SCIENCE TEST BY MIKAELA LARA
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Soil is a complex system that forms through various physical and biological processes such as weathering of rocks and organic material deposition. Soils form through mechanical and chemical breakdown of materials and come in different types including sandy, clay, and calcareous varieties. Life is linked to soil because it provides a substrate for photosynthesis, which produces oxygen necessary to support life on Earth.
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Weathering is the breaking down of rocks and materials at the Earth's surface through mechanical and chemical processes. Mechanical weathering occurs via physical processes like temperature changes, ice wedging, and abrasion without changing the chemical composition. Chemical weathering alters the chemical composition through processes like dissolution by water and acids or oxidation. The rate of weathering depends on factors like the rock composition, climate, topography, and exposure time.
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2. It provides an introduction to ecosystems, defining them as areas where living and non-living things interact, and notes that energy flows between biotic and abiotic components.
3. It summarizes the layers of the atmosphere based on chemical composition, temperature variations, and chemical reactions like the ozone cycle that occurs in the stratosphere and can be depleted by compounds like CFC
06 Chapter
The document discusses weathering, soil formation, and erosion. It describes two types of weathering - mechanical and chemical - that break down rock. Soil forms over time from weathered rock and decayed organic matter. Soil has distinct layers or horizons. Factors like climate and vegetation affect soil development and erosion risks. The document outlines various human activities and natural processes that can cause erosion, and methods to reduce erosion like contour farming, terracing, and no-till agriculture.
5 weathering and erosion
This document discusses a lecture on weathering and erosion given by Dr. Shahid Ullah. It covers the main topics of the lecture including definitions of weathering and the processes involved, physical and chemical agents that cause weathering, factors affecting the rate of weathering, the products of weathering, erosion and factors influencing erosion rates. The document provides detailed explanations and examples of various weathering and erosion concepts.
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This document discusses weathering and soil formation. It describes two types of weathering - mechanical and chemical - and their causes such as temperature changes, frost action, oxidation, and acids. Mechanical weathering breaks rocks into smaller pieces without changing their chemical composition, while chemical weathering alters the rocks' minerals. Over time, weathered rocks break down into soil. Factors like climate, rock type, and time influence soil formation, which results in distinct layers or horizons of topsoil, subsoil, and partially weathered parent material.
soil lec in college. of me 1.pptx
This document defines key concepts in soil science, including soil, weathering, fertility, productivity, organic matter, and physical properties. It explains that soil is a natural body that supports plant and animal life through physical, chemical and biological processes. The physical properties of soil like texture, structure, density and porosity influence its suitability for crop production. Organic matter improves soil properties and is a storehouse of nutrients. Proper soil management is important for maximizing productivity while maintaining fertility.
Weathering and soil formation
This document discusses weathering and soil formation. It describes two types of weathering - mechanical and chemical. Mechanical weathering breaks rocks into smaller pieces without changing their chemical composition, while chemical weathering alters the rocks' chemical makeup. Weathering occurs due to factors like temperature changes, frost action, abrasion, and acids. Over time, weathering breaks rocks down into soil. Soil provides nutrients for plants and animals and is important for life. The document also examines different types of soil like residual and transported soil and how soil composition varies by location.
Weathering and soil formation
This document discusses weathering and soil formation. It describes two types of weathering - mechanical and chemical - and their causes such as temperature changes, frost action, oxidation, and acids. Mechanical weathering breaks rocks into smaller pieces without changing their chemical composition, while chemical weathering alters the rocks' minerals. Over time, weathered rocks break down into soil. Factors like climate, rock type, and time influence soil formation, which results in distinct layers or horizons of topsoil, subsoil, and partially weathered parent material.
An introduction to soils, soil formation and terminology
This document provides an introduction to soils and soil terminology. It defines soil and discusses soil profiles, horizons, and the five factors that influence soil formation: parent material, climate, organisms, relief, and time. Soil forming processes like weathering, decomposition, humification, capillary action, leaching, and translocation are also explained. The document discusses additional soil features including color, texture, and structure.
Soil chemistry
SOIL CHEMISTRY
INTRODUCTION
Soil is a top layer of earth's surface. It is made up of broken down rock particles, rotted plant materials, water and air. It is a medium in which plant grow and derive moisture and nutrient.
Soil chemistry- is the study of various chemical nutrient present in soil and their influence on the properties of soil such as alkalinity or acidity
OR
Is the study of the soil to show its physical and chemical properties and components of the soil including biological and fertility property.
SOIL FORMATION
This is evolution of soil from parent material. The formation of the soil particle is regarded to the result from the combination of the waste products, or dead organic matter, water, and air which combines to form the soil.
These processes are continuously and take place through the action of weathering on the parental rock.
Mineral matters
These are substances which are considered to result from the weathering process.
With an exception of nitrates, all salts originate from the mineral. Nitrates originate from the humus.
Mineral matter in the soil are said to be derived from the weathering process – breaking of the rocks which form the earth's crust.
Weathering
This is the process which the parent rocks undergo disintegration (breaking) down to form the fragments or small particles. Weathering process is a combination of disintegration and synthesis (building up process).
It involves series of complex change that alter form of colour, texture, and composition of rock particles. The rock first broken down to smaller fragment and eventually into individually constituent minerals
These fragments can combine with dead organic
Introduction to Soil Science
This is an introductory soil science presentation that I give to Master Gardeners, agribusiness personnel, farmers, and soil science students. Please feel free to contact me at andykleinschmidt@gmail.com with any comments regarding the presentation.
Soil
Soil is formed by the breakdown of rocks through weathering processes like wind, water, and climate. It is composed of mineral and organic constituents in solid, liquid, and gas states. Soil contains particles of various sizes like sand, silt, and clay which give it different textures and properties that determine what types of plants can grow in each soil. Factors like temperature, precipitation, and biological activity influence soil formation and characteristics in different climate zones.
Inorganic and organic components of soil (soil composition)
This document discusses the components of soil, including both organic and inorganic components. It notes that soil is composed of organic matter, minerals, water, and air. The organic component includes plant and animal residues at various stages of decomposition into humus. The inorganic component consists of minerals like sand, silt, and clay that provide structure and retain nutrients. Water and air occupy space in the soil and are essential for plant and microbial life. Overall, the document provides a detailed overview of the key components that make up soil and their functions.
7_Soil.pptx
This document provides an introduction to soil science, describing the components and functions of soil. It discusses the interface between soil and other systems like the lithosphere, atmosphere, and hydrosphere. Key topics covered include soil formation factors like climate, organisms, and time; soil properties like texture, structure, and horizons; elementary soil components; functions of soil like supporting plant growth and water flow; and global classification systems for soils.
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An introduction to soils, soil formation and terminology
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Syllabus
Chapter-1
Introduction to objective, scope and outcome the subject
Chapter 2
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Surveying: Object Principles & Types of Surveying; Site Plans, Plans & Maps; Scales & Unit of different Measurements.
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1. Palancharmy, Basic Civil Engineering, McGraw Hill publishers.
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SCIENCE TEST BY MIKAELA LARA
- 2. What is soil? Soils are complex systems where a wide range of physical and biological processes that are reflected in the wide variety of existing soils occur on earth.
- 4. How does soil form? There are many processes that can contribute to a particular soil, some of these are: wind deposition, sedimentation in streams, weathering and deposition of organic material. In a simplified way we can say that the steps involved in the soil formation are: Mechanical disintegration of rocks. Regolíticos chemical weathering of materials released.
- 5. What types of soils are there? Sandy soils Calcareous soils Muck soil (black earth) Clay soils Stony soilshttp Mixed soils
- 6. Is the life linked to the soils? Why? Yes, because there were no photosynthesis and we did not have oxygen, and without that we can die so we have ground to live.