Wireless communication transfers information between points without a wired connection. A transmitter sends electromagnetic waves through the air medium to a receiver. Radio propagation allows signals to travel from the transmitter in three modes: direct, ground wave, and sky wave. Multipath propagation occurs when signals reach the receiver along multiple paths, which can cause constructive or destructive interference. Fading describes signal attenuation over time due to factors like multipath delay spread, Doppler spread from mobility, rain, obstacles, and frequency. Shadowing also reduces signal strength from blockage by objects along the transmission path.

1. WIRELESS COMMUNICATION
SERIES
Introduction to Wireless
Communication &
Basic Terms

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3. …

6. Wireless Communication is
the transfer of
information or power between
two or more points that are not
connected by an electrical
conductor.

7. TRANSMITTER RECEIVER
Information in the form of EM Waves
Wireless Channel
AIR acts as the MEDIUM

8. Propagation
Modes of propagation
Multipath propagation
Fading
Shadowing
Path loss

9. Radio propagation is the tendency
of radio waves to travel,, from one
point to another, or into various parts
of the atmosphere.

10. The radiated signal from the transmitter reaches the receiver in
three different modes.
DIRECT PROPAGATION GROUND WAVE
PROPAGATION
SKY WAVE
PROPAGATION

12. Radio Waves reaching the receiver in more than one direction may
Constructive or Destructive
CONSTRUCTIVE SCENARIO DESTRUCTIVE SCENARIO

13. -
Fading in general is referred to as Gradual Loss of Certain Quality /
Parameter and merely disappears over the period of time.
Parameter : Colour & Fabric Quality
Reasons:

14. RAIN
FREQUENCY
OBSTACLES
PATH LOSS
Fading is variation of the attenuation of a signal with various variables. These variables
include time, geographical position, and radio frequency . In wireless systems, fading may
either be due to multipath propagation, weather (particularly rain)

15. FADING
SMALL SCALE
FADING
MULTIPATH
DELAY
SPREAD
FLAT FADING
FREQUENCY
SELECTIVE
FADING
DOPPLER
SPREAD
FAST FADING SLOW FADING
LARGE SCALE
FADING
PATH LOSS SHADOWING

16. Shadowing is the effect that the received signal power fluctuates due
to objects obstructing the propagation path between transmitter and
receiver.
A
B
C
D