Nephrolithiasis Teaching Module (2008-9)
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This document provides an overview of the format and features of an interactive teaching module on nephrolithiasis. It describes that the module can be viewed online without downloading, limiting interactivity, or downloaded for full interactivity. It highlights key interactive elements like references, definitions, and navigation available depending on the viewing method.
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Kidney stones form when crystals separate from urine and stick together inside the kidney or urinary tract. They can cause severe pain and blood in the urine. Risk factors include dehydration, family history, and medical conditions. Symptoms include intense pain in the back or side and blood in the urine. Diagnosis is usually done with a CT scan. Small stones often pass on their own but larger ones may require lithotripsy or surgery to break up the stones. Drinking plenty of water can help prevent kidney stones from forming.
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Nephrolithiasis (kidney stones) is a disease affecting the urinary tract. Kidney stones are small deposits that build up in the kidneys, made of calcium, phosphate and other components of foods. They are a common cause of blood in urine.
Kidney stone formation may result when the urine becomes overly concentrated with certain substances. These substances in the urine may complex to form small crystals and subsequently stones.
A number of blood and urine tests will be required to detect the presence of infection and test the function of the kidneys
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Nephrolithiasis, or kidney stones, is a common condition where stones form in the kidneys or urinary tract. The prevalence increases with age, affecting 11% of men and 5.6% of women in the US by age 70. Calcium oxalate and calcium phosphate are the most common stone types. Risk factors include genetics, medical conditions like obesity and hyperparathyroidism, dietary factors high in sodium and animal protein, and low urine volume. Patients typically present with sudden severe flank or abdominal pain known as renal colic. Diagnosis involves urinalysis, blood tests, abdominal imaging like CT, and stone analysis if a sample can be obtained. Treatment depends on factors like stone size,
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This document discusses urinary stone disease (kidney stones). It reviews the epidemiology, risk factors, pathogenesis and types of kidney stones. It also reviews guidelines for management from the American Urological Association. The main points are:
- Kidney stone prevalence is increasing worldwide, especially for calcium stones. Risk factors include metabolic syndrome, obesity, diabetes and cardiovascular disease.
- The major stone types are calcium oxalate, calcium phosphate, uric acid and struvite. Composition depends on urine composition and risk factors.
- Pathogenesis involves supersaturation of urine leading to crystallization of stone-forming substances. Hypocitraturia and hyperoxaluria are common contributing factors.
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Hyperoxaluria case presentation
This document describes two cases of unusual renal failure caused by crystal nephropathy. The first case involves a 4-month old female infant who presented with oliguric renal failure following acute gastroenteritis. Renal biopsy revealed oxalate crystals in the tubules, indicating hyperoxaluria. The second case involves a 6-year old girl with a family history of renal failure who was diagnosed with primary hyperoxaluria in infancy based on elevated urine oxalate levels and nephrocalcinosis on ultrasound. Her condition progressively worsened over time despite treatment with pyridoxine. Both cases illustrate the renal manifestations and complications of hyperoxaluria.
Calculi
This document discusses urinary calculi (kidney stones) and nephrolithiasis (renal stones). It defines these terms and discusses their etiology, pathophysiology, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, and management. Common causes include hyperparathyroidism, increased calcium levels, uric acid, and diet or fluid intake issues. Symptoms include abdominal or back pain, hematuria, and dysuria. Diagnosis involves history, imaging like x-rays, and urine/blood tests. Treatment depends on stone size and location but may include increased fluid intake, pain management, dietary changes, shockwave lithotripsy, or surgery. Nursing care focuses on pain relief, urinary elimination, health education,
0711 renal calculi
The document discusses the diagnosis and treatment of kidney stones in the emergency department, noting that kidney stones are a common cause of flank pain that can be diagnosed using computed tomography imaging. It explores the risk factors, types, and pathophysiology of kidney stone formation as well as the appropriate management of pain and potential complications of obstruction. Differential diagnoses that can mimic kidney stones are also reviewed to guide emergency physicians in properly evaluating patients presenting with acute flank pain.
Stones & tumours of kidney ppt.- by Smriti singh
Urinary stones are classified by location as nephrolithiasis, ureterolithiasis, or cystolithiasis. Nephrolithiasis refers to stones in the kidney which commonly present as renal colic, hematuria, and flank pain. Risk factors include infection, diet, climate, metabolic issues, and immobilization. Treatment options include conservative management, ESWL, PCNL, or surgery depending on stone size and location. Renal cell carcinoma is the most common type of kidney cancer, usually appearing as a yellow mass in the upper pole. Clear cell carcinoma accounts for 75% of RCC cases. Treatment involves radical or partial nephrectomy depending on tumor extent.
Renal calculi
Urinary calculi are composed of substances normally found in urine that precipitate out of solution to form stones. The most common types of stones found are calcium oxalate, calcium phosphate, uric acid, and cystine. Risk factors for stone formation include dehydration, diet, medical conditions, and anatomical abnormalities. Management involves dietary changes to reduce stone-forming substances in urine, increased fluid intake, and surgical procedures like ESWL or ureteroscopy for stone removal.
Renal calculi ppt
This document discusses renal calculi (kidney stones). It defines renal calculi and reviews the anatomy and physiology of the renal system. It examines the etiology, risk factors, and pathogenesis of renal calculi. It also describes the clinical manifestations, diagnostic studies, medical and surgical management, nursing management including nursing diagnoses, and prevention of renal calculi.
Urolithiasis (urinary stones disease) presentation
This document discusses urolithiasis (kidney stones). It begins by defining urolithiasis and noting its prevalence and cost. It then covers the epidemiology, types, symptoms, diagnosis, and management of kidney stones. The main points are that kidney stones can form anywhere in the urinary tract, have a lifetime risk of 2-20% depending on location, and are most commonly treated through active medical expulsion or minimally invasive surgeries like ESWL or ureteroscopy. Surgical intervention is indicated for large or obstructing stones, infection, or if conservative measures fail.
Kidney anatomy, physiology and disorders
The kidneys are essential excretory organs that filter waste from the blood to produce urine. The kidneys contain over 1 million tiny filtering units called nephrons. Blood enters nephrons via the glomerulus and is filtered, then most water and nutrients are reabsorbed. The loop of Henle and countercurrent mechanism allow concentration of urine. Hormones regulate water and electrolyte balance. The kidneys maintain acid-base balance and blood pressure while filtering wastes and drugs for excretion. Kidney disorders occur if filtration, reabsorption or other functions are disrupted.
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Urolithiasis (urinary stones disease) presentation
Urolithiasis (urinary stones disease) presentation
Similar to Nephrolithiasis Teaching Module (2008-9)
Urinary pathology
The document discusses several conditions that affect the urinary system, including:
1. Wilm's tumor, which is the most common malignant kidney tumor in children, peaking between ages 3-4. It is treated with surgery, chemotherapy, and sometimes radiation therapy.
2. Polycystic kidney disease, which involves clusters of cysts developing in the kidneys. It can be inherited and has symptoms like high blood pressure and kidney failure.
3. Kidney stones, which are hard mineral deposits that form in the kidneys and can cause pain when they move to the ureters. Treatment depends on stone size and symptoms.
Urinary pathology
The document discusses several conditions that affect the urinary system, including:
1. Wilm's tumor, a type of kidney cancer that primarily affects children between ages 3-4. It is treated with surgery, chemotherapy, and sometimes radiation therapy.
2. Polycystic kidney disease, a genetic disorder where cysts develop within the kidneys, causing high blood pressure, kidney failure, and other issues.
3. Kidney stones, hard mineral deposits that form in the kidneys and can cause pain when passing through the ureters. Treatment depends on stone size and symptoms.
Urinary pathology
Wilm's tumor is a rare kidney cancer that primarily affects children, most commonly between ages 3-4. It arises when kidney cells fail to develop properly in the womb. Standard treatment is surgery, chemotherapy, and sometimes radiation therapy. A patient's prognosis depends on tumor stage and characteristics under microscopy.
Polycystic kidney disease is a genetic disorder where cysts develop within the kidneys, causing high blood pressure, kidney failure, and other issues. There are two types - autosomal dominant and recessive - which are passed down differently. Diagnosis involves imaging tests and management focuses on complications.
Kidney stones form from mineral crystal buildup in the kidneys, often causing severe pain.
Renal stones patient awareness
This document provides information about kidney stones including what they are, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment and prevention. Some key points:
- Kidney stones are hard masses made of minerals that form in the kidneys and can cause pain if they block the urinary tract.
- Symptoms include severe side or back pain, pain on urination, blood in urine. Imaging tests can detect location and size of stones.
- Treatment depends on size but may include pain medication, increased fluids, lithotripsy to break stones, or surgery to remove them.
- Prevention focuses on drinking plenty of water each day to avoid dehydration and risk of stones, as well as a diet low in salt and
Kidney stones and obesity
This document presents a proposed research plan to study the prevalence of kidney stones in obese patients. It introduces the problem that obese individuals have a higher risk of developing kidney stones. The purpose is to develop a qualitative research plan to establish the prevalence, causes, current statistics, and ways to control and prevent both conditions. The study will seek to answer questions about how weight impacts kidney stone risk, barriers to preventing obesity and stones, and best practices. The hypothesis is that obesity increases kidney stone risk and that lack of self-efficacy and modern lifestyles cause obesity and stones. The theoretical framework is Bronfenbrenner's ecological systems theory, which posits that health is shaped by interactions within one's ecology.
What is Gallbladder Stone , Causes and Treatment.pptx
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Hari laser clinic is an advanced laser treatment center in Bangalore. We are specialized in piles laser treatment, varicose veins laser treatment, fissures laser treatment, Pilonidal sinus laser treatment, etc.
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FARMAKOLOGI OBAT DIARE.pptx
This document provides an outline for a presentation on pharmacology of anti-diarrhea drugs for an RPL program in 2022/2023. It begins with definitions of diarrhea, types of diarrhea based on cause (infectious vs non-infectious), and etiologies (microorganisms that cause infectious diarrhea). It then discusses pathophysiology, examples of infectious diarrhea, and treatment including non-pharmacological and pharmacological options. Pharmacological treatments discussed include absorbents, anti-peristaltics, antisecretories, antispasmodics, antibiotics, probiotics, zinc, oral rehydration, and astringents.
KIDNEY STONE REVIEW
This document summarizes a review article on kidney stones that examines their etiology, pathophysiology, and contributing factors. Key points include:
- Kidney stones form when substances in urine become supersaturated, promoting crystal nucleation and growth in the kidneys or urinary tract. Calcium-containing stones are most common.
- Risk factors include dehydration, obesity, genetics, high-salt or animal protein diets, urinary pH disturbances, and diseases affecting calcium or oxalate levels.
- Pathogenesis involves urine becoming supersaturated when concentrations of stone-forming substances like calcium and oxalate exceed their solubility. This can be caused by deficiencies in crystallization inhibitors like citrate
Austism Poster PDF
This poster summarizes research aiming to identify urinary biomarkers for autism using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC/MS). Urine samples were collected from children with and without autism and analyzed using high-resolution LC/MS. Several potential biomarker candidates were identified that showed significant differences in abundance levels between control and autism samples, including N-octanoglycine and stercobilin. Further work is needed to confirm biomarker identities and potential clinical applications of this non-invasive approach for autism diagnosis and monitoring.
Urinalysis lab powerpoint.ppt
The document provides instructions for performing a urinalysis lab involving macroscopic, Chemstix, and microscopic analysis of a urine sample. Students are guided through examining the urine's color, turbidity, and odor macroscopically. The Chemstix analysis tests for specific gravity, pH, protein, glucose, ketones, nitrites, bilirubin, hematuria, urobilinogen, and leukocytes. Microscopic analysis requires examining the urine sediment under a microscope.
Renal calculus
Kidney stones (renal lithiasis, nephrolithiasis) are hard deposits made of minerals and salts that form inside your kidneys
articulo 1.pdf
1. The document discusses the metabolic evaluation and follow-up of kidney stone patients. It finds that single and recurrent stone formers should not be treated as separate clinical entities, as their metabolic profiles are often similar.
2. Both recurrent and first-time stone formers should be offered a metabolic evaluation, including two 24-hour urine collections, to guide targeted medical management and reduce the risk of stone recurrence.
3. Follow-up should depend on the level of metabolic activity. Those with ongoing stone formation or growth need medical management, while inactive patients can be followed with imaging every 1-2 years.
57592160 caase-study-chy-tambok
This document provides a case report on a 43-year-old female patient diagnosed with ureterolithiasis in the proximal third of the right ureter. It summarizes the patient's history of present illness including previous hospital admissions for kidney stones. The patient was admitted to Vicente Sotto Memorial Medical Center with complaints of sudden sharp pain. The case report utilizes Virginia Henderson's nursing theory to assess the patient and implement nursing interventions. It aims to share information on ureterolithiasis, identify problems related to the patient's condition, and provide health teachings to prevent recurrence.
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Kidney stone (nephrolithiasis)
- The document is a literature review on nephrolithiasis (kidney stones) that discusses the urinary system, types of kidney stones, stone formation and morphology, manifestations of stones such as pain and infection, and treatment methods.
- The most common type of kidney stone is calcium stones, which constitute 80-90% of all renal stones. Other types include uric acid, struvite, and cystine stones.
- Symptoms of kidney stones include flank pain from stones moving through the ureter, as well as hematuria, urinary tract infections, and potentially loss of kidney function in severe cases. Computed tomography and ultrasound are used to diagnose stones.
Silent kidney stones diagnostic modalities in albania
The International Institute for Science, Technology and Education (IISTE). Science, Technology and Medicine Journals Call for Academic Manuscripts
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Nephrolithiasis Teaching Module (2008-9)
- 1. Nephrolithiasis Teaching Module 2008-9 By Tejas Desai, MD Darina Stankeyeva, MD Arlene Chapman, MD James Bailey, MD Division of Nephrology and Hypertension Emory University School of Medicine
- 2. Module Format This module will present learning material on Nephrolithiasis using interactive features to enhance your experience. There are two (2) ways you can view this teaching module: 1) You can view the module directly through the Internet (no downloading required), or 2) You can download the module to your computer. The method you choose to view this module will determine the interactive features that are available to you.
- 3. If you view the module directly through the Internet , you will not be able to navigate through the presentation in a non-linear fashion. That is, you will not be able to click on intramodular links. If you choose to download the module to your computer, you will need Microsoft PowerPoint 2003 or greater (Mac or PC). All intramodular links will be available to you, allowing for non-linear navigation through the module. Regardless of which viewing preference you choose, all References will be available to you. Continue onto the next slide to learn about the module’s features and how you can use them. You can skip this introduction and jump straight to the content (if you are viewing the module on your computer). Otherwise, you can continue by clicking the arrow. Module Format (continued)
- 4. Features (for downloaded version only) Reference Table of Contents: This is a nested TOC that allows you to jump from one section (and subsection) to another. Clicking on the main section (e.g., Pathogenesis) will display the subsections for that area of study. References: Moving your cursor over this area will display the citation from which the material was obtained (downloaded version only). Clicking the word “Reference” will load the primary source for your review. We encourage that you read the primary sources to formulate your own perspectives and develop your skills in critically evaluating scientific articles. Definitions: throughout the module, terms will be highlighted to indicate that there is an associated definition. Place your cursor (arrow) over the term to learn its meaning. Table of Contents Epidemiology Pathogenesis Clinical Manifestations Evaluation General Therapy Calcium Stones Uric Acid Stones Struvite Stones Cystine Stones
- 5. Features (for Internet version only) Web-browsing: Links will take you to WWW sites. Please disable pop-up blockers to take advantage of this feature. Navigation: Linear navigation is active in the Internet version. Non-linear navigation can be performed by clicking the links within the presentation (for downloadable version only). For those using the Internet version, you can access the primary reference by clicking on the graphs, tables, or key words (highlighted) for each slide. Table of Contents Epidemiology Pathogenesis Clinical Manifestations Evaluation General Therapy Calcium Stones Uric Acid Stones Struvite Stones Cystine Stones
- 26. Evaluation (cont’d) Reference Men Women Recurrence Free Rate Recurrence Free Rate Uric Acid + Calcium Cystine Struvite Uric Acid or Calcium Table of Contents Epidemiology Pathogenesis Clinical Manifestations Evaluation 1st-time Stone Formers Data Stone Analysis ( 1 , 2) General Therapy Calcium Stones Uric Acid Stones Struvite Stones Cystine Stones
- 64. Thank you for viewing the 2008-9 teaching module in Nephrolithiasis. Please complete the post-module examination and the brief questionnaire. The questionnaire will be used to improve the design and content of future teaching modules for the Emory Renal Fellowship program. Both can be found in the same folder as this module.