Earth Processes
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This document discusses various earth processes including minerals, mining, weathering, erosion and soil formation. 1) Minerals are naturally occurring inorganic solids with definite crystal structures, and examples include coal, gold, copper and limestone. Recycling and substitutes can help reduce mineral depletion. 2) Weathering is the breaking down of rocks by processes like rain and wind. Erosion is the movement of weathered materials from one place to another. 3) Human mining activities, like the "cookie mining" example, can affect the land and other organisms living there.
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This document provides information about the three main types of rocks: igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic. It describes how each type forms and gives examples. Igneous rocks form from cooling magma or lava. Sedimentary rocks form from compaction and cementation of sediments. Metamorphic rocks form from heat and pressure altering existing rocks. The document also explains key processes that change rocks, such as weathering, erosion, melting and cooling. It introduces the concept of the rock cycle to show how rocks continuously change between the three types.
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Made for April-May 2015 Agriculture Major Admission test Review. Cavite State University.
06 Chapter
The document discusses weathering, soil formation, and erosion. It describes two types of weathering - mechanical and chemical - that break down rock. Soil forms over time from weathered rock and decayed organic matter. Soil has distinct layers or horizons. Factors like climate and vegetation affect soil development and erosion risks. The document outlines various human activities and natural processes that can cause erosion, and methods to reduce erosion like contour farming, terracing, and no-till agriculture.
Story of soil by poornima nadun
The document discusses the formation of soil through weathering processes. It describes mechanical weathering which breaks down rock physically via frost wedging, pressure release, hydraulic action, salt crystal growth and thermal stress. It also describes chemical weathering which alters the molecular structure of rocks through dissolution, carbonation, hydration, hydrolysis and oxidation. The weathered rocks and minerals are broken down into clay, silt, sand and nutrients that combine with organic materials to form various soil types.
Soil for 3rd or 4th graders. (Teach)
1) Soil is formed from two main components - tiny pieces of weathered rock and humus, which is composed of decomposed dead plants and animals.
2) Rocks are weathered into smaller pieces through natural forces like water, wind, freezing and thawing. Over long periods of time, these break rocks down from boulders into soil.
3) Humus is formed as bacteria, fungi and invertebrates decompose dead organic matter through a process of rotting and decay. This decomposition of plants and animals is what creates the dark, nutrient-rich organic component of soil.
30how does using natural resources affect the environment?
Natural events like volcanoes, earthquakes, hurricanes, droughts and tsunamis can cause ecosystems to change. People can also impact ecosystems through deforestation, pollution, overpopulation, and oil spills. When ecosystems change, organisms may need to accommodate by finding new resources, some species may go extinct if unable to adapt, and conservation efforts can help sustain resources through reducing consumption, reusing materials, and recycling.
Weathering_3 PowerPoint.pptx
Mechanical and chemical weathering work together to break down rock surfaces. Mechanical weathering increases the surface area of rocks through processes like abrasion, increasing the rate of chemical weathering. The most important factors influencing the rate of weathering are the rock type and climate - wet, hot climates promote faster weathering due to increased chemical reactions.
Exogenic Processes.pptx
The document discusses exogenic processes, which are changes to the Earth's surface caused by external forces. It focuses on weathering, erosion, and deposition. Weathering breaks down rocks into smaller pieces through physical disintegration and chemical decomposition. There are two types of weathering - mechanical, which changes the size and shape of rocks without altering composition, and chemical, which involves dissolution, hydrolysis, and oxidation reactions that modify the rocks' chemistry. Erosion then transports weathered materials to other locations using agents like water, wind, and glaciers. The deposited materials eventually form new soil layers in some areas of the landscape.
Soil lab guiding questions
This comprehensive presentation is a broad unit on soil, soil formation and soil layers. The unit gives performance expectations, key vocabulary, types of weathering, soil components and types, soil composition, formation, horizons, hazards, properties, characteristics. Finally the unit covers soil nutrients and forest systems.
Can best be used at High and Junior high schools, by hobby gardeners, farmers and as a college introductory presentation or as a basic refresher. Also elementary teachers can use this to "get up to speed" on the fascinating topic of soil!
Soil Lab v4 is the final version for 2015.
Erosion, deposition, soil intro
This document discusses different types of erosion and deposition. It begins with definitions of erosion as the movement of sediment from one place to another, and deposition as dropped sediment. It then examines several specific types of erosion in more detail:
- Stream bank erosion occurs along streams and rivers due to running water and burrowing animals. Planting vegetation or using concrete mats can help control this type of erosion.
- Topsoil erosion involves the wearing away of the top layer of soil by water, wind, and gravity. Farming practices like no-till, contour plowing, and cover crops can prevent this type of erosion, which is important because topsoil contains nutrients and takes a long time to form.
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Weathering.pptx
Chemical weathering is more useful in soil formation than mechanical weathering because:
- Chemical weathering changes the minerals in rocks and causes new substances to form. This releases nutrients from the rocks that plants can use.
- Mechanical weathering only breaks rocks into smaller pieces through physical processes like temperature changes, abrasion, etc. but does not release as many nutrients.
- The new substances formed during chemical weathering like carbonic acid help dissolve more rocks and release more nutrients into the soil over time compared to mechanical weathering alone.
- Released nutrients are important for plant growth. As more plants grow, they add more organic matter to the soil through their remains. Organic matter is a key component of healthy
Weathering fill in the blank notes
This document provides an overview of weathering and erosion for geology students. It begins by listing the day's objectives of comparing and contrasting chemical and mechanical weathering and explaining what causes erosion. It then defines weathering as the breakdown of rocks by physical or chemical processes. It discusses the main causes of weathering as being water, wind, and ice. It defines the two types of weathering as physical (mechanical) and chemical weathering. For each type, it provides examples to illustrate physical weathering such as abrasion and frost action and chemical weathering such as reactions with water, acids, and air. It concludes by defining erosion as the transport of soil and sediment by forces like wind, water, and gravity and
4-Weathering-Soil-Formation-Development.pptx
Weathering, Soil Formation and Development
Weathering is the process of alteration and breakdown of soil and rock materials at and near the Earth's surface by physical, chemical and biotic processes. Types of weathering include physical, chemical and biological processes. Physical weathering occurs everywhere through exfoliation and unloading reactions. Chemical weathering reactions include dissolution, oxidation and hydrolysis. Weathering causes rocks to breakdown, and the weathered rocks are then transported downhill in the process of erosion, contributing to soil formation over long timescales and the development of fully-formed soils.
Weathering
Weathering is the breaking down of rocks into smaller pieces through mechanical or chemical processes. Mechanical weathering breaks down rocks physically through processes like ice wedging or plant root growth, while chemical weathering involves chemical breakdown through reactions with water, carbon dioxide, oxygen, or acids. Both types of weathering occur in place, while erosion is the movement of rock and sediment by agents like wind, water, ice or gravity. Erosion transports weathered material and further shapes the landscape over time.
Sedimentary Rock Classification
This document provides an overview of sedimentary rocks and the processes involved in their formation. Sedimentary rocks are formed from the deposition of materials at the Earth's surface or within bodies of water. They provide information about past environmental conditions and geological history. The key processes involved in sedimentary rock formation are weathering, erosion, transportation, deposition, and diagenesis, which is the chemical and physical changes that occur after deposition. Sedimentary rocks can be divided into clastic sediments like sandstone, chemical sediments like limestone formed by precipitation from solution, and biochemical sediments like coal formed from organic material.
5 weathering and erosion
This document discusses a lecture on weathering and erosion given by Dr. Shahid Ullah. It covers the main topics of the lecture including definitions of weathering and the processes involved, physical and chemical agents that cause weathering, factors affecting the rate of weathering, the products of weathering, erosion and factors influencing erosion rates. The document provides detailed explanations and examples of various weathering and erosion concepts.
ORIGIN OF SOIL.pptx
This document discusses the origin and formation of soil. It explains that soil is formed through the processes of degradation, transportation, and deposition of rocks and minerals. Degradation occurs through weathering processes like physical, chemical and biological weathering which break down rocks. Transportation involves the movement of eroded rock fragments by agents like wind and water. Finally, deposition results in the accumulation of sediments in lower elevations over time, which eventually form soil through pedogenesis.
Soil, how formed (teach)
Soil is formed by the weathering of rock and the decomposition of organic material by soil organisms. It is composed of minerals from broken down rock, organic matter from dead plants and animals, air, and water. The solid components are classified by particle size as sand, silt, or clay. Humus, or organic matter, is formed through the decay of dead plant and animal matter by decomposers like bacteria, fungi, earthworms, and other invertebrates. Together, these components support plant growth and life in the soil.
Weathering and erosion by ahmed bin khalil
This document discusses weathering and erosion. It defines weathering as the breakdown and decomposition of rocks near the Earth's surface. Weathering occurs through various processes including expansion/contraction from temperature changes, freezing and thawing of water in cracks, and chemical breakdown. Erosion is defined as the removal and transport of weathered materials. The key influences on weathering are temperature, rainfall, and biological factors like plant and animal activity. Weathering and erosion can have both positive impacts through soil formation and raw materials, and negative impacts like flood damage.
SHS Earth and Life Quarter 1 Module 2.pdf
The document provides information about a module on minerals, rocks, and exogenic processes for an Earth and Life Science course. It includes details about the module such as the topics covered in each lesson, the learning objectives, and assessment questions. The module is intended to help students understand the three main categories of rocks based on their origin, how minerals and rocks are formed, and exogenic processes like weathering and erosion.
Physical Weathering
1) Soil forms through the processes of physical and chemical weathering as temperature, rainfall, chemical changes, and biological action act on rocks. Climate, expressed through temperature and rainfall, is often the most powerful factor in soil formation.
2) Physical weathering breaks rocks down mechanically through processes like thermal stress from temperature changes and frost wedging from water freezing in cracks. Chemical weathering alters the composition of rocks through reactions with carbon dioxide, oxygen, or water.
3) Several factors contribute to weathering, including temperature changes that cause rocks to expand and contract, water that enters cracks and freezes, roots and burrowing animals that break rocks apart, wind that carries away rock particles, and human activities
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30how does using natural resources affect the environment?
30how does using natural resources affect the environment?
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