and future tenses.
Adjectives are words that describe or modify nouns. There are different types of adjectives including descriptive, limiting, and predicate adjectives. Adjectives typically come before the nouns they modify and follow a general order based on their meaning or function. They also have comparative and superlative forms to indicate degree of comparison between people or things.
The document discusses various parts of speech including adjectives, adverbs, prepositions, and verbs. For adjectives, it describes different types of adjectives and compares their forms. It also discusses the order of adjectives in a series. For adverbs, it describes how they modify verbs, adjectives, and other adverbs. It then discusses the uses of different prepositions to indicate time, place, and other relationships. Finally, it outlines several rules for subject-verb agreement.
This document provides an overview of the past continuous tense in English. It discusses four main topics: (1) the formation of the past continuous with the verb "to be" and verb + "ing"; (2) the use of stative verbs in the past continuous; (3) spelling rules for verbs in the past continuous; and (4) affirmative and negative sentences in the past continuous. Examples are provided throughout to illustrate the concepts and vocabulary words are included with pictures at the end.
The document provides an overview of the units and topics covered in an English language course. It includes the following units and elements:
Unit 1 - Greetings, numbers, days of the week, colors, body parts, verbs, present simple and present continuous tenses.
Unit 2 - Strategies for conversation using "actually".
Unit 3 - Present simple vs present continuous, conditionals, showing surprise.
Unit 4 - Future plans using "going to" and present continuous, indirect objects, conversation strategies.
Unit 5 - Past simple, questions and answers, countable and uncountable nouns, vocabulary.
Unit 6 - Expressions of place, ability with "can"
Adjectives are used to describe and provide details about nouns. They help readers visualize and form opinions. Adjectives describe qualities like size, color, or number. They are essential for making meanings clearer. Adjectives are widely used in descriptive writing, advertising, everyday speech, crime reports, insurance claims, and flirting. They can precede or follow verbs and come in many forms like suffixes or compounds. There are different types of adjectives including descriptive, proper, quantity, order, demonstrative, possessive, interrogative, and compound adjectives.
The document outlines a literature unit plan focused on dogs. It includes fiction and nonfiction books about dogs, as well as lessons, activities, and assessments across various subjects such as language arts, math, art, science, and physical education. The unit aims to teach students about dog characteristics, research different dog breeds, and express their understanding through projects involving reading, writing, art, music, and physical movement.
The document outlines a literature unit plan focused on dogs. It includes fiction and nonfiction books about dogs, a unit plan exploring dog characteristics and needs, and cross-curricular activities involving math, art, music, science, and physical education. Assessment includes observation, writing assignments, poems, book reports, math graphs and surveys, and presentations on dog family members.
The document discusses various parts of English grammar including nouns, pronouns, adjectives, verbs, and tenses. It provides definitions and examples of different types of nouns such as common nouns, proper nouns, collective nouns, and plural nouns. It also discusses pronouns, adjectives, verbs and verb tenses including present, past and future tenses.
This document provides 30 activities for building vocabulary and engaging junior secondary students with grammar and punctuation. It discusses strategies for building vocabulary, such as activating prior knowledge, introducing new words, and fun activities. It also covers researching and teaching parts of speech, punctuation, apostrophes, verb agreement, tense, and sentence structure. For each grammar concept, it lists specific activities teachers can use, such as parts of speech taboo, road sign punctuation, and sentence structure editing. The overall document serves as a resource for teachers to develop lessons focused on vocabulary development and different grammar concepts.
Adjectives final presentation by melita katrina marlynJenny Sanchez
Adjectives are words that describe or modify nouns and pronouns. There are several types of adjectives including describing words, possessive adjectives, articles, demonstrative adjectives, indefinite adjectives, numbers, interrogative adjectives, and compound adjectives. Adjectives can be formed from nouns, verbs, other adjectives, and proper nouns. They have positive, comparative, and superlative degrees of comparison and usually follow a specific order when used together to modify a noun.
Mark learns about various English topics including prefixes, suffixes, roots, analogies, poetry, diabetes, hemoglobin A1C tests, and note taking techniques. He engages in role plays, games, videos, and group activities to help explain and understand the concepts. Mark works on developing both technical and non-technical vocabulary to improve his English skills.
The document discusses adjectives and how they are used to describe nouns or pronouns by answering questions like what kind, which one, or how many. It provides examples of adjectives being used in sentences and exercises for identifying adjectives in additional sentences. The purpose is to help readers understand what an adjective is and how to identify them.
There are six types of adjectives: descriptive, limiting, pronominal, possessive, proper, and predicate. Adjectives can also be categorized into three degrees: positive, comparative, and superlative. The positive degree expresses no comparison, comparative compares two things, and superlative compares more than two things. Adjectives modify or describe nouns and can be used to limit, show ownership, or act as a complement in a sentence.
This document discusses English grammar and its key components. It defines descriptive grammar as referring to how a language is actually used, while prescriptive grammar refers to how some think a language should be used. It outlines the value of studying grammar, including gaining a clearer understanding of language and becoming a better writer. It also discusses parts of speech like nouns, verbs, adjectives, and more. Key grammar topics covered include articles, tenses, sentence construction and the differences between descriptive and prescriptive approaches.
- Clitics are linguistic elements that are not full words but attach to other words. They cannot be stressed and do not cause the same morphological changes as prefixes or suffixes.
- In Spanish, clitic pronouns attach to the verb but do not change the stress pattern of the word. For example, "I am reading it" becomes "I'm reading it" when the clitic is added.
- The document discusses various tests and criteria for determining parts of speech based on distribution and morphology. However, it notes that some words defy strict categorization, and the distributional theory has limitations. Overall tests of contexts, affixation, and other changes help identify parts of speech but cannot account for all
This document provides an overview of the 8 parts of speech: nouns, pronouns, verbs, adjectives, adverbs, conjunctions, prepositions, and interjections. For each part of speech, it defines what it is, provides examples, and has practice identifying the part of speech in sample sentences. It focuses in more depth on nouns, pronouns, verbs, adjectives, adverbs, conjunctions, and prepositions - explaining their types and functions in more detail. The document aims to teach the parts of speech through definition, examples, and interactive practice exercises for the reader.
The Noun Phrase - Power up your description - Writing skillsKinga Brady
A three-part teaching material about powering up description, making writing effective with understanding the use of expanded noun phrases - some pages have timed elements and other animation; it is best to download it and watch it in slideshow mode
This document discusses the different types of adjectives in English. It defines emphasizing adjectives as words that lay stress on a proceeding noun. The most commonly used emphasizing adjectives are "very" and "own", which are used to emphasize an idea. Examples of sentences using emphasizing adjectives include "Mind your own business" and "He has written all this with his own hands."
English grammar made easy by chandra shekar pendotiChandrashekar529
This document provides an overview of English grammar topics including parts of speech, types of words, sentences, and verbs. It discusses words and defines simple and compound words. It outlines the four types of sentences as declarative, interrogative, imperative, and exclamatory. Parts of speech are defined including the eight parts of speech: noun, pronoun, verb, adjective, adverb, preposition, conjunction, and interjection. Verbs are classified into main verbs that can be transitive or intransitive, and auxiliary verbs that can be primary or modal.
This document provides a lesson on different types of adjectives including determiners, demonstrative, indefinite, possessive, interrogative, cardinal, ordinal, descriptive, attributive, and predicative adjectives. It gives examples of each type and provides exercises for students to practice identifying the type of adjective in sentences. The lesson aims to help students analyze and appreciate the use of adjectives in describing people and things to make writing more clear and vivid.
Adjectives are words that describe or modify nouns and pronouns. There are different kinds of adjectives including descriptive adjectives like "talented" and "red" that give qualities to nouns, proper adjectives derived from proper nouns like "Filipino", limiting adjectives that set numerical or article limits like "two guitars" or "the song", indefinite adjectives like "many" or "most", possessive adjectives like "my" or "his", and demonstrative adjectives like "this" or "those". Adjectives usually precede the words they modify and come in different forms to describe, identify, or quantify nouns and pronouns.
The document provides an overview of the key components of sentences, parts of speech, verbs, and tenses in English grammar. It discusses the subject, verb, and object that make up a basic sentence. It also describes the different types of verbs like action verbs, auxiliary verbs, and modal verbs. Finally, it lists and provides examples for the different types of tenses in English including simple present, past, and future tenses.
Adjectives are words that describe or modify nouns. There are different types of adjectives including descriptive, limiting, and predicate adjectives. Adjectives typically come before the nouns they modify and follow a general order based on their meaning or function. They also have comparative and superlative forms to indicate degree of comparison between people or things.
The document discusses various parts of speech including adjectives, adverbs, prepositions, and verbs. For adjectives, it describes different types of adjectives and compares their forms. It also discusses the order of adjectives in a series. For adverbs, it describes how they modify verbs, adjectives, and other adverbs. It then discusses the uses of different prepositions to indicate time, place, and other relationships. Finally, it outlines several rules for subject-verb agreement.
This document provides an overview of the past continuous tense in English. It discusses four main topics: (1) the formation of the past continuous with the verb "to be" and verb + "ing"; (2) the use of stative verbs in the past continuous; (3) spelling rules for verbs in the past continuous; and (4) affirmative and negative sentences in the past continuous. Examples are provided throughout to illustrate the concepts and vocabulary words are included with pictures at the end.
The document provides an overview of the units and topics covered in an English language course. It includes the following units and elements:
Unit 1 - Greetings, numbers, days of the week, colors, body parts, verbs, present simple and present continuous tenses.
Unit 2 - Strategies for conversation using "actually".
Unit 3 - Present simple vs present continuous, conditionals, showing surprise.
Unit 4 - Future plans using "going to" and present continuous, indirect objects, conversation strategies.
Unit 5 - Past simple, questions and answers, countable and uncountable nouns, vocabulary.
Unit 6 - Expressions of place, ability with "can"
Adjectives are used to describe and provide details about nouns. They help readers visualize and form opinions. Adjectives describe qualities like size, color, or number. They are essential for making meanings clearer. Adjectives are widely used in descriptive writing, advertising, everyday speech, crime reports, insurance claims, and flirting. They can precede or follow verbs and come in many forms like suffixes or compounds. There are different types of adjectives including descriptive, proper, quantity, order, demonstrative, possessive, interrogative, and compound adjectives.
The document outlines a literature unit plan focused on dogs. It includes fiction and nonfiction books about dogs, as well as lessons, activities, and assessments across various subjects such as language arts, math, art, science, and physical education. The unit aims to teach students about dog characteristics, research different dog breeds, and express their understanding through projects involving reading, writing, art, music, and physical movement.
The document outlines a literature unit plan focused on dogs. It includes fiction and nonfiction books about dogs, a unit plan exploring dog characteristics and needs, and cross-curricular activities involving math, art, music, science, and physical education. Assessment includes observation, writing assignments, poems, book reports, math graphs and surveys, and presentations on dog family members.
The document discusses various parts of English grammar including nouns, pronouns, adjectives, verbs, and tenses. It provides definitions and examples of different types of nouns such as common nouns, proper nouns, collective nouns, and plural nouns. It also discusses pronouns, adjectives, verbs and verb tenses including present, past and future tenses.
This document provides 30 activities for building vocabulary and engaging junior secondary students with grammar and punctuation. It discusses strategies for building vocabulary, such as activating prior knowledge, introducing new words, and fun activities. It also covers researching and teaching parts of speech, punctuation, apostrophes, verb agreement, tense, and sentence structure. For each grammar concept, it lists specific activities teachers can use, such as parts of speech taboo, road sign punctuation, and sentence structure editing. The overall document serves as a resource for teachers to develop lessons focused on vocabulary development and different grammar concepts.
Adjectives final presentation by melita katrina marlynJenny Sanchez
Adjectives are words that describe or modify nouns and pronouns. There are several types of adjectives including describing words, possessive adjectives, articles, demonstrative adjectives, indefinite adjectives, numbers, interrogative adjectives, and compound adjectives. Adjectives can be formed from nouns, verbs, other adjectives, and proper nouns. They have positive, comparative, and superlative degrees of comparison and usually follow a specific order when used together to modify a noun.
Mark learns about various English topics including prefixes, suffixes, roots, analogies, poetry, diabetes, hemoglobin A1C tests, and note taking techniques. He engages in role plays, games, videos, and group activities to help explain and understand the concepts. Mark works on developing both technical and non-technical vocabulary to improve his English skills.
The document discusses adjectives and how they are used to describe nouns or pronouns by answering questions like what kind, which one, or how many. It provides examples of adjectives being used in sentences and exercises for identifying adjectives in additional sentences. The purpose is to help readers understand what an adjective is and how to identify them.
There are six types of adjectives: descriptive, limiting, pronominal, possessive, proper, and predicate. Adjectives can also be categorized into three degrees: positive, comparative, and superlative. The positive degree expresses no comparison, comparative compares two things, and superlative compares more than two things. Adjectives modify or describe nouns and can be used to limit, show ownership, or act as a complement in a sentence.
This document discusses English grammar and its key components. It defines descriptive grammar as referring to how a language is actually used, while prescriptive grammar refers to how some think a language should be used. It outlines the value of studying grammar, including gaining a clearer understanding of language and becoming a better writer. It also discusses parts of speech like nouns, verbs, adjectives, and more. Key grammar topics covered include articles, tenses, sentence construction and the differences between descriptive and prescriptive approaches.
- Clitics are linguistic elements that are not full words but attach to other words. They cannot be stressed and do not cause the same morphological changes as prefixes or suffixes.
- In Spanish, clitic pronouns attach to the verb but do not change the stress pattern of the word. For example, "I am reading it" becomes "I'm reading it" when the clitic is added.
- The document discusses various tests and criteria for determining parts of speech based on distribution and morphology. However, it notes that some words defy strict categorization, and the distributional theory has limitations. Overall tests of contexts, affixation, and other changes help identify parts of speech but cannot account for all
This document provides an overview of the 8 parts of speech: nouns, pronouns, verbs, adjectives, adverbs, conjunctions, prepositions, and interjections. For each part of speech, it defines what it is, provides examples, and has practice identifying the part of speech in sample sentences. It focuses in more depth on nouns, pronouns, verbs, adjectives, adverbs, conjunctions, and prepositions - explaining their types and functions in more detail. The document aims to teach the parts of speech through definition, examples, and interactive practice exercises for the reader.
This document provides techniques for effectively learning English, including keeping a journal, reading books, rewriting class notes, watching TV/movies, keeping a vocabulary notebook, and speaking English with friends. It emphasizes taking an active approach to learning, such as guessing meanings from context while reading instead of looking up every word. A positive mindset is also important, saying "my English is improving" rather than focusing on current limitations. The goal is to make English learning fun and enjoyable.
The document discusses the different parts of speech in English language. It explains that there are eight main parts of speech: nouns, pronouns, verbs, adjectives, adverbs, conjunctions, prepositions, and interjections. For each part of speech, it provides examples and classifications. It discusses the different types of nouns like proper vs. common nouns. It also explains the different types of pronouns, verbs, adjectives, adverbs, conjunctions and other parts of speech.
The document provides an overview of the different parts of speech in English language. It discusses the eight main parts of speech - nouns, pronouns, verbs, adjectives, adverbs, conjunctions, prepositions, and interjections. For each part of speech, it describes their definition and classification with examples. It particularly focuses on nouns and their types including proper/common, countable/uncountable, abstract/concrete nouns. It also explains the different types of pronouns, adjectives, adverbs, verbs and other parts of speech.
The document provides an overview of syntax and linguistic concepts. It defines syntax as the study of sentence structure, including word order, agreement between parts of speech, and hierarchical relationships. It then covers parts of speech, including open classes like nouns, verbs, adjectives and adverbs that accept new members, and closed classes like determiners and conjunctions that do not. Next, it discusses phrases, constituents, and phrase structure rules to describe how linguistic elements are arranged in a hierarchy. It also addresses ambiguity and characteristics of phrase structure rules like generativity and recursion.
This document provides a review of parts of speech and introduces phrases, clauses, and sentences. It defines nouns, verbs, adjectives, adverbs, prepositions, conjunctions, and pronouns with examples. Phrase types - noun, verb, adjective, adverb, and prepositional phrases - are identified in sentences. Clauses are defined as groups of words that contain a subject and verb, and can be independent or dependent. Sentence types - simple, compound, complex, and compound-complex - are also defined. Exercises from textbooks and workbooks on these grammar topics are assigned for further study.
This document provides tips and techniques for learning English effectively from the Jinning Education Center. It recommends writing a daily journal, reading books, rewriting class notes, watching TV and listening to the radio, keeping a vocabulary notebook, speaking English with friends, and thinking positively. It emphasizes that learning should be an active process involving different parts of the brain through various activities like guessing meanings from context and checking definitions.
1. The document discusses the importance of reading fluency and its relationship to comprehension. It explains that reading is a complex skill involving many components including decoding, vocabulary, background knowledge, and working memory.
2. It notes that English is a deep orthography language making it more difficult to develop reading fluency compared to languages like Spanish. Several factors can contribute to reading difficulties including vision problems, working memory limitations, and the complexity of the English writing system.
3. Automatic word recognition through repeated practice is important for freeing up working memory resources for comprehension. Listening to texts can also help weaker readers understand as long as they are not struggling to decode words. Developing fluency is important for independent reading to be
This document discusses some of the morphological differences between English and Thai and difficulties that Thai learners face when learning English morphology. It notes that English is an inflectional language while Thai is isolating. Some key challenges for Thai learners include:
- Mastering English inflectional suffixes for plural nouns, possessive cases, pronouns, verb tenses.
- Understanding irregular forms and zero morphemes in English.
- Using apostrophes correctly for possessive forms.
- Comparative and superlative forms are more complex in English than Thai.
- Thai does not have inflections for number, gender, tense like English so these concepts are new for Thai learners. The document provides several
Stylistics introduction, Definitions of StylisticsAngel Ortega
This document defines stylistics and discusses its branches. Stylistics is the analysis of linguistic variation in actual language use. It examines how the same content can be expressed differently and analyzes styles across texts. Stylistics considers the natural properties of language that ensure intended effects. The document also distinguishes between spoken and written language at the phonetic, lexical, and syntactic levels, and categorizes words as common, formal, technical, and slang.
The document discusses the eight parts of speech in English language: nouns, pronouns, verbs, adjectives, adverbs, conjunctions, interjections, and prepositions. It provides definitions and examples of each part of speech. For nouns, it describes the types and classifications of nouns such as common and proper nouns, countable and uncountable nouns, singular and plural nouns. For other parts of speech, it discusses their types and functions in sentences.
The document discusses syntax and its key aspects:
1. Syntax refers to the arrangement of words in sentences and the rules governing their combinations to form grammatically correct sentences.
2. It involves analyzing the hierarchical structure of sentences by breaking them down into constituent parts such as noun phrases and verb phrases.
3. Phrase structure rules are used to represent sentences as trees to show the constituent structure and linear order of words.
Adjectives are words that describe or provide information about nouns, such as their size, shape, age, color, origin, or material. Adjectives usually precede the nouns they modify and follow a general order of number, quality, size, shape, age, color, origin, and material. When two or more adjectives modify a noun, they are usually separated by commas, except for adjectives of color which are usually separated by "and." Adjectives can also follow nouns for emphasis or in certain phrases.
The document asks the reader to write down as many facts as they know about Afghanistan or living in a Muslim nation. It prompts the reader to write a five sentence summary, look up 3 new words, and connect any challenges mentioned to their own experiences. The purpose seems to be to have the reader reflect on and summarize information about Afghanistan or Muslim-majority countries.
Learning Support English Course Chapters 1-4codybug134
This presentation was designed for a learning support class at a community college. It covers the basics like nouns, pronouns, adjectives, and adverbs.
The document discusses the main parts of speech in the English language. It defines nouns as persons, places, things or ideas that can be the subject of a sentence. Nouns can be proper, common, singular, plural, collective, countable or uncountable. Pronouns replace nouns in a sentence. Adjectives describe nouns, and adverbs modify verbs, adjectives or other adverbs. Conjunctions join words and phrases together. Verbs show actions or states of being. Prepositions join nouns to other words.
The document discusses teaching lexical items (vocabulary) to language learners. It addresses common fears teachers have about teaching lexis, including that some lexical items are culturally specific, teachers' English ability is not equal to a native speaker, and monolingual classrooms are different than multilingual ones. It promotes teaching vocabulary through exposure to language, using the teacher's book to explain vocabulary, modeling conversations, and allowing translation to help learners understand new words.
Similar to Ena121 & 131 grammar lecture 1 word classes & clause elements (20)
ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, and GDPR: Best Practices for Implementation and...PECB
Denis is a dynamic and results-driven Chief Information Officer (CIO) with a distinguished career spanning information systems analysis and technical project management. With a proven track record of spearheading the design and delivery of cutting-edge Information Management solutions, he has consistently elevated business operations, streamlined reporting functions, and maximized process efficiency.
Certified as an ISO/IEC 27001: Information Security Management Systems (ISMS) Lead Implementer, Data Protection Officer, and Cyber Risks Analyst, Denis brings a heightened focus on data security, privacy, and cyber resilience to every endeavor.
His expertise extends across a diverse spectrum of reporting, database, and web development applications, underpinned by an exceptional grasp of data storage and virtualization technologies. His proficiency in application testing, database administration, and data cleansing ensures seamless execution of complex projects.
What sets Denis apart is his comprehensive understanding of Business and Systems Analysis technologies, honed through involvement in all phases of the Software Development Lifecycle (SDLC). From meticulous requirements gathering to precise analysis, innovative design, rigorous development, thorough testing, and successful implementation, he has consistently delivered exceptional results.
Throughout his career, he has taken on multifaceted roles, from leading technical project management teams to owning solutions that drive operational excellence. His conscientious and proactive approach is unwavering, whether he is working independently or collaboratively within a team. His ability to connect with colleagues on a personal level underscores his commitment to fostering a harmonious and productive workplace environment.
Date: May 29, 2024
Tags: Information Security, ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, Artificial Intelligence, GDPR
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Ena121 & 131 grammar lecture 1 word classes & clause elements
1. Roll call & Grammar lecture 1
ENA121 Language skills
ENA131 Practical English grammar
Instructor and course coordinator
Elisabeth Wulff Sahlén
2. Agenda
• Introductions
• Course information
• Roll call
• Why Grammar?
• Word classes
• Nouns
• Verbs
• Adjectives
• Adverbs
• Clause elements
• Subject & Verb
There are more word classes and
clause elements presented in these
slides. Go through them on your
own before seminar 1.
4. Who are you?
• …has studied language at university before?
• …is a native speaker of English?
• …is an exchange student?
• …is a student on the communication program?
• …is a student on the teacher education program?
• …is a student on neither of these programs?
• …feels comfortable speaking English?
• …feels comfortable writing in English?
• …knows when to use the 3rd person singular ’s’?
• …can name three uncountable nouns?
• … feels that grammar is a little terrifying?
• …thinks that grammar is fun?
• …likes to run?
5. Course content
ENA121 Language skills
• English grammar
• Dictionaries and other language
resources
• Vocabulary & (some)
pronunciation
ENA131 Practical English grammar
• English grammar
• Teaching and learning (instructor:
Helena Darnell Berggren)
6. Course materials
Grammar (ENA121 & 131)
• Estling Vannestål, M. (2015). A university grammar of English with a
Swedish perspective. Studentlitteratur.
• Grammar compendium (Canvas)
Teaching and learning (ENA131)
• Tornberg, Ulrika. (2015). Språkdidaktik. Gleerups Utbildning.
• Additional materials provided by your instructor on Canvas (websites,
online dictionaries, articles and other resources)
7. Passing the course
ENA121 Language skills
OBN1, 1 hp (U,G)
mandatory attendance
ÖVN1, 1 hp, (U,G)
grammar quizzes
INL1, 2 hp, (U,G,VG)
written and spoken vocabulary assignments
TEN1, 3.5 hp (U,G,VG)
a written exam (grammar & pronunciation)
ENA131 Practical English grammar
OBN1, 1 hp (U,G)
mandatory attendance
ÖVN1, 1 hp, (U,G)
grammar quizzes and translation tasks
INL1, 2.5 hp, (U,G,VG)
written and spoken assignments
field study
TEN1, 3 hp (U,G,VG)
a written exam (grammar)
8. Miscellaneous information
• Canvas – our brand new LMS (Learning Management System). Accept
the invitation and log in ASAP.
• View the study guide and seminar plan on Canvas.
• Course syllabus & schedule (online)
• Previous course evaluations and changes to the courses will be
presented at your first seminars.
• ENA121: 2 seminar groups (A and B). The same groups are used in the
literature course (ENA122).
• ENA131: Ämneslärarprogrammets dag imorgon, 9.15-12.00 i
Filharmonin, Eskilstuna.
11. Quick poll – which sentence is correct?
Check all that apply!
1. Where is my scissors?
2. Eating too many cookies are bad for your health.
3. His progress have not been very good.
4. All the furniture were from the 1950s.
5. Here is the latest news.
12. Grammar – why?
• For advanced learners such as yourselves, thinking you know how to say
it is not enough. You have to know why.
avoid simple mistakes
improve your own
speech and writing
self-confidence tools for life-long
professional
development
13.
14.
15. Grammar – why?
• For advanced learners such as yourselves, thinking you know how to say
it is not enough. You have to know why.
• The rules of grammar are based on word classes and clause elements, so
we’ll start there.
• Knowing grammatical terminology will help you get the most out of your
learner dictionary.
16.
17. word classes
• Nouns
• (Lexical) verbs
• Adjectives
• Adverbs
• Auxiliary verbs
• Pronouns
• Prepositions
• Conjunctions
• Numerals
lexical/content words
function/grammar words
The distinction between lexical
and function words is important
to pronunciation.
18. Lexical words
• …are the main carriers of information.
• …express lexical content (book, run, dark).
• …belong to the following word classes
• Nouns
• Lexical (main) verbs
• Adjectives
• Adverbs
• …are open classes, i.e. new words are added all the time…
19. Function words
• …have very little lexical content and express grammatical
relations between lexical words (the, will, but, off)
• …belong to the following word classes:
pronouns, auxiliaries, prepositions, and conjunctions.
• …are closed classes, i.e. rarely accept new words.
20. lexical words vs. function words
• Identify at least 3 lexical words and 3 function words from
the text below. Share them with your neighbor.
Warrick investigates the death of a John Doe killed by a
modified automatic weapon, which goes off accidentally in
the lab.
21. • Lexical words have lexical content and convey information:
Warrick investigates the death of a John Doe killed by a
modified automatic weapon, which goes off accidentally in
the lab.
22. Function words
• Function words have little or no lexical content.
They indicate relations between lexical words, and
do not convey any information.
Warrick investigates the death of a John Doe killed by a
modified automatic weapon, which goes off accidentally in
the lab.
23. Lexical word classes
• Nouns
• Lexical (main) verbs
• Adjectives
• Adverbs
3 criteria for identifying lexical
word classes:
• meaning
• form
• function
24. Nouns...
• ...denote concrete or abstract things or people
( book, students, wish, adulthood)
• Names are called proper nouns (Grissom, Las Vegas)
• ...can be singular (gun) or plural (guns)
• ...take an article (the gun, a gun)
• Typical function: head of NP which typically functions as
subject or object in a sentence
• The best test is the definite article!
25. How can you prove that the underlined
words are nouns?
The morning had dawned clear and cold, with a crispness that hinted at
the end of summer. They set forth at daybreak to see a man beheaded,
twenty in all, and Bran rode among them, nervous with excitement.
26. Lexical verbs
•...denote actions (kick, run, kill), states (be, feel), experiences
(smell, see).
•...can show tense: present (play, plays)& past (played)
•...have infinitive forms (to play, to live)
•...can be regular (walk-walked-walked) or irregular (drink-
drank-drunk)
•…are often preceeded by one or more auxiliary verbs (has
drunk, will have been drinking)
27. Adjectives
• …denote qualities in things and people (e.g. nice, evil, green)
• Function: modify (describe) nouns (the suspect is dead, a
heavy box, the situation is serious)
• Most adjectives can occur in two positions:
- before nouns = attributive function
(a heavy box)
- after copula verbs = predicative function
(the suspect is dead, the situation is serious)
28. Adverbs
• ...express degree (totally wrong), time (yesterday), place
(here), manner (quickly), attitude (honestly), link to previous
clause (however) etc.
• …modify (describe) almost anything – except nouns!
(adverbs are in bold, below, and what they modify is
underlined)
sing beautifully
very beautifully
very beautiful
Unfortunately, I can’t sing.
30. What word class is the underlined word?
1. It’s time to pay a visit to our relatives from the north.
2. You should visit your relatives in Canada next year.
3. There is no place like home.
4. They were going to place him in command.
5. This password will permit access to the entire building.
6. You need to apply for a permit before you can go abroad to work.
7. For the past ten years, we’ve spent every summer in Italy.
8. My parents always used to summer in Paris.
9. It’s hard work digging ditches and if you want to succeed you need to work
hard.
31. Function word classes
• Auxiliaries
• Pronouns
• Prepositions
• Conjunctions
• Function words often need to
be considered in context before
you can determine their word
class.
• Terminology varies between
sources!
32. Auxiliaries (= helping verbs)
modal auxiliaries (will, can, shall, may, must, would, could,
should, might)
•are used before lexical verbs
e.g. can play, would (not) like)
•have no inflected forms (i.e. no -s, -ing, -ed)
primary auxiliaries(be, have, do)
•may be used as auxiliaries, i.e. before a lexical verb e.g. is
playing, does play
•may be used alone, i.e. as lexical verbs, e.g:
e.g. Spencer Reid has a yellow Volvo
33. Pronouns
(I,you, that, those, who, everybody…)
• …refer to nouns, can replace a noun or noun
phrase
• are used on their own or function as determiners in noun
phrases
The house that/which Jack built
The brainy kid = he
Grissom and Sara = they
34. Prepositions
(in, to, below, under, over, of…)
• may be simple or complex
• stand in front of nouns/noun phrases
above her head
about a boy
from Las Vegas
with Spencer
against all odds
to me
In spite of the rain
due to ignorance
35. Conjunctions
(and, but, or, if, while, even though…)
• Connect clauses, phrases, words
• Coordinators connect units at the same level:
Wine and cheese
Nick likes wine but Sara prefers beer.
• Subordinators introduce dependent clauses:
I didn’t do it because I like you.
Hotch kept working even though it was getting late.
36. Clause elements
Words have jobs to do
in a sentence.
Words don’t like to
work alone.
Words often team up
with other words to
form phrases.
37. clause elements = elements (units) of a
clause
1. Yoda is green.
2. Yoda fought the emperor with a lightsaaber.
3. That creature can handle a gun.
4. That green old creature has been fighting like a fearsome warrior.
38. clause elements = elements (units) of a
clause (sentence)
What are the units in these sentences?
1. (Yoda) (is ) (green).
2. (Yoda) (fought) (the emperor) (with a lightsaaber).
3. (That creature) (can handle) (a gun).
4. (That green old creature ) (has been fighting) (like a fearsome warrior).
39. Major clause elements
action =
VERB
circumstances
= ADVERBIAL
When? Why?
How? Where?
doer of action
= SUBJECT
affected by action
= OBJECT
Who? What?
Yoda fought the emperor with a lightsaber
41. The Subject (S)
• …typically occurs before the verb
• Form: NP (or a clause)
• …determines whether the VP will be singular or plural
• …often represents the ”doer” of the action or the topic.
Identify the subject in these examples:
1. A suspect bit Greg.
2. Greg was bitten by a suspect.
3. Two people have actually been bitten.
4. Being bitten is not a very pleasant experience.
42. The Subject (S)
• …typically occurs before the verb
• Form: NP (or a clause)
• …determines whether the VP will be singular or plural
• …often represents the ”doer” of the action or the topic.
Identify the subject in these examples:
1. A suspect bit Greg.
2. Greg was bitten by a suspect.
3. Two people have actually been bitten.
4. Being bitten is not a very pleasant experience.
43. The Verb (V)
• …is the central part of the clause
• Form: always a VP
• The lexical verb determines what obligatory elements will
follow.
• …often represents the main action or state
Identify the verb element in these examples:
1.A suspect bit Greg.
2.The suspect died.
3.Greg was bitten by a suspect.
4.Two people have been bitten recently.
44. The Verb (V)
• …is the central part of the clause
• Form: always a VP
• The lexical verb determines what obligatory elements will
follow.
• …often represents the main action or state
Identify the verb element in these examples:
1.A suspect bit Greg.
2.The suspect died.
3.Greg was bitten by a suspect.
4.Two people have been bitten recently.
45. Identify the subject and verb element in
these sentences!
1. Yoda died.
2. The Jedi master has died.
3. Some guys with fake IDs might be dying behind the casino.
4. Grissom stole the banana.
5. Yesterday Grissom stole the banana because he was hungry.
6. Two nights ago Grissom and his team could have solved the case.
46. Identify the subject and verb element in
these sentences!
1. Yoda died.
2. The Jedi master has died.
3. Some guys with fake IDs might be dying behind the casino.
4. Grissom stole the banana.
5. Yesterday Grissom stole the banana because he was hungry.
6. Two nights ago Grissom and his team could have solved the case.
47. The direct object (Od)
• …typically follows the verb
• Form: NP (or a clause)
• …denotes the entity affected by the verb action
Identify the direct object in these examples:
1.The suspect bit Greg.
2.Greg hurt his hand really bad.
3.Sara wrote Grissom a long letter.
What + S + V:
• What (who) did the suspect bite?
• What did Grissom hurt?
48. The indirect object (Oi)
• …typically follows the verb and precedes the direct object.
• Form: NP
• …is the recipient of the verb action
• …typically answers the question: ’to whom…? ’
1.Nick passed me a can of cold beer.
2.Sara wrote Grissom a letter.
3.Give the man a break.
4.Yoda offered Luke some food.
49. The adverbial (A)
• Meaning: time, place, manner, direction, reason etc.
• ...can occur in different places in the clause.
• Most adverbials are optional, but some are obligatory.
For example:
1.Last year, Sara went to LA because she needed a break.
2.Unfortunately, she forgot her glasses at home.
3.The astronauts put the flag on the moon.
50. The subject predicative element (SP)
• …describes the subject and follows a copular verb (e.g. be,
seem become)
1. Yoda is green.
2. Luke was incessantly whiny.
3. Yoda felt extremely old and tired.
4. Yoda became a star.
51. SV agreement – fill in the present tense form of the verb in
parentheses (from a past exam)
1. The shine on my hardwood floors ___TAKES__ a lot of abuse from the
ragged toenails of my dog. (take)
2. When Matthew is having a bad day, watching old episodes of The X-
Files always __BRIGHTENS__ his mood. (brighten)
3. Even though Joe would never hurt a fly, the police always _MAKE__ him
nervous. (make)
4. In the last few years, considerable progress in terms of the diversity of
countries represented__HAS_____ been made. (have)
52. Let’s review
• A word class is a group of words with some grammar and meaning
characteristics in common. Word classes can usually be identified in
isolation.
• For example:
• banana, gun and furniture are NOUNS because they take the definite article.
• kill, run and eat are VERBS because they have past tense forms (killed, ran, ate)
53. Let’s review
• A clause element is a part of a clause (sentence). Clause elements only
exist within the context of a clause.
• For example:
• The banana is yellow
• Yoda ate the banana.
• The green banana tastes good.
54. Let’s review
• The rules of (English) grammar are based on word classes and clause
elements.
• If you know your word classes and clause elements, you will be in a
position to understand the information in a grammar book, a learner
dictionary, and will be able to avoid common errors made by non-native
speakers.
• The most common error, and possibly the most annyoing one, is the
subject-verb agreement error, e.g:
*She are a student.
*It have been fun.
*They works here.
55.
56.
57. For seminar 1, this week
• Explore the course site on Canvas.
• Read through the study guide and seminar plan.
• Read through chapters 1-3 in UGE (the grammar book) and do the
exercises at the end of chapter 3 AND/OR Review the lecture slides and
notes.
• ENA121 Language skills: find your seminar group!
• ENA131 Practical English grammar: Do task 1 (on Canvas).