The Structural Anatomy Of Heart

1. The Anatomy Of Heart
Muhammad Rehan Shuaib
1366

2. TOPICS
 STURCTURE OF HEART
 FUNCTION OF HEART
 HEART BEAT

3. Structure of Heart

4. Structure of Heart
 The heart is a hollow muscular organ that pumps
blood throughout the blood vessels to various
parts of the body by repeated, rhythmic
contractions.
 The vertebrate heart is principally composed of
cardiac muscle and connective tissue.
 The adult human heart has a mass of between
250 and 350 grams and is about the size of a fist.
 It is enclosed in a double-walled sac called the
pericardium.
 It is located anterior to the vertebral column and
posterior to the sternum.

5. Structure of Heart
 The outer wall of the human heart is composed of
three layers
 The outer layer is called the Epicardium.
 the middle layer is called the Myocardium and is
composed of contractile cardiac muscle.
 The inner layer is called the Endocardium.

6. Structure of Heart
 The Human Heart has four chambers,
 Two Atria ( Left and Right )
 Two Ventricles ( Left and Right )
 The Atria are the receiving chambers and the
Ventricles are the discharging chambers.
 During each Cardiac Cycle, the atria contract first,
forcing blood that has entered them into their
respective ventricles, then the ventricles contract,
forcing blood out of the heart.

7. Structure of Heart
 There are Four Valves in the Heart.
a) Tricuspid Valve
b) Bicuspid Valve
c) Pulmonary Valve
d) Aortic Valve

8. Function Of Heart
 The right atrium is the upper chamber of the right
side of the heart. The blood that is returned to the
right atrium is deoxygenated (poor in oxygen) and
passed into the right ventricle to be pumped
through the pulmonary artery to the lungs for re-oxygenation
and removal of carbon dioxide. The
left atrium receives newly oxygenated blood from
the lungs as well as the pulmonary vein which is
passed into the strong left ventricle to be pumped
through the aorta to the different organs of the
body.

10. Heart Beat
 A region of the human heart called the sinoatrial
(SA) node, or pacemaker, sets the rate and
timing at which all cardiac muscle cells contract.
 The SA node generates electrical impulses, much
like those produced by nerve cells.
 The impulses also pass to another region of
specialized cardiac muscle tissue, a relay point
called the atrioventricular node, located in the
wall between the right atrium and the right
ventricle. Here, the impulses are delayed for
about 0.1s before spreading to the walls of the
ventricle.

11. Heart Beat
 Specialized muscle fibers called Purkinje fibers
then conduct the signals to the apex of the heart
along and throughout the ventricular walls.
 In healthy adults, there are two normal heart
sounds often described as a lub and a dub (or
dup), that occur in sequence with each heartbeat.
These are the first heart sound (S1) and second
heart sound (S2), produced by the closing of the
AV valves and semilunar valves, respectively.

12. ANY
QUESTIONS
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13. THANK
YOU