This document outlines securing underwater wireless communication networks. It discusses the necessity of underwater communication networks (UWCNs) due to limitations of wired networks underwater. It describes various attacks on UWCNs like jamming, wormhole attacks, and selective forwarding. It proposes countermeasures like spread spectrum techniques and multipath routing. The document also discusses requirements for secure UWCNs like authentication, confidentiality, and integrity. It proposes mechanisms for secure time synchronization, localization, and routing in UWCNs. Applications of UWCNs include search and rescue missions, environmental monitoring, and marine archaeology.
Vampire attacks draining life from wireless ad hoc sensor networksecway
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A SERVEY ON WIRELESS SENSOR NETWORK SECURITY ISSUES & CHALLENGESEditor IJCTER
A Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) is an evolving technology and getting significant attention due to its unlimited potential starts from domestic application to battlefield. Wireless
Sensor Networks(WSN) are a most challenging and emerging technology for the research due to
their vital scope in the field coupled with their low processing power and associated low energy.
Today wireless sensor networks are broadly used in environmental control, surveillance tasks,
monitoring, tracking and controlling etc. Sensor nodes are tiny, cheap, disposable and self-contained
battery powered computers, known as "motes”, which can accept input from an attached sensor,
process this input data and transmit the results wirelessly to the transit network. Due to the various
applications of WSN in homeland security and military, security is the major issue to be taken care
of. In this paper we discuss about The combination of these factors demands security for sensor
networks at design time to ensure operation safety, secrecy of sensitive data, and privacy for people
in sensor environments. Broadcast authentication is a critical security service in sensor networks; it
allows a sender to broadcast messages to multiple nodes in an authenticated way. µ TESLA and multi-level µTESLA have been proposed to provide such service for sensor networks.
Overview on security and privacy issues in wireless sensor networks-2014Tarek Gaber
Lecture Outlines
Why Security is Important for WSN
WSNs have many applications e.g.:
military, homeland security
assessing disaster zones
Others.
This means that such sensor networks have mission-critical tasks.
Security is crucial for such WSNs deployed in these hostile environments.
Why Security is Important for WSN
Moreover, wireless communication employed by WSN facilitates
eavesdropping and
packet injection by an adversary.
These mentioned factors require security for WSN during the design stage to ensure operation safety, secrecy of sensitive data, and privacy for people in sensor environments.
Algorithms to achieve security services
Symmetric Encryption
Asymmetric Encryption
Hash Function/Algorithm
Digital Signature
Why Security is Complex in WSN
Because of WSNs Characteristics:
Anti-jamming and physical temper proofing are impossible
greater design complexity and energy consumption
Denial-of-service (DoS) attack is difficult
Sensor node constraints
Sensor nodes are susceptible to physical capture
Deploying in hostile environment.
eavesdropping and injecting malicious message are easy
Using wireless communication
Why Security is Complex in WSN
Because of WSNs Characteristics:
maximization of security level is challenging
Resource consumption
asymmetric cryptography is often too expensive
Node constraints
centralized security solutions are big issue
no central control and constraints, e.g. small memory capacity.
Cost Issues
Overall cost of WSN should be as low as possible.
Typical Attacks to WSN
Physical Attacks
Environmental
Permanently destroy the node, e.g., crashing or stealing a node.
Attacks at the Physical Layer
Jamming: transmission of a radio signal to interfere with WSN radio frequencies.
Constant jamming: No message are able to be sent or received.
Intermittent jamming: Nodes are able to exchange messages periodically
Jamming Attack Countermeasure
Physical Attacks
Node Capture Attacks
routing functionalities
Countermeasure
tamper-proof features
Expensive solution
Self-Protection
disable device when attack detected
Attacks on Routing
Sinkhole attack
attacker tries to attract the traffic from a particular region through it
Solution:
Watchdog Nodes can start to trace the source of false routing information
Attacks on Routing
Sybil attack (Identity Spoofing)
attacker claims to have multiple identities or locations
provide wrong information for routing to launch false routing attacks
Solutions:
Misbehavior Detection.
Identity Protection
Privacy Attacks
Attempts to obtain sensitive information collected and communicated in WSNs
Eavesdropping
made easy by broadcast nature of wireless networks
Traffic analysis
used to identify sensor nodes of interest (data of interest),
WSN Privacy Issues Cont.
WSN Privacy Issues Attack
Trust and reputation in WSN
WSN Traditional Security Techniques
Cryptographic primitive
Analysis of CODBR and CEEDBR Protocols in Underwater Wireless Sensor Networksbijcicnjounal
UWSNs (underwater wireless sensor networks) are essential for doing any type of task underwater. Huge broadcast lag, great error degree, small bandwidth, and restricted energy in Underwater Sensor Networks interest concentration of utmost investigators. In UWSNs, the efficient use of energy is one of the main problems, as the substitution of energy sources in this kind of location is extremely costly. UWSNs are utilized in many fields, like measuring pollution, issuing tsunami cautions, conducting offshore surveys, and strategic tracing. For numerous functions, the efficacy and dependability of network regarding prominent operation, energy preservation, small bit error rate, and decreased interruption are fundamental. Nevertheless, UWSN’s exclusive features like small bandwidth accessibility, large interruptions in broadcast, very vivacious network topology, and extreme possibility of error present numerous problems in the growth of effective and dependable communication procedures. As opposed to current deepness-based routing techniques, we are focusing on CoDBR (Cooperative Depth-based Routing) and CEEDBR (Cooperative Energy Efficient Depth-based Routing) procedures to improve network lifespan, energy efficacy, and amount.
A SERVEY ON WIRELESS SENSOR NETWORK SECURITY ISSUES & CHALLENGESEditor IJCTER
A Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) is an evolving technology and getting significant attention due to its unlimited potential starts from domestic application to battlefield. Wireless
Sensor Networks(WSN) are a most challenging and emerging technology for the research due to
their vital scope in the field coupled with their low processing power and associated low energy.
Today wireless sensor networks are broadly used in environmental control, surveillance tasks,
monitoring, tracking and controlling etc. Sensor nodes are tiny, cheap, disposable and self-contained
battery powered computers, known as "motes”, which can accept input from an attached sensor,
process this input data and transmit the results wirelessly to the transit network. Due to the various
applications of WSN in homeland security and military, security is the major issue to be taken care
of. In this paper we discuss about The combination of these factors demands security for sensor
networks at design time to ensure operation safety, secrecy of sensitive data, and privacy for people
in sensor environments. Broadcast authentication is a critical security service in sensor networks; it
allows a sender to broadcast messages to multiple nodes in an authenticated way. µ TESLA and multi-level µTESLA have been proposed to provide such service for sensor networks.
Overview on security and privacy issues in wireless sensor networks-2014Tarek Gaber
Lecture Outlines
Why Security is Important for WSN
WSNs have many applications e.g.:
military, homeland security
assessing disaster zones
Others.
This means that such sensor networks have mission-critical tasks.
Security is crucial for such WSNs deployed in these hostile environments.
Why Security is Important for WSN
Moreover, wireless communication employed by WSN facilitates
eavesdropping and
packet injection by an adversary.
These mentioned factors require security for WSN during the design stage to ensure operation safety, secrecy of sensitive data, and privacy for people in sensor environments.
Algorithms to achieve security services
Symmetric Encryption
Asymmetric Encryption
Hash Function/Algorithm
Digital Signature
Why Security is Complex in WSN
Because of WSNs Characteristics:
Anti-jamming and physical temper proofing are impossible
greater design complexity and energy consumption
Denial-of-service (DoS) attack is difficult
Sensor node constraints
Sensor nodes are susceptible to physical capture
Deploying in hostile environment.
eavesdropping and injecting malicious message are easy
Using wireless communication
Why Security is Complex in WSN
Because of WSNs Characteristics:
maximization of security level is challenging
Resource consumption
asymmetric cryptography is often too expensive
Node constraints
centralized security solutions are big issue
no central control and constraints, e.g. small memory capacity.
Cost Issues
Overall cost of WSN should be as low as possible.
Typical Attacks to WSN
Physical Attacks
Environmental
Permanently destroy the node, e.g., crashing or stealing a node.
Attacks at the Physical Layer
Jamming: transmission of a radio signal to interfere with WSN radio frequencies.
Constant jamming: No message are able to be sent or received.
Intermittent jamming: Nodes are able to exchange messages periodically
Jamming Attack Countermeasure
Physical Attacks
Node Capture Attacks
routing functionalities
Countermeasure
tamper-proof features
Expensive solution
Self-Protection
disable device when attack detected
Attacks on Routing
Sinkhole attack
attacker tries to attract the traffic from a particular region through it
Solution:
Watchdog Nodes can start to trace the source of false routing information
Attacks on Routing
Sybil attack (Identity Spoofing)
attacker claims to have multiple identities or locations
provide wrong information for routing to launch false routing attacks
Solutions:
Misbehavior Detection.
Identity Protection
Privacy Attacks
Attempts to obtain sensitive information collected and communicated in WSNs
Eavesdropping
made easy by broadcast nature of wireless networks
Traffic analysis
used to identify sensor nodes of interest (data of interest),
WSN Privacy Issues Cont.
WSN Privacy Issues Attack
Trust and reputation in WSN
WSN Traditional Security Techniques
Cryptographic primitive
Analysis of CODBR and CEEDBR Protocols in Underwater Wireless Sensor Networksbijcicnjounal
UWSNs (underwater wireless sensor networks) are essential for doing any type of task underwater. Huge broadcast lag, great error degree, small bandwidth, and restricted energy in Underwater Sensor Networks interest concentration of utmost investigators. In UWSNs, the efficient use of energy is one of the main problems, as the substitution of energy sources in this kind of location is extremely costly. UWSNs are utilized in many fields, like measuring pollution, issuing tsunami cautions, conducting offshore surveys, and strategic tracing. For numerous functions, the efficacy and dependability of network regarding prominent operation, energy preservation, small bit error rate, and decreased interruption are fundamental. Nevertheless, UWSN’s exclusive features like small bandwidth accessibility, large interruptions in broadcast, very vivacious network topology, and extreme possibility of error present numerous problems in the growth of effective and dependable communication procedures. As opposed to current deepness-based routing techniques, we are focusing on CoDBR (Cooperative Depth-based Routing) and CEEDBR (Cooperative Energy Efficient Depth-based Routing) procedures to improve network lifespan, energy efficacy, and amount.
Analysis of CoDBR and CEEDBR protocols in underwater wireless sensor networksbijcicnjournal
Underwater wireless sensor networks (UWSNs) are essential for doing any type of task underwater. Huge broadcast lag, great error degree, small bandwidth, and restricted energy in Underwater Sensor Networks interest concentration of utmost investigators. In UWSNs, the efficient use of energy is one of the main problems, as the substitution of energy sources in this kind of location is extremely costly. UWSNs are utilized in many fields, like measuring pollution, issuing tsunami cautions, conducting offshore surveys, and strategic tracing. For numerous functions, the efficacy and dependability of network regarding prominent operation, energy preservation, small bit error rate, and decreased interruption are fundamental. Nevertheless, UWSN’s exclusive features like small bandwidth accessibility, large interruptions in broadcast, very vivacious network topology, and extreme possibility of error present numerous problems in the growth of effective and dependable communication procedures. As opposed to current deepness-based routing techniques, we are focusing on CoDBR (Cooperative Depthbased Routing) and CEEDBR (Cooperative Energy Efficient Depth-based Routing) procedures to improve network lifespan, energy efficacy, and amount.
The vampire attack is the class of Denial-of-Service attack. Denial-of-Services in the network is caused by consuming the power of the sensor node. It is also called power draining attacks because of this attack consume the power of sensor nodes and disable the network. It creates a protocol-compliant message and sends it into the network so that the energy used by the network is more than if the same message transmitted of identical size to the same destination.
Integrated Security and Attack Detection Scheme for Wireless Sensor NetworksEditor IJMTER
The wireless sensor node is a tiny device that is used to capture environment information.
Sensor devices are used to capture temperature and pressure details from the environment. The
sensor devices are used in hospitals, home and production plants. The main components of a sensor
node are microcontroller, transceiver, external memory and power source. A wireless sensor network
(WSN) is a wireless network consisting of spatially distributed autonomous devices. Sensors are
used to cooperatively monitor physical or environmental conditions. Sensor network is equipped
with a radio transceiver or other wireless communications device. The sensor networks are deployed
with consideration of sensing and transmission coverage factors.
Sensor network security protocols provide confidentiality for the messages. Object location and data
sink information are the sensitive elements in the sensor network. Two techniques are used to
provide location privacy to monitored objects. They are Source-location privacy and Sink-location
privacy. Periodic collection and Source simulation models are used in Source-location privacy
technique. Sink simulation and backbone flooding models are used in Sink-location privacy
technique. Communication cost and latency factors are consider in the privacy protection model.
Source and destination location details are protected in the privacy model.
The proposed system integrates the location privacy and data security process for the wireless sensor
network. Region based query model is used to improve location privacy. Confidentiality and
integrity techniques are used for the security process. Rivest Cipher (RC4) algorithm and Secure
Hashing Algorithms (SHA) are used for the data security.
A detection & prevention of wormhole attack in wsn project abstractvishnuRajan20
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Analysis of security threats in wireless sensor networkijwmn
Wireless Sensor Network(WSN) is an emerging technology and explored field of researchers worldwide
in the past few years, so does the need for effective security mechanisms. The sensing technology
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Securing Underwater Wireless Communication Networks.pptxkkkk
1. INDIAN INSTITUTE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY,
SHIBPUR
Electronics And Telecommunication Dept.
Dipaloke Howlader
Exam roll-110712033
SECURING UNDERWATER WIRELESS
COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
2. OUTLINE
INTRODUCTION
HISTORY
NECCESITY OF UWCNs
ATTACKS AND COUNTER MEASURES
SECURITY REQUIREMENT
PROPOSED SECURITY MECHANISM
APPLICATIONS OF UWCNs
DISADVANTAGES OF UWCNs
CONCLUSION
REFERENCES
3. INTRODUCTION
.Underwater wireless communication networks (UWCNs) are constituted
by sensors and autonomous underwater vehicles (AUVs) that interact to
perform specific applications such as underwater monitoring .
Sensors Nodes are simply nodes energy constrained devices that have
ability of sensing the surrounding environment.
Sink also known as base station, is a more powerful node that behaves
as an interface between the sensor nodes and the clients.
Autonomous Underwater Vehicles (AUVS) that interact to perform
specific applications such as underwater monitoring.
4. HISTORY
The science of underwater communication began in 1490 when
Leonardo da Vinci stated.
In 1687 , Issac Newton wrote his Mathematical Principles of Natural
Philosophy which included the first mathematical treatment of sound
of water.
5. NECESSITY OF UWCNs
Wired underwater is not feasible in all situations as shown below-
Temporary experiments
Breaking of wires
Significant cost of deployment
Experiment over long distances
Radio waves do not propagate well underwater due to high energy
absorption of water. Therefore UWCNs are based on acoustic links
characterized by large propagation delay.
It cannot rely on GPS.
6. ATTACKS AND COUNTERMEASURES
Underwater wireless communication networks are particularly vulnerable
to malicious attacks due to the high bit error rates, large and variable
propagation delays and low bandwidth of acoustic channels.
Several methods are proposed to secure UWCN . Three schemes are there
namely secure time synchronaization, localization and routing in UWCN.
8. JAMMING
Method of Attack
A jamming attack consists of interfering with the physical channel by putting
up carriers on the frequencies neighbor nodes use to communicate .
Countermeasures
Spread spectrum techniques
Sensors can switch to sleep mode
9. WORMHOLE ATTACK
Methods of Attack
• False neighbourhood relationship
are created.
• The adversary can delay or drop
packets sent through the wormhole.
Countermeasures
Estimating the direction of arrival by a
wormhole indicator variable.
10. SINKHOLE ATTACK
Methods of Attack
• A malicious node attempts to attract
traffic from a particular area towards it by
announcing that it is a high quality route.
Countermeasures
Geographical routing.
Authentication of nodes exchanging
routing information.
11. HELLO FLOOD ATTACK
Methods of Attack
• A node receiving a hello packet from a malicious node may interpret that
the adversary is a neighbor node.
Countermeasures
Bidirectional link verification.
Authentication is a possible defense.
12. SELECTIVE FORWARDING
Methods of Attack
• Malicious nodes drop certain messages instead of forwarding
them to hinder routing.
Countermeasures
Multipath routing.
Authentication.
13. Sybil Attack
Methods of Attack
• Sybil attack is defined as a malicious
node illegitimately taking on multiple
identities.
• Attacker with multiple identities
pretend to be in many places at once.
Countermeasures
Authentication.
Position verification.
14. Acknowledgement Spoofing
Methods of Attack
• A malicious node overhearing packets sent to neighbor nodes use the
information to spoof acknowledgements.
Countermeasures
Encryption of all packets sent through the networks.
15. SECURITY REQUIREMENT
Authentication :-Proof that data was sent by a legitimate user.
Confidentiality:- Information is not accessible to unauthorized
parties.
Integrity:-Information is not altered.
Availability:-Data should be available when needed by an authorized
user.
17. SECURE TIME SYNCHRONIZATION:
Why is Time Synchronization important ?
Location and proximity siblings
Maintain ordering of messages
Internetwork coordination
Energy efficiency
18. SECURE LOCALIZATION:
Why is Localization important ?
Sensor tasks .
Making routing decisions .
The attacker makes the node think it is somewhere different from actual location.As a
result wrong decisions happen.
Secure localization gives the guarantee of correctness despite of
presence of intruders.It is the process for each sensor node to locate its position in the
network.
19. SECURE ROUTING:
Why is routing important ?
A sensor routing rejects the routing paths containing malicious
nodes.
It is specially challenging in UWCNs due to the large propagation
delays,low bandwidth,difficulty of battery refills of underwater
sensors and dynamic topologies.
24. DISADVANTAGES of UWCNs
Battery power is limited and can not be recharged easily.
The available bandwidth is severely limited.
Long and variable propagation delays.
Multipath and fading problems.
High bity error rate.
25. CONCLUSION
Wireless technology will play a vital role in many application areas that
are not possible in past.
The main challenges related to secure time synchronization,localization
and routing have been surveyed.
Since the deployment of the proposed system is still in its development
stage , an account of actual implementation has not been provided in
this paper. The research issues of UWCNs remain wide open for
future investigation.
26. REFERENCES
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